初中八种英语时态精讲精练
一 般 现 在 时
一、用法
1．表示经常发生的动作、行为或存在的状态。
常用的时间状语有：often, usually, always, every day/week/month/year, sometimes, seldom，once a week, twice a week, on Sundays等。 I go to school every day. 2．表示主语的身份或特征。His father is a doctor. Tom is tall.
3．表示一种客观事实或普遍真理。The earth is round. The sun is bigger than the moon. 4．在条件状态从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。
If you don’t go soon, you’ll be late. 如果你不快去的话，你就要迟到了。 二、构成
动词一般现在时，除主语为单数第三人称以外，谓语动词一律用原形，若主语为第三人称单数，则谓语动词的词尾应发生变化（加-s或-es）。 1．在动词原形后加-s run→ runs
2．以ch, sh, s, o, x结尾的动词后加-es guesses, fixes, teaches, washes, goes 3．以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先将y变为i，再加-es try→ tries 4．以元音字母+y结尾的动词后加-s stay→ stays 5. have-has 三、一般现在时的句型变化。 1. 肯定句
（1）主语+ am / is / are +表语They are new students. I am tall. He is from Japan. am is are 用法口诀：I用am，you 用are，is 连着他、她、它；单数用is , 复数一律都用are。 （2）a. 主语+实义动词+其它 I read English every morning.
b. 单三人称主语+实义动词单三人称+其它He usually goes to school by bike. 2. 否定句
（1）主语 +am / is / are + not +表语 She is not a nurse.
（2）a. 主语 +don’t +动词原形 +其它如：I don’t play soccer after school.
b.单三人称主语+doesn’t +动词原形+其它 He doesn’t go to the park after school. 3. 一般疑问句
（1）Am / Is / Are +主语 +表语？ Is your mother a teacher? （2）a. Do + 主语 +动词原形 +其它 ？ Do you speak English?
b. Does +单三人称主语+动词原形+其它？Does your brother have a wide mouth? 4. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句？What time does your mother get up every day? 专项练习题
一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式
1. study ________ 2. play ________3. watch _____ 4. wash _______5. have _______ 6. ride _______7. take _______8. worry_______9. help _______10. say ________
11.put ________12. teach ________13. fly ________14. eat ________15. go _______ 16. guess ______17. read _______ 18. do _______19. call ________20. cry ________
1-5 studies, plays, watches, washes, has 6-10. rides, takes, worries, helps, says 11-15 puts, teaches, flies, eats, goes 16-20 guesses, reads, does, calls, cries 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. He often ______(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _____(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick ______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _____ they ____(like) the World Cup? 6. What ____they often ____(do) on Saturdays? 7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening. 10. The moon ________ (travel) round the earth.
11. It usually ________ (take) me more than two hours to finish my homework. 12. I will tell him the good news as soon as he ________ (come) back. 13. Miss Gao is very busy. She ________ (sleep) six hours a day.
14. Look! Susan ________ (dance) in the garden. She often ________ (dance) there. 15. The children will go to the Summer Palace if it ________ (not rain) tomorrow. 16. I _________ any pears (not have). But Mary _________ some (have).
17. What language ____ you _____? (speak) 18. My brother _____ to be a scientist. (not like)
19. We ______ Japanese at school. (not study) 20. He _____ playing football. (not like)
1. has 2. are 3. don’t have 4. doesn’t go 5. Do like 6. do, do 7. Do, read 8. teaches 9. take 10. travels 11. takes 12. comes 13. sleeps 14. is dancing, dances 15. doesn’t rain 16. don’t have, has 17. do, speak 18. doesn’t like 19. don’t study 20. doesn’t like 三、按照要求改写句子
1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)_________________________ 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，并作肯、否定回答) ________________________________________________________
3. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，并作肯、否定回答) ___________________________________________________
4. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)____________________________ 5. Sun Yang usually washes some clothes on Saturday. 否定句: _____________ 一般疑问句: ________________ 划线提问: ____________ 6. Tom does his homework at home. 否定句: ______________ 一般疑问句: ____________ 划线提问_____________
1. Daniel doesn’t watch TV every evening.
2. Do you do your homework every day? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
3. Does Amy like playing computer games? Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t. 4. We don’t go to school every morning.
5. Sun Yang doesn’t usually wash any clothes on Saturday. Does Sun Yang usually wash any clothes on Saturday? What does Sun Yang usually do on Saturday?
6. Tom doesn’t do his homework at home. Does Tom do his homework at home? Where does Tom do his homework?
四、选用所给的词语适当形式填空give, rain, enjoy, sing, return, borrow, keep 1. It often ______ in my hometown in summer. 2. Sometimes the birds _______ in the tree. 3. Joe usually ____ books from the school library, but she never _____ them on time. 4. May I ________ the dictionary for a week?
5. The little boy ________ himself in the garden on Saturdays.
6. Mary is a good girl. She often ________ me a hand when I need some help. 1. rains 2. sing 3. borrows, returns 4. keep 5. enjoys 6. gives
一般过去时的用法
一、定义：表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态；表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。经常与yesterday, the day before yesterday（前天）last week
（month ,year）,two months ago, in 1990, in those days , long long ago=once upon a time just now(刚才) at the age of 5等表示过去的时间状语连用。
如： I was born in 1990. When did you go to the park? I went to the park last week.
二、构成：
1.Be 动词(在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词) am is ―was; are―were. 肯定句：主语+was (were) +宾语 如：I was late yesterday.
否定句：主语+was (were) +not+宾语 如：We weren't late yesterday.
疑问句：Was (Were) +主语+宾语 如： Were you ill yesterday? Yes, I was. No, I wasn't. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+宾语如：When were you born? 2．实义动词的一般过去时态
肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用didn’t , did.
肯定句为：主语+动词过去式+宾语 如： I went home at nine o'clock yesterday. 否定句：主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语 如：I didn't go home yesterday.
疑问句Did +主语+动词原形+宾语Did you go home yesterday? Yes, I did. No, I didn't. 3．动词的过去式构成。规则动词。
1）一般情况下在词尾直接加ed。如：play―played work―worked 2）以e结尾的动词只加d. 如：like--- liked love―loved
3）以辅音字母+Y结尾的动词，变Y为I，再加ed. 如：study―studied carry―carried 4）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写最后这个辅音字母，再加ed. 如：stop―stopped
不规则动词(见不规则动词表)。如: am, is --was
巩固练习题
一、写出下列动词的过去式
is\\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ walk_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______ hear ________ write________ want_______ do ________
was, flew, planted, were, drank; played, went, made, did, danced; worried, asked, walked, ate, drew; put, heard, wrote, wanted, did 二、请用正确动词形式填空。
1. I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend.
2. _________ she _________(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _________. 3. What ________ Tom ________ (do) on Saturday evening?
He ________(watch) TV and _______(read) an interesting book. 4. They all _________(go) to the mountains yesterday morning. 5. She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend.
She ________ (stay) at home and _________(do) some cleaning.
6. When ________ you _________(write) this song? I __________(write) it last year. 7. My friend, Carol, ____(study) for the math test and _____(practice) English last night. 8. ________ Mr. Li ________(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _________. 9. How _________(be) Jim's weekend? It _________(be not) bad.
10. ________ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she __________. 11. Tom and Mary ___________ (come) to China last month.
12. Mike _______(not go) to bed until 12 o’clock last night. So he ______ (get) up late. 13. Mary __________ (read) English yesterday morning. 14. There _________ (be) no one here a moment ago.
15. Last week we _________ (pick) many apples on the farm. 16. My mother ________________ (not do) housework yesterday.
17. She watches TV every evening. But she ____________ (not watch) TV last night. 18．________ your father ________ ( go ) to work every day last year? 19．What time _______ you _______ (get) to Beijing yesterday? We __________ (get) to Beijing at 9:00 in the evening. 20. What __________ (make) him cry (哭) just now?
21. There ______( be not) any hospitals in my hometown (家乡) in 1940. 22. –When _______ you _________ (come) to china? Last year. 23. Did she ________ (have) supper at home?
24. Jack ____________ (not clean) the room just now.
25. It ______(be) hot yesterday and most children _______ (be) outside.
1. had 2. Did, practice, didn’t 3. did, do; watched, read 4. went 5. didn’t visit, stayed, did 6. did, write, wrote 7. studied, practiced 8.Did, do; did. 9. was, wasn’t 10. Was, wasn’t 11.came 12. didn’t go, got 13. read 14. was 15. picked 16. didn’t do 17. didn’t watch 18. Did, go 19. did, get, got 20. made 21. weren’t 22. did, come; 23. have 24. didn’t clean 25. was, were
现在进行时
一、定义：表示现在正在进行的动作。或现阶段正在进行的动作。也表示按计划即将发生的动
作（仅限于go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等动词）。如：He is coming tonight.
时间状语：now, at the moment. It’s four o’clock . nowadays, Look,... Listen, ... 二、基本结构：am/is/are+动词ing I’m doing my homework. He is writing.
否定形式：am/is/are+not+动词ing. I’m not doing my homework.. He is not writing. 一般疑问句：把am/is/are放于句首。
Are you doing your homework? Yes,I am. No,I’m not.
特殊疑问：疑问词+ am/is/are +主语+动词ing? 如：What are you doing?
但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词+ am/is/are +动词ing? Who is singing over there? 动词加ing的变化规则
（1）一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking
（2）以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting （3）如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing， run-running, stop-stopping ，sit-sitting，run-running， forget-forgetting，begin-beginning （4）以ie结尾的动词，改ie为y加ing ，如：die--dying lie—lying 专项练习：
一、写出下列动词的现在分词：
play____run_____swim____make_____go_____like_____write____ski_____read____ ____dance_____put____see____buy_____love______live____take____come____get__ stop_____ sit ____ begin_____ shop_____
playing, running, swimming, making, going, liking, writing, skiing, reading, dancing, putting, seeing, buying, loving, living, taking, coming, getting, stopping, sitting, beginning, shopping 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空： 1.The boy ________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Someone ________ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother __________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What ____ you _____ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _______( have) an English lesson . 6.They ________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls _________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She ________(listen ) to music. 9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now 10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 三、句型转换：
1. They are doing housework .
一般疑问句：__________________ 否定句： _________________ 2．I’m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)
3．Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)
1, is drawing 2. is singing 3. is cooking 4. are, doing 5. are having 6. aren’t watering 7. are dancing 8. is listening 9. are having 10. Is, washing
Are they doing housework? They aren’t doing housework.
What are you doing in the playground? Where are you playing the football? Who is reading books in his study? What is Tom reading in his study?
过去进行时
一、定义：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。
时间状语：this/that time yesterday, at that moment at eight o’clock last night, from8 to 10 yesterday morning, when, while 等引导的时间状语从句等。 二、基本结构：was/were +动词ing
I was doing my homework this/that time yesterday. He was watching TV at eight o’clock last night. She was playing the violin when I saw her. While I was reading, my mother was cooking 否定形式：was/were +not+动词ing.
I wasn’t doing my homework this/that time yesterday. 一般疑问句：把was/were放于句首。
Was he watching TV at eight o’clock last night?Yes, he was. No, he wasn’t. 特殊疑问的基本结构为：
疑问词+was/were + 主语 + 动词ing? What were you doing this time yesterday? 过去进行时专项练习：
A．用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. Jim _________ (write) a letter at that moment.
2. When the telephone ______(ring), she ________ (do) her housework.
3. When I ________(leave) the party, the people _________ (enjoy) themselves. 4. When my brother _____(come) into the room, I ____________(telephone) Mary. 5. While the children _____(play) outside, their mother ____(cook) their dinner. 6. He _________(watch)TV at nine last night. He _________(watch)TV last night. 7. What _______the twins _____(do) then?
8. ______Lily ______(draw) a cat when the teacher came in ? ----No, she ______ 9. ______you _______(have) supper at that time?
10. Jack ____________(not read) a book at nine yesterday evening. 11. What ______ he ________ (do) at nine o’clock last night? B.把下列句子变成否定句，一般疑问句，划线部分提问。 1. They were playing football when I saw them
2.He was doing his homework at eight o’clock last night.
C.动词填空：Last Sunday, all my family______ at home. My father_________ his car outside our house. My mother ________the housework. She ______(try)to clean the whole house at the weekend. My grandmother_____ TV in the sofa. I _______computer games in the morning. I_______( receive) a phone call and ______shopping with my friends. In the evening, our family __________dinner together.
A. 1. was writing 2. rang, was doing 3. left, were enjoying 4. came, was telephoning 5. were playing, was cooking 6. was watching; watched 7. were, doing 8. Was drawing, wasn’t 9. Were having 10. wasn’t reading 11. was doing
B. They weren’t playing football when I saw them. Were they playing football when I saw them? Who were playing football when I saw them? What were they playing when I saw them?
He wasn’t doing his homework at eight o’clock last night. Was he doing his homework at eight o’clock last night? What was he doing at eight o’clock last night? When was he doing his homework?
C. were; was washing; was doing; was trying; was watching; was playing; received; went; were eating
一般将来时