江苏省机电产品出口存在的问题与对策
管理学院 周文强
二〇一〇年十月
摘 要
随着经济全球化的发展，江苏机电产品出口贸易发展非常迅速，在江苏省经济发展中占有重要地位，对本省的总出口、技术进步、制造业基地建设、产业和出口结构优化、人员就业等都具有直接的影响。然而，江苏机电产品出口也面临着许多问题，如核心技术缺乏、研发投入不足、国际贸易保护的阻碍等。因此，研究和探索江苏机电产业出口竞争力的现状和影响因素，有助于寻求进一步促进江苏省机电产业出口竞争力的有效途径，从而实现江苏外贸的增长和经济的发展。
近年来，产业国际竞争力在学术界备受关注，众多学者对其进行了相关研究。本文根据贸易与竞争力的关系，将江苏机电产品贸易与产业国际竞争力相结合，回顾了产业国际竞争力的相关理论及其测度指标体系，定性分析了影响江苏省机电产品贸易的相关因素:江苏机电产品出口现状、竞争优势、存在问题。通过借鉴前人经验，搜集大量资料和数据，在第五章中运用代表出口竞争力的三组数据指标和一个密切相关产业的数据，进行定量分析比较江苏省机电出口与其他四个主要机电产品出口省份的竞争力，得出江苏省机电产品在国际市场上有较强的竞争力，并且跟高新技术产业的贸易量有密切关系，但是还需要进一步优化出口、提升竞争力的结论。第六章依据第四章定性分析发现的问题，及第五章定量分析得出的结论，提出了基于提升国际竞争力的江苏省机电产品出口优化策略，包括提高产品增值率，提升品牌意识、丰富出口方式，拓宽出口市场等。最后总结全文，给出简要结论。
关键词：产业国际竞争力；江苏机电产品；国际贸易；优化策略
ABSTRACT
With the development of the economy globalization, the export of Jiangsu Mechanical and Electronics products maintains quick increase, and takes an important part in the economic development. It affects the general export, the advancement of technique, the construction of the manufacture and the employment, and so on. But at the same time, there are many problems, such as the lack of nuclear technique and finance, the hinder of the international trade protection. Thus, it can improve the increase of export competitiveness of Jiangsu Mechanical and Electronics industry by researching the actuality and effect factor.
In recent years, the international competitiveness of industries is being paid more attention in the academic community, and many scholars have done pertinent research. According to the relationship between trade and competitiveness, this paper combines Jiangsu Mechanical and Electronics products trade and the international competitiveness of industries, reviews the related theory and measurement indicators of international competitiveness of industries, and makes qualitative analysis of the related factors affect Jiangsu Mechanical and Electronics products trade: the present situation and problems of Mechanical and Electronics products trade, the advantages of competition. This paper learns from previous experience and gathers a great deal of information and data, and then in the fifth chapter uses three sets of import and export data and A closely related industry data to make quantitative analysis of international competitiveness of Mechanical and Electronics products trade in Jiangsu and other main four Mechanical and Electronics products trade areas, and sums up that Jiangsu Mechanical and Electronics products has strong international competitiveness and Closely related with the high-tech industry trade, but it still need enhance the competitiveness of export. In accordance with the problems identified in the qualitative analysis in Chapter IV, and the conclusions got from the quantitative analysis in Chapter V, in Chapter VI, this paper advances Jiangsu Mechanical and Electronics products trade optimized strategy based on enhancing the international competitiveness of industries, including improving products value, increasing the brand awareness, enriching the export mode, expanding export markets and so on. Finally, summarize the full text and a brief conclusion is given.
Keywords: International competitiveness of industries; Jiangsu Mechanical and Electrical Products; International trade; Optimized strategy
目 录
1 引言 ................................................................... 6 1.1 研究背景和研究目的 ................................................. 6 1.1.1 研究背景 ......................................................... 6 1.1.2 研究目的 ......................................................... 6 1.2 研究内容和研究方法 ................................................. 7 1.3 论文基本结构 ....................................................... 3 2产业国际竞争力理论和测度指标 ........................................... 4 2.1 产业国际竞争力的内涵 ............................................... 4 2.2 产业国际竞争力的相关理论 ........................................... 9 2.2.1 比较优势理论 ..................................................... 9 2.2.2 竞争优势理论 ..................................................... 5 2.2.3 比较优势与竞争优势和产业国际竞争力的关系 ........................ 10 2.2.4当代国际竞争力理论 ............................................... 6 2.3 产业国际竞争力的数量指标体系 ....................................... 7 2.3.1产业国际竞争力测度指标 ........................................... 7 2.3.2 以进出口数据为基础的评价方法 ..................................... 8 3 江苏省机电产品出口现状分析 ............................................. 9 3.1 江苏省机电产品发展现状概述 ......................................... 9 3.2 江苏省机电产品出口发展的影响力 .................................... 15 4 江苏省机电产品出口竞争力定性分析 ...................................... 13 4.1 江苏省机电产品在国际市场的竞争优势 ................................ 13 4.2江苏省机电产品出口现状存在问题分析 ................................ 19 4.2.1 缺乏自主出口品牌 ................................................ 19 4.2.2江苏省出口的机电产品高新技术含量仍还偏低 ........................ 20 4.2.3市场结构仍以欧、美、日、港为主，新兴市场需要重视 ................ 21 4.2.4机电产品出口增长方式和产品结构仍需深刻变革 ...................... 22 4.3 金融危机对江苏省机电产品出口的影响 ................................ 22 5 江苏省机电产品出口竞争力的定量分析 .................................... 23 5.1江苏省机电产品出口竞争力分析指标体系的选择 ........................ 23 5.2 江苏省与国内主要机电产品出口省份的比较分析 ........................ 19 5.2.1 国际市场相关指标分析 ............................................ 20 5.2.2 贸易竞争力指标分析 .............................................. 28
5.2.3 区域显示比较优势指标分析 ........................................ 28 5.3 江苏省机电产品出口量与相关指标的回归分析 .......................... 30 5.3.1 机电产品出口量与三组大类指标的回归分析 .......................... 30 5.3.2 机电产品出口量与高新技术产品贸易量的回归分析 .................... 31 6基于提升国际竞争力的江苏省机电产品出口优化策略 ........................ 38 6.1 江苏省机电产品出口贸易优化策略目标 ................................ 38 6.2 江苏省机电产品出口优化策略 ........................................ 39 6.2.1 提高产品增值率，提升品牌意识 .................................... 39 6.2.2丰富出口方式，拓宽出口市场 ...................................... 39 6.2.3加强对外合作，大力发展高新技术 .................................. 40 6.2.4 加快出口增长方式和产品结构变革 .................................. 41 6.2.5 利用机遇，积极迎接挑战 .......................................... 37 结 论 .................................................................. 38 参考文献 ................................................................ 39 附 录 ................................................................... 41 致 谢 .................................................................. 46