（1）by name：①名叫；②用名字；凭名字 He met a man, John by name.他遇到一个名叫约翰的人。
I know him only by name.我只知道他的名字。
She asked for you by name.她点名要找你。
（2）by the name of 也可作of the name of 名叫……
例如：a U.S reporter by /of the name of Newton. 一个叫牛顿的美国记者 （3）with the name 名叫……
例如：a girl with the name Mary 一个名叫玛丽的女孩
（4）name after 以……命名
They named the boy after his grandfather. 他们以祖父的名字为男孩取名。
总结：“一个名叫汤姆的男孩”可以有下列几种形式：
（5）in the name of sb. /sth. (in sb’s /sth’s name) 在……名下
We booked two rooms in the name of Brown. 我们用布朗的名字订了两个房间。 The car is registered in my name. 这辆车是用我的名字登记的。
（6）under the name of 用……名字，以……假名
Mr. White reserved two tickets under the name of Smith.
怀特先生用史密斯的名字预订了两张票。
3．equip vt. 装备；配备
主要搭配：
（1）equip oneself /sb. /sth. with sth. 给某人/某物配备/装备……
（2）be well equipped 装备/配备精良 be poorly /badly equipped 装备/配备差/简陋 be fully /specially equipped 装备完善/独特
The school is poorly equipped. 这所学校设备简陋。
She equipped herself with a street plan. 她随身带着一张街道平面图。
He got a bank loan to rent and equip a small workshop.
他取得一笔银行贷款来租用和装备一个小车间。（equip sth） The centre is well equipped for canoeing and mountaineering.
本中心有齐全的划船和登山设备。（be well equipped for…）
The course is designed to equip students for a career in nursing.
此课程旨在使学生能够胜任护理工作。（equip sb. /sth. for…）
派生词：equipment n. [U] 装备，设备，器材，装置
a useful piece of equipment for the kitchen 一件有用的厨房设备
medical /office equipment 医疗器械/办公室设备 4．treasure n. （1）用作名词
①金银财宝，珠宝；财产[U] buried treasure 埋藏的财宝
②相当贵重的饰品；珍宝；宝物；珍品[C] the priceless art treasures of the Uffizi gallery 乌菲齐美术馆收藏的无价艺术瑰宝 ③备受宠爱/珍爱的人；心肝宝贝儿。[C] （2）用作动词，意为“珍视；珍爱；珍藏”。 I treasured his friendship. 我珍重他的友谊。 This ring is my most treasured possession. 这枚戒指是我最珍爱的财产。 5．suggest vt.
1．提议；建议。作此义时： ①如果后接动词，只能接动名词。
②后接that从句，从句谓语动词须用should＋动词原形，should可省略。 I suggested the ideas to her.
我向她提出这种想法。（suggest sth. to sb.） I suggested going there at once. 我建议立刻去那里。（suggest＋doing sth.）
The teacher suggested that we should do our homework now.
老师建议我们现在就做作业。（suggest that sb. should do sth.）
2．使人想起；暗示（作此义时，后接从句谓语动词时态须与主句一致）
Her pale face suggests that she is ill.她的苍白的脸色表明她病了。
联想：与suggest相类似用法的还有insist。insist作“坚持要做……”时，后接从句，谓语动词须用should＋动词原形，should可省略，但insist如作“坚持认为”时，后面所接从句谓语动词的时态须与主句谓语动词一致。例如：
He insisted that we (should) go there at once. 他坚持我们应该马上去那里。
He insisted that he was right. 他坚持认为他是正确的。
但insist后如果接名词，后应加上介词on，构成词组insist on sth. /doing sth. 例如：
6．accomplish vt. 达到（目的）完成（任务），实现（计划）
accomplish sth 相当于：
例如：
This task is accomplished by great effort. 完成这任务花了很大力气。
He accomplished a great deal during his first year. 第一年他就取得了很多成就。 The first part of the plan has been safely accomplished. 计划的第一部分已顺利完成。
That’s it. Mission accomplished. 就这样，大功告成。
派生词：accomplishment n.
accomplished adj. 才华高的，技艺高超的；熟练的
比较：accomplish /complete /finish
accomplish： 一般指取得成果，达到目标，实现计划等。
complete： 特指完善所缺的部分，以至一个整体圆满。也可以完成耗时的事情（如建筑、工程等）。
finish： 多指完成日常的事。 例如：
He will complete the building next year. 明年他们会将这栋楼房竣工。
I only need one more card to complete the set. 我只差一张卡片就配齐全这一套了。 Haven’t you finish your homework yet? 难道你还没有完成家庭作业吗？ 7．apart from 除……外
主要用法：apart from意为“含有；除……外，还有……”和“除……外，没有……”之意，即它含有besides和except (for)的用法。例如： I’ve finished apart from the last question. 除了最后一道题，我全都做完了。（except for /except）
Apart from their house in London, they also have a villa in Spain.
他们在伦敦有一座房子，此外在西班牙还有一座别墅。
It was a difficult time. Apart from everything else, we had financial problems.
当时是困难时期，别的一切都不说，我们财政上也有问题。
8．arise vi. 出现，发生，产生，起身；群起反对（arose, arisen） A new crisis has arisen. 新危机已经出现。（产生）
Children should be disciplined when the need arises.
必要时，孩子应该受到管教。（when it is necessary）（出现）
Emotional or mental problems can arise from a physical cause.
身体上的原因可以引起精神或情绪上的问题。（引起，造成） He arose at dawn. 他黎明即起。（起床）
The peasants arose against their masters. 农民奋起反抗奴役他们的人。（群起反对）
9．bring up 教育，养育，提出；引出；呕吐 She was brought up by her uncle. 她是由叔叔带大的。（养育）
He brought up the question at the meeting. 他在会上提出了这个问题。（提出） Mary brought up all the food she had eaten. 玛丽把吃下去的食物都给吐出来了。
联想：bring in 获利；赚 /bring about 带来；引起 /bring down 使……降低 The boys bring in ￡100 a week.
这些男孩子每周赚100镑。
The internet has brought about big changes in the way we work.
因特网使我们的工作方式发生了很大变化。 We’d better wait till they bring down their prices. 我们最好等到他们降价。 二、本单元重、难点句子
1．Sick from China found its way over land along the Silk Road to India, the Middle East and Rome, in exchange for spices and glass.
中国的丝绸通过丝绸之路由陆路到达印度、中东和罗马，用以交换香料和玻璃。
（1）find one’s way to… 找到通往某地的路，to为介词。例如：
I hope you can find your way home. 我希望你能找到回家的路。
She couldn’t find her way out of the forests. 她找不到走出森林的路。 find a way out 找到一条出路 相关用法：
elbow one’s way 以肘推挤前进 shoulder one’s way 以肩挤前进 feel one’s way 摸索着前进
force /fight one’s way 突破……而前进 push one’s way 排开……而前进 make one’s way 艰难地前进 例如：
They made their way to the beach at last. 最后他们好不容易到了海边。
He felt his way to the door in the darkness. 黑暗中，他摸索着向门走去。
He shouldered his way to the front in the crowded people.
在拥挤的人群，他用胳膊肘推挤着向前走进。
（2）in exchange for 与……交换，互换 例如：
He gave me an apple in exchange for a cake. 他给我一个苹果，换一块蛋糕。
She is giving him English lessons in exchange for his teaching her Chinese. 她教他英语，他教她中文。
They were given food and shelter in exchange for work.
他们用劳动换取食物和栖身之处。
2．The wonderful gift and the contact with the black 感谢你帮忙，我请你吃午饭，好吗？
（2）作为回应（as a response /reactions to sth.） court so excited China’s curiosity about Africa that Zheng He sent a message to the king and to other African states…
美好的礼物和黑人国度的接触大大地激发了中国对于非洲的好奇，于是郑和送消息给国王以及其它非洲各部落……
句中的so excited… that…运用了so…that结构。此句型使用的是“so＋动词＋that从句”。在该句型中，谓语动词通常是能够表示人们的情绪的动词。例如：
The tsunami so shocked the tourists that they did not know where to shelter themselves, but to run as fast as their legs could carry.
海啸震惊了这群游客，他们不知道何处藏身，只知道拼命地跑。
The girls so likes chocolate that she eats it every day.
这个女孩太爱吃巧克力了，以至于她每天吃。 Tom so regretted his misunderstanding of his girlfriend that he went down to his knees in front of her, begging for her merry.
汤姆如此后悔自己对女友的误解，以至于跪在女友的面前乞求她的宽恕。
3．In return, the Ming court sent gold, spices, sick and various other presents.
作为回报，明朝政府送去黄金、香料、丝绸和其它各种各样的礼物。 in return (for sth.)
（1）作为（对某物）的付款或回报 Can I buy your lunch in return for your help?
I asked her opinion, but she just asked me a question in return. 我征求她的意见，她却只是反问了我一句。
Unit 3 The land down under
一、重、难点单词的词组：
1．resemble vt. 像；与……相似；与……类似 主要用法：
①不用于进行时或被动语态. ②相当于look like; be similar to
③A resemble B in sth. A与B在某方面相似 ④resemblance n. 相似；类似
the resemblance between… and … 在 … 与 … 之间的相似处 例如：
She closely resembles her sister. 她和她姐姐很像。（sb. resemble. sb.） So many hotels resemble each other here. 这里的许多酒店看上去差不多。（sth. resemble sth.）
The plant resembles grass in appearance. 这种植物的外形像草。（A resemble B in sth.） Can you tell the resemblance between Susan and her sister?