动词时态(主动语态)
A、预备知识:
一、动词分类:练习:将下列动词分类,并写在上面空格处。
Teach run swim be seem feel sound can could may might must should
1. 行为动词(谓动):
2. 情态动词: 3. 系动词: 4. 助动词:do , be , will , have/has , 外加情态。
二、一般现在时、一般过去时的主动语态,要注意be的用法:
有行为动词,不要be 动词;没有行为动词,要加上be 。 改错:
1.He is goes to school everyday .
2. They weren’t walk to school yesterday . . 3. Are they often have lunch at school ?
4. He was returned the book to you yesterday . 5. He fifteen years old . 6. My father at home now .
B、八种时态: 一、一般现在时:
1. 哪种情况下使用一般现在时? (1). 经常发生的动作
(2). 客观事实:客观真理,自然现象等等。 (3). 状语从句 主将←→从现 2. 记号词
often (经常) usually (通常) sometimes (有时)
alaways (总是) every day (每天) every Sunday (每周星期天) 3. 第三人称单数 (三单):
he , she , it , 单数人 , 单数物 , 不定式、动名词、不定代词作主语 4. 结构:
(1). 肯定句:主语三单 + 动词三单 。 主语不是三单 + 动原 。
(2). 问句: Does + 主语三单 + 动原 ? Do + 主语不是三单 + 动原 ?
(3). 否定句:主语三单 + doesn’t + 动原 。 主语不是三单 + don’t + 动原 。 5.问题:
1.什么是动词的三单形式?
2.一般现在时中,只有哪一种情况,动词才使用动词的三单形式?
3.以上结构中,do , does , don’t , doesn’t 是什么词?起什么作用?它们有没有汉语意
思?
6.练习:
1. He often to school by bike .
A. is go B. is goes C. go D. goes 2. he reading ?
A. Is , like B. Is , likes C. Does , like D. Does , likes 3. She living in the country .
A. isn’t enjoy B. isn’t enjoys C. doesn’t enjoy D. doesn’t enjoys
4. Hundreds years ago , Bruno(布鲁诺)had already known that the moon round the earth .
A. is goes B. goes C. was go D. went 5. Reading in bed bad for your health . A. be B. am C. is D. are 6. I won’t let you go if you your idea .
A. won’t give up B. don’t give up C. aren’t give up
二、一般过去时:
动作发生在过去,强调动作发生的时间、地点。 记号词:
(1). yesterday 昨天 two days ago 两天前 last week 上周 just now 刚才 in 1998 在1998年
(2). 表示过去一段时间内经常发生的事,如果与等词搭配,也要用一般过去时。 3. 结构:
(1). 肯定句:主语 + 动ed 。
(2). 问句: Did + 主语 + 动原 ? (3). 否定句:主语 + didn’t + 动原 。 4.问题:
1. 一般过去时没有三单概念。
2. 以上结构中,did , didn’t是什么词?起什么作用?它们有没有汉语思? 3.一般过去时中,只有哪一种情况,动词才使用动ed ? 5.练习:
1. he (do) his homework yesterday ?. 2. He (not do) his homework yesterday .
3. When I was young , I often (listen) to stories under the tree . 4. He did went to school last Monday . ╳
5. I wasn’t talk with my teacher this morning . ╳ 三、现在进行时:
1. 正在进行,正在发生。
2. 记号词:(1). now , (2). look , (3). Listen
(4). It’s five in the afternoon (5). 祈使句(说话的时间是此时此刻) 3. 结构:am / is / are + Ving 练习:
1. Listen , Who the door ?
A. is knocking B. knocking at C. is knock at D. is knocking at
2. A: they an English lesson at the moment ? B: Yes , they are .
A. Are , having B. Are , have C. Do , have D. Do , having
3.Alawys , never 用于现在进行时,表示一种很强烈的感情。厌恶或是赞扬 。
(1).. The boy is always so much noise .
A. make B. makes C. making (2) Are you never to your teacher ?
If your answer is “yes” , it means you’re bad boy . A. listen B. listening
四、过去进行时:
1. 过去某个时刻正在发生的动作。 2. 结构:was / were + Ving 3. 记号词:
(1). At nine yesterday from nine to ten last Sunday at that time
(2). When / while + 时间状语从句 (过去) 4. 注意:
(1). When / while引导一个动作发生在过去的从句,不管是主句,还是从句的谓语动词。 只要是延续性动词 ←→ 过去进行时
只要是 非延续性动词 ←→ 一般过去时
(2). 一般过去时,过去进行时和过去完成时的区别:
A.如果两个动作发生在过去,一先一后,或间隔比较长。最先发生的用过去完成时;最后发生的用一般过去时。
B.如果两个动作发生在过去,而且是同时发生的,延续性用过去进行时,非延续性用一般现在时。 5.练习:
1. What you at six yesterday morning ?
A. do, do B. did , do C. was, doing D. were doing 2. It when I got off the bus .
A. snows B. was snowing C. snow D. snowed 3. The Smiths along the road when their car broke out爆胎 . A. drove B. were driving C. are driving
4. The boy (play) outside when it (begin) to rain five days ago . 5. He (run) when he (fell) down last school sports meeting . 6. I (watch) TV while my mother (cook) yesterday . 7. 我父亲在我看电视时睡着了。
My father I TV . 五、一般将来时: 1.结构:
(1). be going to + 动原 打算做,准备做。
(2). Will +动原 打算做,准备做。(愿望色彩很浓)
(3). Shall I / we + 动原? 表将来,但一般用来提建议。我们做某事好吗? (4). be + 动ing 有些动词,可以用进行时表将来
→ come go fly leave arrive move 2.记号词:
tomorrow next week from now on in the future sooner or later before long long before in + 将来时间 (在……. 以后)
3.注意:状语从句中用will表将来,不用be going to表将来。 练习:
1. A: we (go) hiking ? B: Good idea . 2. They (go) for a picnic next week .
3. We (fish) if it (not rain) tomorrow .
4. He is going to see me as soon as he comes back from XingJiang . ╳ 六、过去将来时:
1。从过去某个时间来看,将要发生的动作。 2.结构:
(1). Was / were going to + V原 (2). Would + V原
3.常用于宾语从句中 (主过←→宾过) 。 练习:
1.Could you tell me if you (take) part in our school sports meeting next month ? 2. Paul said that he (go) to BeiJing this weekend . 3. He hoped that he (meet) me soon . 4. I wondered if he come the next day .
A. is B. will C. would D. was going 5. 她想知道我将来打算做什么。
She wondered I . 七、现在完成时 (一)。用法:
1。动作发生在过去,但强调对现在的 影响。
2.,动作发生在过去,但一直延续到现在。 Since , for , how long . . (二)、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别: 一般过去时:1。强调动作发生的时间,地点(where除外)。 过去 ? 2。句中有过去的具体时间yesterday, ago , last , when 等等。 现在完成时: 1。强调对现在的影响。 2.动作一直延续到现在。 练习:
1. I (have) a cold yesterday .
2. When you (give) it back to me ? last week .
3. I (lose) my watch . I (lose) it on the train . 4. 他去哪里了?他去美国了。
Where he ? He America . (三)。记号词
1.(1). just 刚刚 (2). never从不 (3). before以前 (7). ever曾经 (4). already已经 (5). yet已经 (6). Not yet还没有
(8): 注意:just (现在完成时) just now(一般过去时) 2. 是不是出现了以上记号词,就一定要使用现在完成时?
. 3. since ,for ,how long(一段时间)? 现在完成时
(1). Since + 过去的具体时间 自从…….. (since two years ago ) 主句(现在完成时)+ since + 从句(一般过去时)
(2). For + 一段时间 (3). How long 多长时间 练习:用since , for填空。
1。He has been in China two years .
2.I have been in the shirt two days ago . 3.He has been asleep half an hour . 4.I haven’t seen him 1992 .
(四)。since , for , how long(一段时间)? 延续性 Since , for , how long从意思上看,表示动作延续了一点时间,所以动作要用延续性动词。 练习:
1.将下列非延续性动词转化成延续性动词,并写出其汉语意思。
(1). buy (2). catch / get a cold (3). borrow / lend (4). come / go / become / arrive (5). put on (6). open (7). close (8). fall asleep (9). join (10). die
(11). leave (12). end / finish (13). begin (14). get / receive a letter from ,
hear from a letter from 2.改错:
(1). How long can I borrow the book ?
(2). I have bought the dictionary since last week . (3). M r. Lee has joined the party for 20 years . (4). How long has he died ?
(5). I have left there for 10 years . 3. 不要叫醒他,他刚睡了半小时。
Don’t wake him up , He just for half an hour . 4. 他收到Jim的信有4天了。
He a letter from Jim for 4 days 5. We each other for a long time .
A: see B: saw C: are seeing D: haven’t seen
记住:非延续性动词的否定形式相当于延续性动词。 (五)、短语辨析
1.Have been in + 地点(一直住在某地)
2.Have been to + 地点(曾经去过某地,已回来) 3.Have gone to + 地点(去某地了,现在不在这儿) 4注意:地点副词的前面不能加介词。