A Human’s senses aren’t just delivering a strict view of what’s going on in the world.
B What’s perceived by our senses affects our way of thinking.
C Human brains can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs. D Thinking processes guarantee the normal functions of our senses. 4．What did the results of the experiment indicate?
A 80 words flashed on the screen too fast for the participant to intentionally perceive.
B Hungry people were better at identifying neutral words.
C People who had just eaten were better at identifying food-related words. D The participants could barely perceive what they needed or what they strived for. 5．What can we infer from the passage?
A 42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation. B An experiment with hungry and non-hungry participants is not reliable. C Our thinking processes are independent of our senses.
D Humans can perceive what they need without involving high-level thinking processes.
1．C 第一段第二句是本题答案的依据。饥肠辘辘的人只是看food-related words比较清楚，选项C的句意与上述句子的意思完全一致，是答案。选项A说的是every word，所以不是答案。选项B和D文章中没有提到。
2．B 答案的根据可在第三段找到。Radel为了保证42名学生到达实验室时是空腹，所以要求他们中午到达。然后告诉一部分学生实验时间推迟了，请他们10分钟后再来。他又请另外一部分学生用午餐。Radel用推迟实验的方法造就了两组实验者，即饥饿组与饱食组。选项B是答案。
3．C 虽然A、B、D选项均可在文中找到对应部分，但只属于细节，而非主旨，因此不能选。本文最后一句给出了直接的答案。
4．A 第四段第三行中consciously与A项中的intentionally是同义词。B项neutral意思为“中性的”，在本文中的意思是与food-related相对的，即“与食物不相关的”，因此是错误选择；C项不符合课文原意;D项barely意为“仅仅，勉强，几乎没有”，因此也不符合句意。
5．D 选项A所说的实验样本的大小与本题主旨无关，不是答案，而是干扰项；B、C内容也不能直接从短文中推断出来。选项D是答案。最后一段第二句的“Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for”为选择D项提供了依据。
第十一篇我们的视觉服务于我们的胃口
我们的五官不仅仅让我们感知世界;还受大脑活动的影响。一项新研究发现：比起那些刚刚用过餐的人，饥饿的人能更清晰地看到与食品有关的词。
数十年以来，心理学家已经知道我们的心理活动直接影响到我们的视觉。例如，贫穷的孩子看到的硬币比实际的要大;饥饿的人看到的食物图片更明亮。法国的尼斯?索菲亚?安提波利斯大学试图调查这一现象：发生这种情况的时间是在大脑从眼睛接收到视觉信号的即时还是稍后些，这时高级思维活动已经介入了。
雷戴尔招募了健康指数正常的42位学生作为被试者。在测试的当天，每个学生被告知在中午到达实验室，这时距上一次的用餐时间有3?4个小时。等他们到达实验室时，他们被告知实验时间有延迟。一半学生被告知十分钟后再回来;其余的给1个小时的时间先吃午饭。所以一半学生饿着肚子，另一半学生饱腹参加了此次实验。
实验的步骤如下：要求被试者看电脑屏幕。屏幕上的80个字以1/300秒的频率闪动。由于字体非常之小，被试者只能凭感觉捕捉到字形。1/4的字是与食物有关的。每闪动一个字，被试者回答字体的亮度并选择看到的是哪类词：一类是和食物有关的词，比如“蛋糕”;一类是中性词，比如“船”。由于每个词的闪动在瞬间完成，被试者根本看不清楚那个词是什么。
饥饿的人看到与食物有关的词更明亮，且能更好地辨认出与食物有关的词。由于每个词的闪动太快，其实那些被试者根本不会确切地看到什么，这就说明：他们只是感觉不同，根本没经过思考。雷戴尔给出了这样的解释。
雷戴尔说：“这就是重点所在。人类可以真正感知到自身的需要或者为之奋斗的目标。该实验使我了解这样的事实，即我们的大脑是受我们的动机和需要所支配的。” Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass
In January, 2003, the eastern two-thirds of the United States was at the mercy of a bitterly cold air mass that has endangered Florida’s citrus trees, choked northern harbors with ice and left bewildered residents of North Carolina’s Outer Banks digging out of up to a foot of snow.
The ice chill deepened as temperatures fell to the single digits in most of the South, with an unfamiliar dip below the freezing mark as far south as parts of interior South Florida. Temperatures in Florida plunged, with West Palm Beach dropping to a record low of 2 degrees.
“We couldn’t believe how cold it was,” said Martin King, who arrived this week in Orlando from England. “we brought shorts, T-shirt, and I had to go out and buy another coat. ”
The temperature plunge posed a threat to Florida’s US$9.1 billion-a-year citrus crop, more of which is still on the trees. Growers were hurrying to harvest as much of the fruit as possible before it was damaged by cold.
“Time is of the essence in getting fruit to the plant,” said Tom Rogers, a citrus grower who expected to see damage to oranges and grapefruit at that time.
In Florida, Governor Jeb Bush signed an emergency order to eliminate the weight limit on trucks so citrus growers could get as much fruit to market as possible.
Casey Pace, a spokeswoman for Florida Citrus Mutual, said growers had sprayed trees with sprinklers, which created a layer of ice and helped maintain a temperature near freezing. Citrus trees are considered in danger of damage if the temperature drops below minus 2 degrees Celsius for four hours or more. Snow ranging from a dusting to up to 30 centimeters blanketed the Carolinas, Tennessee and parts of Virginia.
1. Which of the following statements is not meant in the first two paragraphs? A. The cold air mass was a threat to Florida’s citrus crop.
B. The temperature in the United States except the South dropped below the freezing mark.
C. The northern harbors were blocked with ice.
D. The eastern two thirds of the United States was hit by cold air mass.
2. According to the second paragraph, in which area (s) did the temperature fall below zero?
A. Most of the south. B. Parts of interior South Florida. C. West Palm Beach. D. All of the above.
3. King’s statement that “We brought shorts, T-shirt, and I had to go out and buy another coat,” shows that
A. he was caught by the sudden cold. B. he needed formal clothes.
C. fashion in Florida is tempting. D. Florida is how compared with England.
4. Governor Jeb issue the emergency order because he A. thought speed limit for trucks was unreasonable.
B. tried to improved the traffic condition of the express ways.
C. wanted to encourage trucks to transport as much fruit to market as possible. D. wanted to stop trucks from carrying too much fruit to market.
5. Which statement is NOT true according to the last paragraph? A. Sprinklers were used to protect citrus trees from being damaged.
B. Citrus trees would be damaged if the temperature drops below minus 2℃for four hours.
C. The Carolinas. Tennessee and parts of Virginia were covered with snow. D. Florida Citrus Mutual sprayed trees with sprinklers for citrus growers.
1. A 第二段中就有冷气团侵袭到 most of the South，所以，B是不符合原意的。
2. B … with an unfamiliar dip below the freezing mark as far south as parts of interior South Florida.在南至南佛罗里达州腹地的一些区域，气温前所未有地降至冰点以下这句话说明 B是正确选项。在 most of the South,气温降至 10℃以下，在 West Palm Bench，气温虽然降至历史昀低，但有 2℃。
3. A 佛罗里达位于炎热的南方。 King只带了短裤、 T恤。到了佛罗里达，寒潮来了，他只好去买御寒衣服。
4. C 第六段中“ Jeb Bush signed an emergency order to eliminate the weight limit on trucks so citrus growers could get as much fruit to market as possible.”这个句子提供了答案。
5. D 选项 A、B、C文章中都提到，而且， A、B、C的内容都符合原意，唯有 D不正确。因为，文章中只是说 Florida Citrus Mutual (佛罗里达柑橘互助协会 )通报了柑橘种植人采取的防冻措施，并没有说这个协会自己采取了防冻措施。
第十二篇 纳佛罗里达遭受冷气团袭击
2003年1月，美国东部2/3的地区处于强冷空气团的控制下，强冷空气团给佛罗里达的柑橘树造成了危胁，同时也使北部的港口被冰冻结。冷空气团让北卡罗来纳州沿岸地区的居民不知所措，不停地铲着尺把深的积雪。
当南方部分地区的气温降到个位数时，冰雪带来的寒意加深了，从南方的大部分地区直到南佛罗里达的腹地地区，气温前所未有地骤降至冰点以下。气温在佛罗里达骤降，西棕榈海岸的气温创纪录地降至2度。
“我们不能相信有那么冷”，这周刚从英国来到奥兰多的马丁?金说，“我们买了运动裤、T恤，但我还不得不出去买件大衣。”
气温的骤降对佛罗里达每年价值91亿美元的柑橘产量造成了危胁，大部分的柑橘还未采摘，果农们正赶着在柑橘被冻坏之前尽可能地多采些。
“时间对柑橘成熟是非常重要的，”果农汤姆?罗根斯说，他预计冷空气会对柑橘和葡萄造成
损害。
佛罗里达州州长杰夫?布什签署了一份紧急命令，这个命令取消了对卡车上货物的重量限制，这样，果农们就能使尽可能多的柑橘上市。
佛罗里达州柑橘信托基金会的发言人Casey Pace女士说，果农们用洒水器向果树喷水，这使果树表面形成了一层冰，冰有助于气温维持在冰点附近。如果气温降到-2℃以下超过4个小时，柑橘就会被冻坏。厚度从薄薄一层到30厘米的雪覆盖了卡罗来纳、田纳西和弗吉尼亚的部分地区。
第十三篇Invisibility Ring
Scientists can’t yet make an invisibility cloak1 like the one that Harry Potter2 uses.But，for the first time，they’ve constructed a simple cloaking device that makes itself and somethingplaced inside it invisible to microwaves.
When a person “sees” an object，his or her eye senses many different waves of visiblelight as they bounce off the object.The eye and brain then work together to
organize thesesensations and reconstruct the object’s original shape. So，to make an object invisible，scientists have to keep waves from bouncing off it.And they have to make sure the objectcasts no shadow.Otherwise，the absence of reflected light on one side would give the obiectaway.
Invisibility isn’t possible yet with waves of light that the human eye can see.But it is nowpossible with microwaves.Like visible light，microwaves are a form of radiant
energy.Theyare part of the electromagnetic spectrum，which also includes radio waves，infrared light，ultraviolet rays，X rays，and gamma rays.The wavelengths of
microwaves are shorter thanthose of radio waves but longer than those of visible light. The scientists’ new “invisibility device” is the size of a drink coaster and shaped like aring.The ring is made of a special material with unusual ability.When microwaves strike thering，very few bounce off it.Instead，they pass through the ring，which bends the waves allthe way around until they reach the opposite side.The waves then return to their originalpaths.
To a detector set up to receive microwaves on the other side of the ring，it looks as if thewaves never changed their paths as if there were no object in the way! So，the ring is effectively invisible.
When the researchers put a small cdpper loop inside the ring，it，too，is nearly invisible. However，the cloaking device and anything inside it do cast a pale shadow.And the deviceworks only for microwaves，not for visible light or any kind of electromagnetic radiation.So，Harry Potter’s invisibility cloak doesn’t have any real competition yet.
invisibility/invizE5biliti/n.看不见，无形 spectrum/5spektrEm/n.光谱 cloak/klEuk/斗篷，披风 infrared/5infrE5red/adj.红外线的 microwave/5maikrEuweiv/n.微波 ultraviolet ray 紫外线 reconstruct/5ri:kEn5strQkt/v.重建 gamma ray 伽马射线 radiant/5reidjEnt/adj.辐射的 wavelength/5weivleNW/n.波长
electromagnetic/IlektrEJ5mA^nItIk/adj.电磁的coaster/5kEustE(r)/n.托盘，垫子
1.Harry Potter is mentioned in the passage，because scientists
Acan now make an invisible cloak of the same kind as he uses. Btry to make an invisible cloak of the same kind as he uses.
Ctry to invent a device Similar in idea to the invisible cloak he uses. Dknow that it is possible to make an invisible cloak of the same kind. 2.What is true of microwaves?
ATheir wavelengths are shorter than those of visible light. BTheir wavelengths are longer than those of visible light.
CThey are different from visible light as they are a kind of radiant energy. DThey are visible to the human eye.
3.What is NOT true of the invisibility device? AIt is made of a special material with unusual ability. BMicrowaves bounce off it when they strike it. CMicrowaves pass through it when they strike it.
DIt bends the microwaves all the way around until they reach the opposite side.
4.What does the word “coaster” mean in the passage?
AA disk or plate placed under a drinking glass to protect a table top.
BA vessel engaged in coastal trade. CA roller coaster.
DA resident of a coastal area.
5.Harry Potter’s invisibility cloak doesn’t have any real competition yet，because
Ascientists have not found out how his cloak works. Bthe cloaking device is a total failure.
Cthe cloaking device works only for microwaves. Dthe cloaking device works only for visible light.
1.C文章的第一段告诉我们，科学家还没有发明哈里·波特使用的那种隐身衣，所以不能选 A;该段还告诉我们，科学家已制造了，一种装置，这种装置能使自身或置于其中的物体不被微波发现，所以C是正确选择，也就是说，科学家发明的隐形装置和哈里波特的隐身衣仅仅在概念上相同，这同时说明B和D是错误的选择。
2.B第三段最后一句中告诉我们，A是错误选择，B是正确选择。该段第三句说，微波与可见光一样都是一种辐射能，所以C的说法是错误的，不能选择;根据该段第一句：with wavesof light that the human eye can see和第三句：Like visible light，可以得知D是错误的说法，也不能选择。
3.B第四段第三句说，当微波到达装置表面时，very few bounce off。very few是几乎没有的意思，所以选择B。其他选择所述内容都可以很容易在该段中找到。
4.A第四段第一句告诉我们，科学家的这个隐形装置和一个杯垫差不多大小，所以A是正确选择。coaster是一个多义词，其他几个选择是该词的其他意思，B：从事沿海贸易的船;C：过山车，摩天轮;D：海岸地区居民。
5.CA句在短文中没有提到;按文章的内容B不是正确的说法;文章最后一段说，And thedevice works only for microwaves，not forvisible light，所以C是正确选择 隐形环
到目前为止，科学家还不能造出哈利；波特使用过的隐身斗篷。但是他们率先研制出了一种与其类似的装置，这种装置能使自身和置于其中的物体不受微波的探测。