He’s been appointed to catalog the new books 也可这样回答：
in the library.
他被派到图书馆对新书进行登记分类。（appoint sb. to do sth.） （2）约定（时间、地点等）
They have appointed a date for the meeting.
他们已经约定了开会的日期。
We met him at the appointed time outside the courtroom.
我们按约定时间在法庭外见到了他。（在约定的时间）
（3）appointment n. 约定；预约
a five o’clock appointment 5点钟的约会 make an appointment 约会 keep an appointment 守约 by appointment 按约定 拓展：“约定时间 /地点”的表达方法。
“约定时间 /地点”可用appoint a date /time for…，也可用fix up a date /time for…
另外，还能使用suggest及make it等。例如： －What time shall we meet at the school gate? －Let’s make it next Sunday. －我们什么时候去校门口见面呢？ －让我们定在下个星期天吧！
make it为固定用法，意为“规定……的时间”，Let’s make it next Sunday相当于：I suggest next Sunday.
4．expense n.花费；代价（[C] & [U] ） It’s too much of an expense to own a car.
拥有一辆汽车的花费太大。[C]
We went to a lot of expense to provide the safety equipment, so please take care of it.
我们在安全设施上花了很多钱，所以请好好照管。（go to a lot of expense to do sth. 花大价钱去做某物）
Julie’s parents had spared no expense for her wedding.
朱莉的父母不惜代价为她筹办婚礼。（spare no expense不遗余力，不惜代价） expense的相关短语： （1）at one’s expense ①由某人负担费用
Bill’s just been on a computing course, all at the company’s expense.
比尔刚开始学习一个电脑课程，费用全部由公司来付。 ②捉弄某人
Louis kept making jokes at his wife’s expense. 路易斯不断地捉弄妻子。
（2）at the expense of以（损害）……为代价，相当于at the lost of.
High production rates are often achieved at the expense of quality of work.
高产出率常常是以（牺牲）产品质量为代价的。
He built up a successful business but it was all done at the expense of his health. 他创建的企业很成功，但这一切都损害了他的健康。 5．involve vt. （1）包含（include）
What will the job involve?
这份工作包括什么？（involve sth.）
I didn’t realize putting on a play involved so much work.
我没有想到演出一场戏需要做这么多工作。（involve sth.）
Every day each of us makes decisions that involve taking a chance. 每天我们每个人作出的决定都包含碰运气的成分。(involve doing sth.) （2）涉及，影响（affect）
These changes will involve everyone on the staff.
这些变化将涉及每一位职员。
The accident involves a coach and two cars. 这个事故涉及到一辆长途汽车和两辆桥车。
（3）involve sb. in sth.要求 /允许某人参与（ask /allow sb. to take part in sth.）
Try to involve as many children as possible in the game. 尽量让多些孩子参与游戏。
The USA has so far been extremely unwilling to involve itself in the crisis in Bosnia. 直到现在，美国仍然极不愿意卷入波斯尼亚的危机中去。 （4）be involved
More than 30 software firms were involved in the project.
30多家软件公司参与了这个项目。 拓展：involvement n. 卷入，牵连（与介词in连用）
involvement in the murder 卷入谋杀案
6．abandon vt.
（1）离开；放弃（give up because of something dangerous /impossible）（含有不得已而放弃之意） The heavy snow forced many drivers to abandon their cars. 这场大雪使很多司机不得已放弃了他们的车。
（2）遗弃（leave sb. you are responsible for with no intention of returning）
The baby has been abandoned by its mother. 这个婴儿被它的妈妈遗弃了。 （3）不再支持/拥戴（stop supporting /helping /believing in…）
The people of the country abandoned their government.
这个国家的人民不再支持政府了。 The citizens have abandoned their lender. 市民们已经不再拥戴他们的领导了。
7．altogether adv. （1）总而言之（相当于in a word） Altogether, it was a great evening. 总之，这是一个不错的夜晚。 （2）完全地（相当于completely） I don’t altogether agree with you. 我并不完全同意你的话。 （3）总共（相当于in all） There are 79 students altogether. 总共有79个学生了。 辨析：altogether /all together all together
（1）相当于all in one place，意为“全部在同一个地方”。
Can you put your books all together in this box?
你能把你的书都放进这个箱子吗？ Put the plates all together in the sink. 把盘子都放在水池子里。
（2）相当于in a group，意为“每一个人都……；一起来”。
Don’t say it one by one, all together! 不要一个一个地说，一起来！ 二、本单元重、难点句子分析
1．As astronomy was one of the most important branches of science, it was the British government that paid for all the equipment and expenses for that part of the expedition. 由于天文学是最主要的科学分支之一，因此天文学部分所有的设备和经费是由英国政府赞助的。
（1）as在此处表示原因，意思是“因为，由于，既然”，用作连词。
比较：as /because /since 三者都可以用作表示原因。
①because一般置于主句之后，着重于从句。例如：
I don’t want to buy the dress because I hate its color. 我不想买这条裙子，因为我讨厌它的颜色。 ②as置于句首，也可置于句中，着重于主句。
I decided to send him an e-mail as I forgot his phone number. 由于我忘了他的电话号码，所以我就给他发了一份电子邮件。
③since可置于句首、句中，通常表示明显的，已知的原因或理由。
Since this method doesn’t work, Let’s try another.
既然这种方法不行，我们就试用另一种吧！ Since you are unable to answer perhaps we should ask someone else.
既然你不能回答，我们就应该问别人了。 （2）该句为强调句型，强调成份为主语the British government。
强调句型应该注意以下问题：
①强调句型 it is /was…that中，被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语、状语等成分，不可强调谓语。强调的主语为人时，可用who或that，其它一律用that。
②强调句型的时态（现在时或过去时），依照原句子的时态来确定。
③强调句型中的It is…that，不可缩写为“It’s …that”。
④强调特殊问句时要注意语序。例如： Who did it yesterday?
→Who was it that did it yesterday?
昨天究竟是谁做的这件事？
How did he get the in formation? →How was it that he got the information? 他究竟是如何得到这个消息的？ ⑤强调从句时，要注意判断整个句子的结构。
He didn’t come to school because he was ill.
→It was because he was ill that he didn’t come to school.
⑥强调until引导的从句或词组时，要注意主句not的否定转移。
I didn’t go to bed until my mother came back home. →It was not until my mother came back home that I went to bed. I didn’t realize the importance of English until then. →It was not until then that I realized the importance of English.
2．Banks was the first to move crops from one continent to another on a large scale, helping to develop local economies with new imports. 班克斯是第一个大规模把农作物从一个洲运到另一个洲去的人，从而用这种新的进口物资促进了当地经济的发展。
（1）the first to move crops…意为“做……的第一个人”，是固定表达。如：
Tom is always the first to come and the last to leave. 汤姆总是第一个来，最后一个离开。
类似的表达有：
the first /second…/last [person(s)] to do sth.
做某事的第一个（批），第二个（批），最后一个（批）人
（2）on a large scale大规模地，相当于in large numbers /groups。
Some countries are preparing for war on a large scale. 有些国家在大规模地准备战争。
They moved to America on a large scale. 他们大规模地转移到美国。
（3）helping to develop local economies with news imports在句子中作状语，指结果。 Her husband died, leaving her with four children. 她丈夫去世了，给她丢下四个孩子。 He opened fire, killing one tiger. 他开枪打死了老虎。
A terrible flood happened that year, making many people homeless. 那年发生了一场水灾，使很多人无家可归。 The firemen arrived in time, preventing a fire. 消防队员及时赶到，避免了一场火灾。
说明：以分词形式出现的短语，一般与主句中的谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生，在功能上有用作结果状语的，也有用作伴随状语的。 3．There were even differences between the species of the different islands; yet all showed a clear relationship with those of America, though
separated from that continent by about 600 miles. 不同岛上的物种竟然也有区别；但是所有的物种都明显地与美洲的物种有关。
（1）yet这是相当于but。
with those of America中的those指代前面的the species。
（2）英语中，如下文中需要重复上文的单词，通常用one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those等取代。
①one指代可数名词单数（泛指）。 ②the one指代可数名词单数（特指），也可用that替换the one。
③ones指代可数名词复数（泛指）。 ④the ones指代可数名词复数（特指），也可用those替换the ones。 ⑤that指代不可数名词。 例如：
A desk made of wood is much stronger than one made of paper.
The desk made of wood is much stronger than made of paper.
Desks made of wood are much stronger than ones made of paper.
The desks made of wood are much stronger than made of paper.
The weather of Wuhan is much hotter in summer than that of Changchun. 武汉的夏天比长春的夏天要热得多。
Unit 5 Getting the message
一、本单元重难点单词及词组 1．consideration n.考虑；体贴 主要用法：
（1）take sb./sth. into consideration 考虑到某人/某事
相当于：take sb./ sth. into account 例如：We should take everything into consideration. 我们应该考虑到每个细节。
Taking everything into consideration, it’s a good job.
总的来说，这是一个不错的工作。
注意：taking…into consideration作独立成份时，用现在分词短语形式，不考虑句子主语与此词组中take构成的逻辑关系。