毕业设计（论文）
课题：发动机烧机油故障分析
目录
摘 要
随着生活水平的提高，汽车工业的迅猛发展和人民生活水平的日益提高，汽车开始走进千家万户。
在这同时汽车维修的工作量也越来越重了，汽车烧机油故障是非常普遍也是汽车中最常出现的故障之一。也本文主要介绍了活塞环的作用、结构、原理和类型；润滑系的组成；机油进入燃烧室的路径；汽车发动机烧机油会出现哪些现象；汽车发动机烧机油会有哪些危害；怎样判别汽车发动机烧机油的原因；烧机油的排除的具体方法和怎样预防发动机烧机油。
论文最后以汽车发动机烧机油故障检修的方法，对汽车发动机再深入探讨，以达到对汽车发动机润滑系系统，发动机工作原理的深入了解，并运用在实际工作中。
关键字：活塞环；润滑系；路径；烧机油
I
目录
Abstract
With the improvement of living standards, the rapid development of auto industry and people's living standard is increasing day by day, the car began to enter homes.
At the same time the car maintenance work more and more heavy, car burn the oil fault is very common in the car is also one of the most commonly occurs in the fault. Also this article mainly introduced the function of the piston ring, structure, principle and type; The composition of the lubrication system; The oil into the path of the combustion chamber; The car engine burn the oil will appear what phenomenon; The car engine burn the oil what harm; How to judge the car engine burn the oil reasons; Burn the oil out of the specific methods and how to prevent engine burn the oil.
The paper to the car engine burn the oil breakdown maintenance method, of automobile engine discussed again to the car engine lubrication system ,engine the deep understanding of the working principle, and used in the practical work.
Key Words：Piston rings ；lubrication system ；path ；Burn the oil
II
目录
目 录
摘 要 ..................................................................................................................................... I Abstract .....................................................................................................................................II 1 机油进入燃烧室的路径 .................................................................................................. VI
1.1 机油从缸体处进入燃烧室 ................................................................................... VI 1.2 机油从缸盖处进入燃烧室 ................................................................................... VI 1.3 机油进入燃烧室的危害及总结 ............................................................................ VII
1.3.1 危害 ........................................................................................................... VII 1.3.2 总结 ........................................................................................................... VII
2 活塞环 ................................................................................................................................ 1
2.1 活塞环的作用 ........................................................................................................... 1
2.1.1 密封 ................................................................................................................ 1 2.1.2 控制润滑油 .................................................................................................... 2 2.1.3 导热 ................................................................................................................ 3 2.1.4 支承导向 ........................................................................................................ 4 2.2 活塞环的工作原理 ................................................................................................. 5
2.2.1 气环的密封原理 .............................................................................................. 5 2.2.2 活塞环的密封原理总结 ................................................................................ 6 2.2.3 活塞环油环的原理 ........................................................................................ 7 2.3 活塞环的种类 ........................................................................................................... 7
2.3.1 气环 ................................................................................................................ 8 2.3.2 油环开口形状 ............................................................................................ 10 2.3.3 油环 ............................................................................................................ 11 2.3.4各种断面形状气环主要特点 ......................................................................... 13 2.4 活塞环的工作条件 ................................................................................................. 13
2.4.1 高温 .............................................................................................................. 13 2.4.2 高压 .............................................................................................................. 14 2.4.3 高速 .............................................................................................................. 14 2.4.4 变负荷 .......................................................................................................... 14 2.4.5 润滑困难 ...................................................................................................... 14 2.5 活塞环的材料要求 ................................................................................................. 14 3 润滑系的组成 .................................................................................................................. 15
III
目录
3.1 机油泵 ................................................................................................................... 16
3.1.1 齿轮式机油泵 ............................................................................................ 16 3.1.2 转子式机油泵 ............................................................................................ 17 3.2 机油滤清器 ........................................................................................................... 17
3.2.1 机油滤清器的功用 .................................................................................... 18 3.2.2 机油滤清器的结果及作用 ........................................................................ 18 3.3 机油散热器 ........................................................................................................... 18 4 烧机油的现象、危害及原因 .......................................................................................... 19
4.1 烧机油的现象 ......................................................................................................... 20 4.2 烧机油的危害 ....................................................................................................... 21 4.3 烧机油的原因 ....................................................................................................... 21
4.3.1 曲轴箱机油过量 ........................................................................................ 21 4.3.2 回油道堵塞 ................................................................................................ 21 4.3.3 活塞环失效 ................................................................................................ 22 4.3.4 活塞环错装 ................................................................................................ 22 4.3.5 气缸和活塞异常磨损 ................................................................................ 22 4.3.6 正时齿轮或链条磨损 ................................................................................ 23 4.3.7 摇臂轴安装颠倒 ........................................................................................ 23 4.3.8 气门油封损坏或漏装 ................................................................................ 23 4.3.9 进气歧管密封垫损坏 ................................................................................ 23 4.3.10 气缸盖垫漏油 .......................................................................................... 23 4.3.11 隔板或油气挡板丢失 .............................................................................. 23 4.3.12 轴承磨损或损坏 ...................................................................................... 24 4.3.13 气缸变形 .................................................................................................. 24 4.4 机油变少的其他原因 ........................................................................................... 24
4.4.1 正常的机油消耗量 .................................................................................... 24 4.4.2 漏机油 ........................................................................................................ 24
5 烧机油的排除方法及怎样预防烧机油 .......................................................................... 25
5.1 烧机油的排除方法 ............................................................................................... 25
5.1.1 凉车烧机油 ................................................................................................ 26 5.1.2 急加速烧机油 ............................................................................................ 26 5.1.3 随时烧机油 ................................................................................................ 26
IV