一、例子........................................................................................................................................... 3 二、Input输入模块 ......................................................................................................................... 4
1、problem definition问题定义模块 ...................................................................................... 4
1.1、description基本描写 ............................................................................................... 5 2、 application options(程序运行环境选择) .................................................................... 5
2.1、Hot side application(热流运行环境) .................................................................. 6 2.2、Condensation curve冷凝曲线 ................................................................................. 6 2.3、Condenser type冷凝器类型 .................................................................................... 6 2.4、Cod side application(冷流运行环境) ................................................................. 7 2.5、Location of hot fluid流程安排(热流位置) ........................................................ 7 2.6、Program mode(程序模式选择:设计、优化、模拟) ...................................... 7 3、process data物流参数输入 ................................................................................................ 8
3.1、Fluid name(流体名称) ........................................................................................ 8 3.2、Fluid quantity, total(热或冷流体总流速) ........................................................... 8 3.3、Temperature冷热流体进出口温度 ......................................................................... 8 3.4、Operating Pressure(absolute) 绝对操作压力 ......................................................... 9 3.5、Heat exchanged交换热量 ....................................................................................... 9 3.6、allowable pressure drop允许的压力降 ................................................................... 9 3.7、fouling resistance污垢热阻................................................................................... 10 4、热平衡计算环境 ............................................................................................................... 11 5、 Physical Property Data物理特性数据 ........................................................................... 11
(1)Property Option(特性程序选择——一般默认) ............................................. 12 (2) Hot Side Composition热物质组成(若未知可不输) .................................... 12 (3)Hot Side Properties(热物流特性) .................................................................... 13 (4)cold side composition(冷物流组成——与前热物流组成一样) .................... 13 (5) cold side properties(冷物流特性) .................................................................. 13 6、 Exchanger Geometry(结构参数) ............................................................................... 13
6.1 exchanger Type(换热器类型) .............................................................................. 14
(1)Front head type(换热器前端管箱) .......................................................... 14 (3)Rear head type(后端结构) ....................................................................... 17 (4)exchanger position(换热器水平还是垂直安装) ..................................... 18 (5)cover密封(盖子)面类型(工艺计算没必要提供) ............................. 18 (6)Tubesheet type管板形式 .............................................................................. 18 (7)Tube to tubesheet joint管子与管板的连接(工艺不关键)...................... 19 6.2 Tubes(换热管) ..................................................................................................... 19
(1)Tube type(管子类型) ............................................................................... 19 (2)Tube outside diameter(管子外径) ........................................................... 20 (3)Tube wall thickness(管子壁厚) ............................................................... 21 (4)Tube wall roughness(管子粗糙度) .......................................................... 21 (5)Tube wall Specification(管子壁厚计算指定) ......................................... 21 (6)Tube pich管心距 .......................................................................................... 22 (7)Tube material管子材质 ................................................................................ 22 (8)Tube pattem换热管的排列 .......................................................................... 22 (9)翅片管相关数据 ........................................................................................... 23
(a)Fin density翅片密度 ............................................................................ 23 (b)Fin height翅片高度.............................................................................. 24 (c)Fin thickness翅片厚度 ......................................................................... 24 (d)Surface area per unit length每单位管长的表面积 .............................. 24 (e)Outside/Inside surface area ratio外内表面积比 .................................. 24 (f)Twisted Tape Ratio扭带比 ................................................................... 24 (g)Twisted Tape Width纽带宽 ................................................................. 24 (h)Tapered tube ends for knockback condensers ....................................... 24
6.3 Bundle结构参数限定 .............................................................................................. 25
(1)shell entrance/exit壳体入口/出口 ................................................................ 25 (2)Provide disengagement space in shell (pool boilers only) 提供气体空间(只对锅炉使用) ......................................................................................................... 26 (3)Percent of shell diameter for disengagement 指定空间相对于壳体直径的百分比 ......................................................................................................................... 27 (4)Impingement(壳体入口设置防冲板或导流板) ...................................... 27
(a)壳程设置防冲板或导流板的条件 ....................................................... 27 (b)Impingement protection type防冲挡板及导流板类型 ........................ 27 (d)Impingement plate diameter防冲板直径 ............................................. 28 (e)Impingement plate length and width防冲挡板的长度和宽度 ............ 29 (f)Impingement plate thickness防冲挡板的厚度 ..................................... 29 (g)Impingement distance from shell ID壳体内侧到防冲挡板的距离 .... 29 (h)Impingement clearance to tube edge防冲挡板到第一排换热管的距离 ......................................................................................................................... 29 (i)Impingement plate perforation area %导流板穿孔面积百分数 ........... 29 (3) Layout Options布置 ................................................................................... 29
(a)Pass layout布置 .................................................................................... 29 (b)Design symmetrical tube layout对称布管选项 ................................... 30 (c)Maximum % deviation in tubes per pass每程管子的最大偏差 .......... 30 (d)Number of tie rods拉杆数 .................................................................... 31 (e)Number of sealing strip pairs密封条对数 ............................................ 32 (f)Minimum u-bend diameterU型管最小的直径 ..................................... 32 (g)Pass partition lane width隔板间距 ............................................................ 33 (h)Location of center tube in 1st row第一排管中心位置 .............................. 34 (i)Outer tube limit diameter布管限定圆直径(设计过程无用) ........... 34 (4)Layout Limits布置的限定 ........................................................................... 35
(a)Open space between shell ID and outermost tube壳体内径与最外侧换热管的间距 ..................................................................................................... 35 (b)Distance from tube center换热管管中心与中心线之间的距离 ......... 36 (5) Clearances空隙尺寸 .................................................................................. 36
(a)Shell ID to baffle OD壳体内径与折流板外径的距离 ........................ 36 (b)Baffle OD to outer tube limit折流板外径到最外侧换热管之间的距离 ......................................................................................................................... 36 (c)Baffle tube hole to tube OD折流板管孔到换热管外径之间的距离 .. 36
6.4 Baffles折流板 .......................................................................................................... 37
(1) Baffle type折流板类型 .......................................................................... 38 (2)Baffle cut(% of diameter)折流板切割率 ...................................................... 40 (3)Baffle cut orientation折流板切割方向 ........................................................ 40 6.5 Tube supports(支承板) ........................................................................................ 41
(1)Number of Intermediate Supports中间支承数(折流板中支承板数) .... 41 6.6Rod Baffes折流杆 ..................................................................................................... 44 6.7 Rating/Simulation Data ............................................................................................. 44 6.8 Nozzles(接管) ...................................................................................................... 45 6.9 热虹吸换热 .............................................................................................................. 58 7、Design Data设计数据 ...................................................................................................... 58
7.1 design Constraints设计参数约束 ............................................................................ 59
(1)Shell/Bundle(壳程/约束) ......................................................................... 59
(a)、Shell diameter壳体直径 ..................................................................... 59 (b)、Tube length换热管长 ......................................................................... 59 (c)、Tube passes管程数 ............................................................................. 60 (d)、Baffle折流板间距 .............................................................................. 61 (e)、Use shell ID or OD as reference以内径还是外径为参考(一般为默认) ................................................................................................................. 61 (f)、Use pipe or plate for small shells指定小直径壳程使用无缝钢管还是有封钢板 ......................................................................................................... 62 (g)、Minimum shells in series最少的换热器个数 .................................... 62 (h)、Minimum shells in parallel换热器壳程数 ......................................... 62 (i)、Allowable number of baffles折流板数限制(一般默认) .............. 62 (j)、Allow baffles under nozzles管口下是否允许放置折流板 ............... 63 (k)、Use proportional baffle cut使用比例切割折流板(一般默认) ..... 63 (2)Process过程.................................................................................................. 64
(a)、Allowable pressure drop允许的压力降 ............................................. 64 (b)管内流速 ............................................................................................... 65
7.2 材料 .......................................................................................................................... 87
三、其它手动设计 ......................................................................................................................... 96
1、筒体厚度 ........................................................................................................................... 96
第三章 换热器设计
一、例子
已知混合气体的流量为227801kg/h,压力为6.9Mpa,循环冷却水的压力为0.4Mpa,循环
水入口温度29℃,出口温度39℃,试设计一台列管式换热器,完成该任务。 混合气体在85℃下有如下物性:热容cp1=3.297kJ/kg·℃,导热系数λ=0.0279w/m·℃,粘度μ=0.000015Pa·s,密度ρ=90kg/m^3。循环冷却水在34℃下有如下物性:热容cp1=4.174kJ/kg·℃,导热系数λ=0.624w/m·℃,粘度μ=0.000742Pa·s,密度ρ=994.3kg/m^3。
二、Input输入模块
1、problem definition问题定义模块
1.1、description基本描写
(1)标题(Heading) 公司(company) 地址(location)
服务对象(Service of Unit)、本单位联系人(our Reference) 项目编号(item No)、对方单位联系人(Your Reference) 日期(date)等。 (2)物流名称
热流(Hot side) 冷流(Cold side) (3)备注(Remarks)
2、 application options(程序运行环境选择)