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图1:信道和缓存器丢失率与每个人节点产生负载的关系变化(左图)。
图1:每个节点产生的负载被中心节点接收的比列(互补累积分布函数CDF,中间的图)。
图1:每个单位能量成功发送的全网比特数(右图)。
度量标准 有性Efficiency 效描述 参数介绍 ?????p?Phop(u)u?Uxmits(p,h) (1) h?hops(p)U是有效分组的集合,P是所有分组的集合,hops(p)是每一跳发送的分组p,xmit(p,h)计算在跳h处传输的分组p的总数。 第i个传感器转发分组的平均速率记为ri。N是网络中传感器的数量。 公平性Fairness 2(?i?1ri) (2) ??N2N?i?1riN非平衡性Imbalance 在节点i接收到的数据包数量??i的父节点接收到的来自i节点的数据包数量(3) 该度量标准明确了节点i,整个实验都使用了数据包计数。 表1:评价传感器网络性能的度量标准。
图2:通过表达式4计算邻居节点大小(互补累积分布函数CDF),作为无线通信功率电平的函数,将55个节点的室内无线传感器网络测试平台部署于一栋办公建筑的一层即16,076平方英尺范围内。
1
N?x?? 策略 队列占用法 信道采样法 y?N?x备注 ??p?xy (4)
参数 逐跳流量控制使用队列占用(在第3.1部分8个队列大小,?=0.25 介绍, ?表明在拥塞出现出的部分队列占用)逐跳流量控制使用信道采样(在第3.1部分介绍)。N表示时间长度E内信道感知到的数量,?表示EWMA平均系数。 队列占用法随着延迟技术扩增,如第3.3.1部分介绍。当侦听到父节点传输结束后退避?毫秒,即一个超过在Mica2的CC1000无线通信一个数据包时间的比特。 我们实现一个简单的速率限制策略,如第3.2部分介绍所示。 这个策略同时结合了队列占用法,转发延迟法以及速率限制算法。 没有对网络层和MAC层的拥塞控制做相关的改变。传输是一有数据进入输出队列就尝试发送(载波监听和MAC退避之后)。 N=4,E=100毫秒 ?=0.85 延迟法 ?=40毫秒 速率限制法 Fusion 无 同上 无 无拥塞控制 表2:总结在本文中评价的拥塞控制策略及其相关参数。
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