I didn’t go to the cinema last night . instead, I watched a football match on
TV.
The boy didn’t sing to the music . Instead , he sang his own way . ( 2 ) 位于句尾, 表示 ― 作为代替, 而是‖
Mr smith was ill , so mr green was taking his class instead . I don’t like this one , please give me that instead .
instead of 后跟名词, 代词, 动名词, 介词短语.表示 ― 代替, 而不是‖ I have come instead of my brother . He is ill .
We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator ( 电梯 ) . He studies in the evening instead of during the day . 15. enter (1) 参加 == take part in \\ join
More than one thousand sportsmen entered \\ took part in the games . My brother hopes to enter \\ join the army next year . ( 2 ) 进入 ==come into \\ go into
She entered\\ came into the room with these words . Did you see someone enter \\ go into the house ? 16. encourage 动词, 鼓励, 激励 encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 Parents should encourage children to do things by themselves . Our English teacher encourages us to keep a dairy in English . 17. progress 名词, ― 进步, 进展‖ make progress ―取得进步, 取得进展‖ My parents are pleased with my progress in lessons . Tom is now making much \\ great progress at school . They made no progress in the heavy snow . 18. suggest 动词, 建议, 提议. 后跟名词, 代词, 动名词和从句
21
she suggested a way out of the difficulty . he suggested going home . who suggested you staying here ? I suggested we ( should ) hold a meeting .
19. take an interest in ( doing ) sth. 对 ( 做 )某事感兴趣
否定表达是 take no interest in ( doing ) sth. 对 ( 做 )某事不感兴趣
Do you take an interest in English ? Most children take an interest in playing computer games . He takes no interest in playing basketball . be \\ become interested in ( doing ) sth对 ( 做 )某事感兴趣
I’m deeply interested in swimming . She became interested in singing when she was only 7 years old . 20. Three good ways of improving English are mentioned .
提到了三种提高英语的好方法.
of improving English是介词短语作定语修饰ways . 它相当与 动词不定式. Three good ways of improving English are mentioned . === Three good ways to improve English are mentioned . Can you find a way to work out the problem ? ==Can you find a way of working out the problem ? Fast is another way of saying quick . == Fast is another way to say quick . Mention (1) 动词, ― 提到, 提及, 说起 ‖
as mentioned above 如上所述
He often mentioned his past to me . 22
Nobody mentioned anything to me about it . Did she mention where she was going ? You mentioned in your letter that you might be moving abroad . As mentioned above , there are many good ways to learn English well . ( 2 ) 名词, ― 提及, 说起 ‖
The newspaper made no mention of him . 21. make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友 Would you like to make friends with us ? I find it difficult to make friends with Ben .
二. 形容词、 副词 一、形容词
（一）形容词的含义：表示人或事物的特征、性质、状态的词叫形容词。 （二）形容词的用法及位置：
1．作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。 The nice girl is my sister .
I have something important to tell you .
2. 少数形容只能作表语不能作定语：alone , afraid , ill , asleep , awake , alive , well 。 3.作表语，放在系动词之后。 He looks happy .
4. 作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make , leave , keep 等动词连用。 You must keep your eyes closed . Don’t make your hands dirty . 5. 某些形容词放在定冠词the之后，表示一类人。常见的词有：good , bad , rich , poor , young , old , deaf , blind , black , white , living , dead 。
23
The young should be polite to the old . Please don’t laugh at the poor . 6. 某些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式（to + 动词原形）： glad , happy , pleased be
sorry , sad , sure , kind + to do sth . ready , afraid , able easy , difficult
(三) 形容词比较级和最高级的构成： 1．规则变化
（1）一般情况，直接在词尾加er \\ est 。 (2) 以不发音的字母e结尾时， 加 r \\ st 。
（3）以―辅音字母 +y ‖结尾时， 把y变为 i ，再加er \\ est 。 ( 4) 部分形容词，先双写最后一个辅音字母，再加er \\ est 。 big , hot, fat , thin , red ,
(5) 部分形容词， 在前面加 more \\ most 。
beautiful , careful , important , delicious , difficult , dangerous (6) 以ly结尾的形容词，在前面加more \\ most 。
friendly(友好的) , lonely（孤独的） , lovely（可爱的） Likely（有希望的） , daily （日常的）, lively （有生气的） 2. 不规则变化
good \\ well --- better--- best many \\ much --- more--- most bad \\ ill --- worse --- worst little --- less --- least
far ---farther (较远的) \\ further (进一步的) ---farthest (最远的) \\ furthest （最大程度的）
24
old ---older(年纪较大的) \\ elder（年纪最大的）---oldest（较年长的）\\ eldest (最年长的)
(四) 形容词原级的用法：
1．说明人或事物自身的性质、特征或状态时用形容词原形。 The flowers in the garden are beautiful . 2. 有表示程度的副词very , so , too, enough , quite 等修饰时，用形容词原形。 The boy is too young .
3.表示A与B在某方面程度相同或不同时，用形容词原形。
肯定句：A + 动词 + as + 形容词原形 + as + B 。
English is as interesting as Chinese . Xiao Ming is as tall as Jim .
否定句：A + 动词 + not as \\ so+ 形容词原形 + as + B 。
This book is not as \\ so new as that one .
I am not so careful as Lucy .
否定句的结构相当于 A + 动词 + less + 形容词原形 + than + B 。 He thinks Chinese is less interesting than English .
4. 表示―A 是B 的几倍‖： A +动词+ 倍数+ as + 形容词原形 + as + B 。 Our school is three times as big as theirs . This table is twice as long as that one .
5．“A + 动词 +Half + as + 形容词原形 +as + B”表示“A是B的一半” Her room is half as big as yours . (五)、形容词比较级的用法：
1．表示两者进行比较时，用形容词比较级：A + 动词+ 形容词比较级 + than + B
Lily’s room is bigger than mine .
25