D At higher density, ants produce a positive influence on an area. A What roles do ants play in the ecosystem in which they live? B How do ants affect the animal diversity in a given ecosystem? C How do human activities affect ants' influence on a given ecosystem? D How do ants alter the physical and chemical environment?
35 What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph?
第二篇 Career With a Uniform
Want to be the next Xu Sanduo? The TV drama Soldiers’Sortie (Shibing Tuji) might have caused millions of young people to dream idly of putting on an army uniform and going off to boot camp.?
In fact, a large number of students graduating might consider doing just that. Last month, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) announced that there will be 120,000 job openings this year for college grads. So, one out of every 50 grads has a chance if he or she would like to march down to the local recruiting office. Anyone enlisting will get preferential treatment in tuition compensation and in job opportunities.?
This decision comes against a backdrop of bad employment news and a cooling economy. This year’s recruitment quota outnumbers last year’s 39,000 by about three-fold.?
“It’s important to pull in fresh, talented people who can deal with the new equipment and a high-tech military to modernize the nation’s defense,” said Bai Zixing, a senior officer in the PLA General Staff Department.?
The age limit for college recruits has been raised to 24, and there’s one more important policy change: Grads who have already volunteered to sign up can quit if they change their minds after finding another job before November, the deadline for enlistment. This gives grads an extra choice in starting a career.?
The following is a list of preferential things that college grads qualify for if they join the army:?
A one-time recruitment payment of up to 24,000 yuan, to cover four years of college tuition and loans (this has to be returned if the person is forced to leave the army before completing the service contract).?
Priority in promotions and in getting admitted to military academies.?
Anyone with a bachelor’s degree or above and a good performance record can be promoted to the rank of officer directly, if they meet certain other criteria. An ordinary soldier may need a couple of years longer to get there.?
Anyone with a junior college5 degree can go on for a bachelor’s degree without having to take the entrance exams.?
Anyone wanting to take the grad school entrance exam after completing their service can add 10 points to the exam results.?
Anyone getting a merit citation second class can enter grad school without taking the exam after completion of the service obligation.?
There are no restrictions on things like going abroad after the service period, unless one deals with confidential work in the army.?
36 According to the passage, all of the following reasons make many college grads choose to
join the army EXCEPT:_________.?
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A The Story of Xu Sanduo causes young people to dream to put on a uniform ? B The grads are facing a grim employment situation? C The pay from the PLA is relatively higher than the grads can earn in other jobs?
D The PLA offers a series of preferential treatments for college grads who join the army 37 It can be inferred that about students graduating consider join the army_________.?
A 120,000 B 6,000,000 C 39,000 D 2,000,000 38 Besides the backdrop of bad employment news and a cooling economy, which of
the_________.
following causes the PLA to raise this year’s recruitment quota?? A The TV drama Soldiers’ Sortie is high in the ratings.?
B The PLA wants to attract high-quality personnel to meet the need of hi-tech sector in the
nation’s defense. ?
C The PLA is increasing the size of the army.?
D Some students who have already volunteered to sign up may change their minds. 39 Why does the author think that the grads are given an extra chance in starting a career??
A The one-time recruitment payment offered by the PLA may ease the grads’ economic burden.
B The grads who join the army have more chances to further their study after completing their service.
C Grads who have already volunteered to sign up can give up before the deadline for
enlistment if they can find another job that is more suitable. ?
D No restrictions are made on things like going abroad after the service period. 40 The word confidential in the last paragraph could best be replaced by _________.?
A concise B professional C creative D secret ?
第三篇 Sleep
For millions of years before the appearance of the electric light, shift work, all-night cable TV and the Internet, Earth’s creatures evolved on a planet with predictable and reassuring 24-hour rhythms. Our biological clocks are set for this daily cycle. Simply put, our bodies want to sleep at night and be awake during the day. Most women and men need between eight and eight and a half hours of sleep a night to function properly throughout their lives. (Contrary to popular belief, humans don’t need less sleep as they age.)
But in average, Americans sleep only about seven and a half hours per night, a marked drop from the nine hours they averaged in 1910. What’s worse, nearly one third of all Americans get less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night. For most people, that’s not nearly enough.?
Finding ways to get more and better sleep can be a challenge. Scientists have identified more than 80 different sleep disorders. Some sleeping disorders are genetic. But many problems are caused by staying up late and sleeping in, by traveling frequently between time zones or by working nights. Dr. James F. Jones at National Jewish Medical and Research Center in Denver says that sleep disorders are often diagnosed as other discomforts. About one third of the patients referred to him with possible chronic fatigue syndrome actually have treatable sleep disorders. “Before we do anything else, we look at their sleep,” Jones says.?
Sleep experts say that most people would benefit from a good look at their sleep patterns. “My motto (座右铭) is’ Sleep defensively ’,”says Mary Carskadon of Brown University. She says
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people need to carve out sufficient time to sleep, even if it means giving up other things. Sleep routines—like going to bed and getting up at the same time every day—are important. Pre-bedtime activities also make a difference. As with Elaner, who used to suffer from sleeplessness, a few lifestyle changes—avoiding stimulants and late meals, exercising hours before bedtime, relaxing with a hot bath—yield better sleep. 41 What is TRUE of human sleep??
A Most people need less sleep when they grow older.?
B Most people need seven and a half hours of sleep every night.?
C On average, people in the U.S today sleep less per night than they used to. ?
D For most people, less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night is enough. 42 For our bodies to function properly, we should _________.?
A sleep for at least eight hours per night? B believe that we need less sleep as we age? C adjust our activities to the new inventions?
D be able to predict the rhythms of our biological clocks ?
43 According to the author, many sleeping disorders are caused by _________.?
A other diseases?
B pre-bedtime exercises? C improper sleep?
D chronic fatigue syndrome ??
44 Which of the following measures can help you sleep better??
A Staying up late.? B Taking a hot bath.? C Having late meals.?
D Traveling between time zones. ? 45 “Sleep defensively” means that _________.?
A people should go to a doctor and have their problems diagnosed ? B people should exercise immediately before going to bed every night ? C people should sacrifice other things to get enough sleep if necessary ?
D people should give up going to bed and getting up at the same time every day ?
第五部分：补全短文 (第46～50题，每题2分，共10分) ?
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上
Financial Risks
Several types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing; the major problems include commercial, political, and foreign exchange risk.
_46__They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk, however, is competition which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing. 47__Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or any other disagreement over which payment is withheld. One company, for example, shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. _48_The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost.?
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Political risk relates to the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility, expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses._ _49_ Management information systems and effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk, so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in particular market.? Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years, most firms could take protective action to minimize their unfavorable effects._ 50_ International Business Machine Corporation, for example ,reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981.Before rates were permitted to float, devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipated, but exchange-rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs.
A Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses.
B One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments. C Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in day-to-day business. ?
D The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards. ?
E Floating exchange rates of the world’s major currencies have forced all marketers to be especially aware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planning. ?
F Many international marketers go bankrupt each year because of exchange-rate fluctuation.
第六部分：完型填空 (第51～65题，每题1分，共15分) ?
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。?
Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but until now they haven't been very 51 at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That's because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn't a very efficient 52 to gather 53_. That's a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And it's also a space problem：photovoltaic cells can take 54 all the space on the roof, leaving 55 room for thermal applications.
In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a 56 kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from ThinSilicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen's University, Canada.
Most solar panels are made 57 crystalline silicon, but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, commonly known as thin-film silicon. They don't create as 58 electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they require much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately, thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.
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\ 59 when you expose them to light-pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,\ is one of the reasons thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.
However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new 61 of PVT. You don't have to cool 62 thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact, Pearce's group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures, near the boiling point of water, they could make thicker cells that largely. 63 the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy 64 , they also found that by baking the cell once a day, they 65 the solar cell's electrical efficiency by over 10 percent. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
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