Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval (between AD 1,100 and 1,500) worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term \become commonplace. One should be careful, however, in assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a distraction to others. Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character. The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of potential listeners decreased, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers. Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and were replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and magazines for a specialized readership on the other. By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term \
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1. Why was reading aloud common before the nineteenth century? A . Silent reading had not been discovered.
B . There were few places available for private reading. C . People relied on reading for entertainment. D . Few people could read for themselves.
提交的答案:Few people could read for themselves. 正确答案:Few people could read for themselves.
题目详解:根据问题中?Why was reading aloud common?的提示，从第三段中?increase in literacy（文化水平的提高），the number of readers（读者数量的增加）. The number of potential listeners 听者数量的减少?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \符合题意。
2. The development of silent reading during the nineteenth century indicated ______. A . an increase in the average age of readers
B . an increase in the number of books C . a change in the status of literate people D . a change in the nature of reading
提交的答案:a change in the nature of reading 正确答案:a change in the nature of reading
题目详解:根据问题中?The development of silent reading?的提示，从第二段中?… should be careful… simply because… the usual mode of reading ..the tasks themselves changed in character 不要认为无声阅读的问世是因为有声阅读分散了人们的注意力，而是阅读任务本身发生了变化?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \符合题意。
3. Educationalists are still arguing about ______. A . the importance of silent reading B . the effects of reading on health
C . the amount of information yielded by books and newspapers D . the value of different types of reading material
提交的答案:the value of different types of reading material 正确答案:the value of different types of reading material
题目详解:根据问题中?Educationalists are still arguing?的提示，从第四段中?…considerable argument over 大量的关于书、阅读材料对获取信息方面的争论… whatever its virtues 无论优点如何 …the old shared literacy culture… by the printed mass media… by books and magazines for a specialized readership 古老的文化已被印刷品取而代之，为掌握专业知识被书籍和杂志取而代之?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \符合题意。
4. The emergence of the mass media and of specialized reading material showed that _____. A . educationalists' attitudes had changed B . readers' interests had become varied C . standards of literacy had gone down D . printing techniques had improved
提交的答案:readers' interests had become varied 正确答案:readers' interests had become varied
题目详解:根据问题中?The emergence of the mass media and of specialized reading material?的提示，从第五段中?…inappropriate, if not impossible, …（读者应该掌握，如果有可能的话，适合于专业阅读而不是口语的阅读技能?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \interests had become varied \符合题意。
5. What is the writer of this passage attempting to do? A . Explain how present-day reading habits developed.
B . Encourage the growth of reading.
C . Show how reading methods have improved. D . Change people's attitudes to reading.
提交的答案:Explain how present-day reading habits developed. 正确答案:Explain how present-day reading habits developed.
题目详解:根据问题中?attempting to do?的提示，从第一段中?a modern activity … almost unknown to, …meant reading aloud…silent reading …（现在的阅读方法是古人不知到的。十五世纪的阅读指的是有声阅读，而无声阅读是在十九世纪问世的）显然说明了作者要通过\有声阅读\和\无声阅读\的对比来说明读书习惯的形成?提供的信息判断，选项中的\how present-day reading habits developed\符合题意。
More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap big reward. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment. It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck. Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged, but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of .how he juggled (诈骗) the most confidential records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.
1.It can be concluded from the passage that ________ . A . it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today
B . computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions C . computer criminals escape punishment because they can't-be detected D . people commit computer crimes at the request of their company
提交的答案:computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions
正确答案:computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions
题目详解:依据问题中?It can be concluded from the passage?的提示，从第1段第2句中?Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap big reward.?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \operation of financial institutions\符合题意。
2.It is implied in the third paragraph that _______ . A . the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem B . many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered C . most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes D . most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck
提交的答案:many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered 正确答案:many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered
题目详解:根据问题中?It is implied in the third paragraph?的提示，从第3段第1句中?no statistics on crimes that go undetected（虽然没有资料表明没有被发现的犯罪活动，但确实知道有多少犯罪活动是在…发现的）\提供的信息判断，选项中的 \more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered\符合题意。
3.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage? A . Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information.
B . Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes to protect their reputation. C . A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced.
D . A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced.
提交的答案:Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes to protect their reputation.
正确答案:Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes to protect their reputation.
题目详解:根据问题中?Which of the following is mentioned?的提示，从最后1段的第1句中?Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \符合题意。
4.What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught? A . They will be denied access to confidential records. B . They may walk away and easily find another job. C . With a bad reputation they can hardly find another job. D . They must leave the country or go to jail.
提交的答案:They may walk away and easily find another job. 正确答案:They may walk away and easily find another job.
题目详解:根据问题中?once they are caught?的提示，从第三段的最后一句中?All too often, their demands have been met?和第四段最后一句?And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \walk away and easily find another job\符合题意。
5.The passage is mainly about _______. A . how computer criminals manage to get good recommendations from their former employers B . why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspections C . why computer crimes can't be eliminated
D . why computer criminals are often able to escape punishment
提交的答案: how computer criminals manage to get good recommendations from their former employers