正确答案:prevent new settlers from being greatly involved in social activities
题目详解:根据问题中?When a group of immigrants became strong in its economy?的提示，从第一段的第三句中?As each group became more financially successful, and more powerful, they excluded newcomers from…（对比问题中的' prevent new settlers from'）当一个社会团体，在经济上成功了或更强大时，他们就会阻止新的社会团体加入到社会中来?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \new settlers from being greatly involved in social activities\符合题意。
3. According to the passage, which of the following is not true?
A . The problem of prejudice and discrimination in the United States won't be solved before long.
B . Prejudice and discrimination are part of the United States.
C . Blacks in the United States were among those who were worst discriminated. D . It was not easy for blacks to get accustomed to the American culture.
正确答案:Blacks in the United States were among those who were worst discriminated. 题目详解:根据问题中?which of the following is not true?的提示，从第一段最后一句中?nowhere more unjust than with black Americans（任何地方的人都不会遇到比美国黑人更加不公正的待遇）?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \in the United States were among those who were worst discriminated\符合题意。
4. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
A . prejudice and discrimination are more severe in the South than in the North
B . the government of the United States is not attaching great attention to the education of blacks
C . blacks are free people now, so they can enjoy equal rights as whites D . now there are more blacks living in the North than in the South
正确答案:prejudice and discrimination are more severe in the South than in the North 题目详解:根据问题中?It can be inferred from the passage?的提示，从第三段的第三、四句中?Prejudice…often associated with the South 和 … more common there and … was usually easier to see?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \severe in the South than in the North\符合题意。
5. By \education\
A . black children are slow in learning in their own neighborhood
B . black children are required to receive an education of a different culture C . black children are severely discriminated in their own neighborhood D . black children can't enjoy adequate education if they don't go far
正确答案:black children can't enjoy adequate education if they don't go far
题目详解:根据问题中?By \… means?的提示，从第四段中?fought to gain fair treatment, not adequate for, the best possible education?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \children can't enjoy adequate education if they don't go far\符合题意。
Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval (between AD 1,100 and 1,500) worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term \century did silent reading become commonplace. One should be careful, however, in assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a distraction to others. Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character. The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of potential listeners decreased, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers. Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and were replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and magazines for a specialized readership on the other. By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term \implied.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Why was reading aloud common before the nineteenth century? A . People relied on reading for entertainment.
B . There were few places available for private reading. C . Silent reading had not been discovered. D . Few people could read for themselves.
正确答案:Few people could read for themselves.
题目详解:根据问题中?Why was reading aloud common?的提示，从第三段中?increase in literacy（文化水平的提高），the number of readers（读者数量的增加）. The number of
potential listeners 听者数量的减少?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \themselves\符合题意。
2. The development of silent reading during the nineteenth century indicated ______. A . an increase in the average age of readers B . a change in the status of literate people C . an increase in the number of books D . a change in the nature of reading
正确答案:a change in the nature of reading
题目详解:根据问题中?The development of silent reading?的提示，从第二段中?… should be careful… simply because… the usual mode of reading ..the tasks themselves changed in character 不要认为无声阅读的问世是因为有声阅读分散了人们的注意力，而是阅读任务本身发生了变化?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \符合题意。
3. Educationalists are still arguing about ______. A . the importance of silent reading
B . the amount of information yielded by books and newspapers C . the value of different types of reading material D . the effects of reading on health
正确答案:the value of different types of reading material
题目详解:根据问题中?Educationalists are still arguing?的提示，从第四段中?…considerable argument over 大量的关于书、阅读材料对获取信息方面的争论… whatever its virtues 无论优点如何 …the old shared literacy culture… by the printed mass media… by books and magazines for a specialized readership 古老的文化已被印刷品取而代之，为掌握专业知识被书籍和杂志取而代之?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \material\符合题意。
4. The emergence of the mass media and of specialized reading material showed that _____.
A . educationalists' attitudes had changed B . printing techniques had improved C . standards of literacy had gone down D . readers' interests had become varied
正确答案:readers' interests had become varied
题目详解:根据问题中?The emergence of the mass media and of specialized reading material?的提示，从第五段中?…inappropriate, if not impossible, …（读者应该掌握，如果有可能的话，适合于专业阅读而不是口语的阅读技能?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \interests had become varied \符合题意。
5. What is the writer of this passage attempting to do? A . Encourage the growth of reading.
B . Explain how present-day reading habits developed. C . Show how reading methods have improved. D . Change people's attitudes to reading.
正确答案:Explain how present-day reading habits developed.
题目详解:根据问题中?attempting to do?的提示，从第一段中?a modern activity … almost unknown to, …meant reading aloud…silent reading …（现在的阅读方法是古人不知到的。十五世纪的阅读指的是有声阅读，而无声阅读是在十九世纪问世的）显然说明了作者要通过\有声阅读\和\无声阅读\的对比来说明读书习惯的形成?提供的信息判断，选项中的\how present-day reading habits developed\符合题意。
Human wants seem endless. When a starving man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when an executive gets a new sports car, visions of country clubs and pleasure boats dance into view. The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of wants, another level appears. The first and most basic level of wants involves food. Once this want is satisfied, a second level of wants appears clothing and some sort of shelter. By the end of World War 11 these wants were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses. By 1957 or 1958 this third level of wants was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s a fourth level of wants appeared: the \－the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation of the human body－this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called \the best medical and dental care, and entertainment. Also included here are fancy foods and the latest styles in clothing. On the fourth level, a greater percentage of consumers' spending goes to services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of wants as their income increased, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level? A fifth level probably would involve wants that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.
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1. According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when ____.
A . he has learned to build houses B . he has saved up enough money
C . he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter D . he has satisfied his hunger
正确答案:he has satisfied his hunger
题目详解:根据问题中?man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when?的提示，从第三段第一句中?The first and most basic level of wants?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \符合题意。
2. It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of World War 11 most Americans ____.
A . lived in poverty
B . didn't own automobiles C . were very rich
D . hahad the good things on the first three levels
正确答案:didn't own automobiles
题目详解:根据问题中?by the end of World War 11 most Americans?的提示，从第三段最后两句中?Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses?提供的信息判断，选项中 \符合题意。
3. Which of the following is NOT related to \A . A cozy home. B . A good garage. C . A successful career. D . A family car.
正确答案:A successful career.
题目详解:根据问题中?NOT related to \?的提示，从第3段中?… food. …a second level of wants appears clothing and some sort of shelter. …Then a third level appeared….such items as automobiles and new houses.?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \successful career\符合题意。
4. What is the main concern of man on the fourth level? A . The more earnings the better.
B . The more \. C . The more goods the better.
D . The more mental satisfaction the better.