理工类A级全真模拟试题(一)
第一部分：词汇选项 (第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。?
1 The 1960’s saw a change in the form and content of movies, treating subjects that for so many years were considered taboo.?
A unpleasant B prohibited C unethical D worthless
2 Even a novel in which there is no narrator tacitly creates a picture of an author behind the scenes.?
A theoretically B purposely C instinctively D implicitly 3 The legislative filibuster is a parliamentary tactic designed to delay or prevent action by the majority.?
A tradition B rule C observance D maneuver 4 Tanning by the sun takes place because sunlight stimulates the skin to produce the pigment melanin.?
A burning B roasting C browning D scorching 5 Tempestuous times preceded the declaration of war.?
A terrible B turbulent C trying D temperate 6 All of the tenants in the building complained about the lack of hot water. A old people B landlords C superintendents D occupants
7 Glaciers terminate where the rate of ice loss is equivalent to the forward advance of the glacier.?
A stop B turn C crack D rotate
8 Communication satellites generally use solar cells as their source of electric power, although
some test satellites have used thermoelectric generators.? A superior B authorized C former D experimental 9 Some children display an unquenchable curiosity about every new thing they encounter.?
A insatiable B inherent? C indiscriminate D incredible
10 The compact dictionaries published in recent years are not as unwieldy as some of the older editions.?
A complete B tiresome C reliable D cumbersome 11 Would you bring me some up-to-date catalogues??
A current B well-documented C lavish D hostile 12 William Faulkner’s stories reflect his Mississippi upbringing.?
A education B cousins C visits D accent 13 According to the American Red Cross, blood and plasma donors are urgently needed after natural disasters or other catastrophes.?
A typically B conceivably C tentatively D desperately 14 Age is one of the variables which seems to determine the attitude of an older person toward conformity.?
A sections B factors C results D stimuli
1
15 After listening to the testimony, the members of the jury delivered their verdict.?
A sentence B decision? C cross-examination D foreman
第二部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)?
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。?
The Enormous Egg
Dr. Ziemer arrived while we were still staring at the thing in the nest. He jumped out his car and came running out to in the backyard. He was wearing a red coat over his pajamas, and he looked pretty excited.?
He ran up to the nest and looked in. His eyes opened up wide and he knelt down on the ground and stared and stared. After long while he said softly, “That’s it. By George, that’s just what it is.” Then he stared for another long time and finally he shook his head and said, “It can’t be true, but there it is.”?
He got up off his knees and looked around at us. His eyes were just sparking, he was so excited. He put his hand on my shoulder, and I could feel he was quivering. “An amazing thing’s happened,” he said, in a kind of whisper. “I don’t know how to account for it. It must be some sort of freak biological mix-up that might happen once a thousand years.”?
“But what is it?” I asked.?
Dr. Ziemer turned and pointed a trembling finger at the nest. “Believe it or not, you people have hatched out a dinosaur.(恐龙)”?
We just looked at him.?
“Sounds incredible, I know,” he said, “and I can’t explain it, but there it is. I’ve seen too many Triceratops (三角恐龙)skulls to be mistaken about this one.”?
“But—but how could it be a dinosaur?” Pop asked.?
“Goodness gracious!” Mom spluttered. “And right here in our backyard. It doesn’t seem hardly right. And on a Sunday, too.”?
Cynthia was pretty interested by now, and kept pecking into the nest and making faces, the way she did when Pop brought a bowl of frogs’ legs into the kitchen one time. I guess girls just naturally don’t like crawly things too much. To tell the truth, I don’t either sometimes but this thing that had just hatched out looked kind of cute to me. Maybe that was because I had taken care of the egg so long. I felt as if the little dinosaur was almost one of the family.?
We stood around for a long while looking at the strange new thing on the nest, trying to let the idea soak in that we had a dinosaur. After Dr. Ziemer calmed down a little, he and Pop tightened up the chicken wire to make sure the little animal wasn’t going to crawl out. Dr.Ziemer watched if perhaps she ought not to be taken out before she went out of her mind. Pop figured that it might be a good idea and he picked her up and cut her outside the pen. She acted a little dazed at first, but pretty soon she followed the other hens and began pen. She acted a little dazed at first, but pretty soon she followed the other hens and began scratching for worms like the rest of them.?
16 Dr. Ziemer found a bird in the nest.? A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned ? 17 The story took place in the back garden.?
2
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned ? 18 When they find out what kind of animal they have, they are shocked.?
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned ? 19 The person who is telling the story seems to like the little animal.?
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned ? 20 The Enormous Egg is a serious story.?
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned ? 21 The story teller is afraid to look at the little animal.?
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned ? 22 Dr. Ziemer had went to hospital before he arrived.?
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned ??
第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 (第23～30题，每题1分，共8分) ?
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。?
Blasts from the Past
1 Volcanoes were destructive in ancient history. Not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.?
2 Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large number of animals, but all the mass extinction cover the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do.?
3 Wignall calculated the “killing efficiency” for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals. ?
4 The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that followed wiped out 80 percent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. ?
5 Yet 60 million years ago in the late Palaeocene there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. “The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all,” Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous, 265 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. ?
6 Wignall thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2. Ocean chemistry may also have played a role. As the supercontinents broke up and exposed more coastline there may have been more weathering of silica rocks. This would have encouraged the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans, increasing the amount of CO2 absorbed from the atmosphere. ?
7 Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall’s
3
idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. ?
8 Courtillot also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide or sulphur dioxide emissions.
23 Paragraph 2 _________ A Killing Power of Ancient Volcanic Eruptions ?? B Association of Mass Extinctions with Volcanic 24 Paragraph 3 _________? C Calculation of the Killing Power of Older Eruptions ? D A Mass Extinction ? 25 Paragraph 4 _________? E Volcanic Eruptions That Caused No Mass Extinction ? F Accounting for the Killing Power of Older Eruptions 26 Paragraph 5 _________
27 Older eruptions were more devastating________________.
28 The Permian extinction is used to illustrate________________.
29 The cause of the extinction of dinosaurs ________________. ? 30 Courtillor rejects ________________. A than more recent ones ? B the killing efficiency for older eruptions ? C has remained controversial ? D Wignall’s calculations as acceptable ? E has been known to us all ? F his ideas 第四部分：阅读理解 (第31～45题，每题3分，共45分) ?
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 第一篇 Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers” ?
Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as “ecosystem engineers” and predators. The study, published in the Journal of Animal Ecology, found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.
Firstly, through moving of soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil. This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly, they prey on a wide range of other animals, including larger prey which can be Dirk Sanders, an author of the study from the university’s Centre for Ecology and attacked by vast numbers of ant workers.
Conservation, said: “Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers. They’re also very territorial and very aggressive, defending their resources and territory against other predators.
4
All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area. ”
“In this research, we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it. What we found is that despite being predators, their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups. They genuinely play a key role in the local environment, having a big influence on the grassland food web,” Sanders said.
The study, carried out in Germany, studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants, both species which can be found across Europe, including in the UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area, particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers. At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect, showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen, another author on the study, said: “What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels, but as the number of ants increases, their predatory impacts have the bigger effect — thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering. ”
Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers. Ant biodiversity is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact, which obviously reduces its richness. However, it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem. Ants are important in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants, microorganisms, and other soil organisms. ?
31 Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?
A B C D A C D A B C D
Because they build their own nests. Because they collect food.
Because their activity affects the environment. Because they are predators.
prey on small as well as large animals. collect nutritious food from the soil collect food as decomposers.
prey on species much higher up the food chain. can manage to thrive in huge numbers.
defend their resources and territory against other predators. attack those invading animals for survival. produce such a big impact on the environment.
32 As predators, ants B
33 Dir Sanders’ study centered on how ants
34 What does paragraph 6 tell us?
A Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small. B Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small. C Ants' predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.
5