科技汉语常用动词的英译法：
1. 表明, 表示, 说明, 证明
表明: show, indicate, denote, signify Calculations indicate that...
Preliminary results indicate that... Recent study has indicated that... The available data indicate that Experience has shown that... Present results show that...
Previouse work has shown that... This investigation shows that...
表示: show, indicate, express, demonstrate, illustrate, represent Fig. 2 demonstrates/shows/indicates/illustrates that...
In the diagram, plump lines represent the observed results. 说明: show, explain, illustrate, interpret explain how a machine works to be illustrated by examples
The result shows clearly that this procedure is correct.
To interpret electrical phenomena we must examine the structure of matter. 证明: show, prove
as analyses show that... 分析证明 as fact showed that... It goes to prove that...
It has been proved that... 一切证明
There has been evidence that... 已经证明
Countless facts have proved this point 无数事实证明了这一点 证实: confirm, verify, support remain to be confirmed 有待证实 verify a scientific hypothesis It supports the fact that
Equation(1-7) can be easily verified by differentiating equation (1-6)
2. 获得, 得到, 得出结论
获得: \获得\的宾语多是抽象的事物 win liberation win the first prize
win acclaim/earn favourable comment 获得好评 achieve great success acquire knowledge
In order to obtain a higher temperature it is necessary to raise the pressure. 得到: \得到\的宾语多是具体的东西 get, obtain, gain
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get timely medical treatment
By studying the sketch, we can get an idea of the operation of a simple laser. 研究一下简图, 我们就能对简单激光器的操作得到一个概念。 得出结论: reach/draw/form/make a conclusion come to a conclusion arrive at a conclusion conclude
What conclusion did you draw from the investigation.
They concluded after investigation that this region was not poor in oil.
3. 构成, 组成, 包括
构成: form, constitute, compose, make up 组成: form, make up, compose, constitute
包括: include, comprise, consist of, incorporate 应注意以下几点:
①如果主语是构成的整体 compose 要用被动语态, 如果主语是构成整体的部分 compose 要用主动语态:
误: The sea mainly composes water and salt. 正:The sea is mainly composed of water and salt. ②Hydrogen and oxygen make water. ③Every five persons constitute a group.
④The presidium consists of 148 delegates. 主席团由 148 人组成。
⑤consist of 表示\由......组成\consist 是不及物动词, 虽然在汉语看来像被动语态, 但在英语却是主动语态。由于此词是不及物动词不能用被动语态。
⑥comprise 是一个双面动词, 其主语既可以是构成的整体, 也可以是构成的部分。此词不用被动语态。
Our course of study comprises five subjects. or
Five subjects comprise our course of study.
4. 利用, 使用, 应用
利用: use, make use of, employ, exploit, utilize
New technology must be developed to exploit the new resources. Make full use of the latest achievement in science and technology. 使用: use, make use of, employ
The new machine has come into use. \行为的主体是物
The new machine has been put into use/operation. \行为的主体是人 应用: apply (+ to)
applied science 应用科学 apply theory to practice
5. 检查, 检验, 试验 检查: examine check up, look over
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Steam lines should be checked for corrosion.
Look over your excercises before handing them in. 检验: test, inspect, judge
Strictly examine the quility of the products.
To interpret electrical phenomena we must examine the structure of matter. 试验: 试: try 验: test
He tried his new method on oxygen 他用氧试验他的新方法。 A pulsed laser system has been tested on a satellite.
6. 查, 查对, 查明, 查阅
查: 查字典: look up, read up, consult, find out 误: look up a dictionary
正: look up a word in a dictionary 正: consult a dictionary
查资料: read up the literature Find out the cause of the accident! 查对: check, verify check the data
verified/examined and found correct 查明: prove, find out find out the truth
It has been established that.../investigation reveals that
find out how something started and developed 查明某事的来龙去脉 查阅: consult technical data/look up technical literature He looked through a number of journals.
7. 完成, 完结, 完工
完成: complete, be ready, accomplish, fulfil, finish complete one's mission accomplish a task fulfil the state plan
完结: end, be over, finish
This is not the end of the matter.
完工: complete a project, finish doing sth., get through It took only one month to complete the bridge. finish a piece of writing/ complete the manuscript
8. 讨论, 商量, 商榷, 探讨
讨论: discuss sth., (talk sth. over with sb.)
Electricity production is discussed later in detail. 商量: consult sb.. talk sth. over with sb.
Consult the masses when matters arise. 有事与群众商量
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We ought to talk it over with Mr.Smith. 商榷: dicuss, deliberate with sb. over sth.
This point is open to question 这一点值得商榷。 Here are a few points I wish to discuss with you. 探讨: look/enquire/probe/ go into, approach approach a subject from different angles
生理学词汇
消化（digestion）和吸收（absorption）、
慢波电位（slow wave potential）或基本电节律（basic electricalrhythm）、 胃肠激素（gastrointestinal hormone）、 脑-肠肽（brain-gut peptide）、 蠕动（peristalsis）、
粘液-碳酸氢盐屏障（mucus-bicarbonate barrier）、 肠胃反射（entero-gastric reflex）、 容受性舒张（receptive relaxation）、 胃排空（gastric emptying）、
胆盐的肠肝循环（enterohepatic circulation of bile salts）、 分节运动（segmentation contraction）、 集团蠕动（mass peristalsis） 能量代谢（energy metabolism）
食物的热价（themal equivalent of food）
食物的氧热价（thermal equivalent of oxygen） 呼吸商（respiratory quotient） 基础代谢(basal metabolism)
基础代谢率(basal metabolism rate, BMR) 体温(body temperature)
战栗产热(shivering thermogenisis)
非战栗产热(non-shivering thermogenesis) 辐射散热(thermal radiation) 传导散热(thermal conduction) 对流散热(them1a1 convection) 蒸发散热(evaporation)
不感蒸发(insensible perspiration)
发汗(sweating)或可感蒸发(sendbie evaporation) 热敏神经元(warm-sensitive neuron) 冷敏神经元(cold-sensitive neuron) 肾单位（ nephron）
肾小球滤过率（glomerular filtration rate, GFR） 滤过分数（fildtrationfraction）
有效滤过压（effective filtration pressure） 水利尿（water diuresis）
渗透性利尿（osmotic diuresis） 重吸收( reabsoption)
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管-球反馈（tubuloglomerular feedback） 滤过平衡（filtration equilibrium） 清除率（clearance）
球-管平衡（ glomerulotubular balance）
肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统（renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system） 感受器(receptor)、感觉器官 适宜刺激（adequate stimulus）
换能作用、感受器电位（receptor potential） 发生器电位（generator potential） 编码作用（coding） 适应现象（adaptation） 简化眼（reduced eye） 视敏度（visual acuity）
眼的调节（visual accommodation） 正视眼、近点(near point of vision) 近视（myopia） 远视（hyperopia） 散光（astimatism）
老视、瞳孔对光反射、互感性对光反射、夜盲症（nyctalopia） 暗适应（dark adaptation） 明适应（light adaptation） 视野（visual field）
听阈（hearing threshold）
最大可听阈、听域、气导（air conduction） 骨导（bone conduction）
耳蜗微音器电位（microphonic potential） 前庭反应、眼震颤（nystagmus） 神经元（neuron）
神经冲动（nerve impulse）
轴浆运输（axoplasmic transport） 突触后电位（postsynaptic potential） 兴奋性突触后电位（EPSP） 抑制性突触后电位（IPSP）
突触后抑制（postsynaptic inhibition） 突触前抑制（presynaptic inhibition） 突触前易化(presynaptic facilitation) 突触延搁(synaptic delay)
电突触传递（electric synaptic transmission） 神经递质（neurotransmitter） 胆碱能纤维（cholinergic fiber） 肾上腺素能纤维（adrenergic fiber）
特异性投射系统（specific projection system）
非特异性投射系统（non- specific projection system） 皮层诱发电位（evoked cortical potential）
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