外文文献翻译原文及译文
文献出处:RoyDave.Thestudyonthecarsharingunder
thesharingeconomic [J]. Journal of Business Research, 2017, 1(8): 95-106.
原文
ThestudyonthecarsharingunderthesharingeconomicRoyDave
Abstract
Carsharingisakindofmeetthedemandofresident’sshort-termcarinnovativetrafficpatterns.Carsharingfrequencyinthecarmusthaveprovidedmodel,aimedatresidentialcommunity,commercialofficecenter,universityandotherpublicservicevehicle.Theworld'sbiggestcarsharingoperatorZipcar,sinceitsinceptionin2000atHarvardUniversity,isto\takeinservice\
achieve
thedemandofalternativefamilycar,andkeepabout20%oftheaverageannualgrowthrate.Carsharingcanbehighcostallocationtoeachuseofthecarandmaintenanceofdistanceandtime,toattractuserstouseandmakeaprofit,theaveragepercaralternative20averagecar,atthesametimereducethe
inducedbyvehiclesmarginalcostreduceinvalidtravel,hasagoodsocial,economicandenvironmentaleffects,aswellasreducemember private cars use scale. Keywords: sharing cars, low carbon, development trend
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1 Introduction
According to the University of California,
Berkeley,sustainabletransportationdevelopmentresearchcenterofstatistics,asof October2012,atotalof27countriesaroundtheworldtocarryoutthecarsharing,atotalof1.788millionmembers,to43500vehiclesShared,anaverageof41.1peopleshareacar.TheNorthAmericancarsharingmarket
theworld'sfirst,whichisabout38.7%ofthemarket.Zipcarhasabout9,300vehicles,intheUnitedStates,Canada,Britain,Spainandothercountriesofthe17majormetropolitanareaandmorethan250universitiescampus,formorethan709,000membersprovideconvenientcarsharingservice.UseofpureelectricvehiclesasaSharedmodel,throughtheinnovativemodeoftransportationandoperation personal
traveldistanceofpureelectricvehiclesusersisshorterandlesschargingstationlayoutproblem.Bysharingoperation,canalsoforpureelectricvehiclesandfurtherintothefamilyinformationbasedonthecharge,useandoperationofthemarketdemandforecasting.Pureelectriccarsharinghasruneverycityintheworld,includinginFrance'slargestpublicbicyclecarriersBolloregrouplaunchedtheirtestisthemostfamous,by2012,thetesthad3000pureelectriccarandnearly1200operatingsites,andothercitiesinFrancetocarryoutthepilot.Membersshouldpayanannualfeeof low, only can at any time through online booking, to use the vehicle. 2 The social effects of car sharing
management,
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Car sharing biggest role is to replace conventional cars, and
accordinglyreduceparking,congestionandotherissues,andmakestheautomobiletoreducethedependenceoftravel,toencouragegreateruseofpublictransportandbicycles,slowtransportation.On
averageeverycarsharingalternative6~7ordinaryvehicles.Membersoftheaveragetripdistanceisreducedby50%~70%duetojointhesharing,resultinginthe 1, 000 Yuan to 3 000 Yuan transport costs reduced. According to thesharingofenterprisesurvey,20%ofcarsharingmemberssellcars,20%choose to delaytheirpurchases,whichchangesthe vehicle.Becauseatthe same time, reduce automobile
dependence
and
use,
can
also
help
themembertousemorelowcarbonenergysavingmodeoftransportation,alsoaccordingtothedataofNorthAmerica,thetransferofpublictransport,cycling,walkingratesashighas50%.Ifthiseffectcanbepopularized in China, will provide policy to regulate
the
speed
of
carsenteringthefamilyelasticspace,alleviatethecongestionofautosociety,energy consumption, emission and safety issues. 3 The case analysis of pure electric carsharing
Relatively, the use of pure electric vehicles as the main modelswillfurtherstrengthenthecarsharingof
energyconservationandemissionsreduction.AtpresentpureelectriccarsharingmainlyinEurope,France,Germany, North America andJapan. 3.1 The test in Paris,France
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Size and influence of the world's biggest electric car sharing for the
Frenchtestproject,theprojectbythesuccessfuloperationinParisbicyclesharingVELIBBolloregroupinvestmentoftheproject,Parisandatowngovernmentsupportandhelptheconstructionofsharingsite.Bollore group and Paris government signed the \service\of theagencycontract,andshallassumethe corresponding
managementrisk,totalfinancialinvestmentriskisexpectedtoreach0millionEuros.AlthoughthestreetsintheFrenchwillbeagreatsuccess,butalsocausedsuchasparkingSpacestoreduceexcessivecompetitionandtaxi.Francebefore testing also run some
test
items,
such
as
Liselec
company
in are
LaRochellerunelectriccarsharingproject,using130kmrangeofelectriccars, still funded by the local government.
3.2 The university of California, riverside, Intellishareproject
As early as 2001, the university of California, riverside, conductedaaimedatdevelopmentof
pureelectricvehiclesandhybridelectricvehiclesasthemainmodelsofsharingresearchprojects,andatthetrainstationandriversideuniversitycampusesaroundthesite.Thewholeprojectof100vehiclesdailysharingtime,thevehicle'srangeof160km.Intellishareprojectthroughoptimizingconfigurationmethod,makesthevehicletoshareonlyforelectricvehicleseffectively,thisisfortherangeof160kmthatmeetmostofthetraveldemand,butIntellishareprojectisgiven priority to with study, and no consideration of profit.
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3.3 Japan's electric car sharing program
Toyota as early as the beginning of 1990, the company has beentestedaSharedproject,calledCrayonsystem,atotalof50cars,13sites,700members,andintelligenttransportationsystemandGPSsystemstomonitorvehicle movements.In
yokohama,1997electriccars
sharetheproject,andfurtherfrom30vehicleswereextendedto400vehicles,membershipto8,000,andbecamefamouscoveredinyokohama,kawasaki,andTokyoCrixcarsharingprogram.Japan'selectriccarssharetheprojectisnotverysuccessful,in1999theSecondCarSystem(SCS)projectistousethe160kmoftheelectricCar,stoppedtheprojectafterthreeyears,notbecausethechargingproblem,butduetothehighoperating costs.
4 The challenges of electric car sharing
At present most of pure electric vehicles Shared by the companyasthemainbody,runbyparkingsupplyandconstructionof localgovernment,subsidiesandothermeansofsupport,butthereallarge-scaleoperationoftheelectric carsharingprojectis stillinprofitas amainpurpose. However, pure electric car sharing still faces the challenge: 4.1 The financing constraints of pure electric car sharingproject
Because the first generation of pure electric vehicles cost ishigher,especiallyintheearlyperiodofthevehiclecost,laterbatteryreplacementcost, and the corresponding maintenance and insurance costs is the main
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