历年英语阅读真题
杨 忙 忙
1
1986年
Text 1
There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people ―generalists.‖ And these ―generalists‖ are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people‘s work, to begin it and judge it.
The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a ―trained‖ man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalist -- and especially the administrator -- deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an ―educated‖ man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.
Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you -- but this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee. 26. There is an increasing demand for ________.
[A] all round people in their own fields
[B] people whose job is to organize other people‘s work
[C] generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional [D] specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others 27. The specialist is ________.
[A] a man whose job is to train other people
[B] a man who has been trained in more than one fields [C] a man who can see the forest rather than the trees
[D] a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters 28. The administrator is ________.
[A] a ―trained‖ man who is more a specialist than a generalist [B] a man who sees the trees as well as the forest [C] a man who is very strong in the humanities
1
[D] a man who is an ―educated‖ specialist
29. During your training period, it is important ________.
[A] to try to be a generalist [B] to choose a profitable job
[C] to find an organization which fits you
[D] to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist 30. A man‘s first job ________.
[A] is never the right job for him [B] should not be regarded as his final job
[C] should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any job [D] is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job
Text 2
At the bottom of the world lies a mighty continent still wrapped in the Ice Age and, until recent times, unknown to man. It is a great land mass with mountain ranges whose extent and elevation are still uncertain. Much of the continent is a complete blank on our maps. Man has explored, on foot, less than one per cent of its area. Antarctica differs fundamentally from the Arctic regions. The Arctic is an ocean, covered with drifting packed ice and hemmed in by the land masses of Europe, Asia, and North America. The Antarctic is a continent almost as large as Europe and Australia combined, centered roughly on the South Pole and surrounded by the most unobstructed water areas of the world -- the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.
The continental ice sheet is more than two miles high in its centre, thus, the air over the Antarctic is far more refrigerated than it is over the Arctic regions. This cold air current from the land is so forceful that it makes the nearby seas the stormiest in the world and renders unlivable those regions whose counterparts at the opposite end of the globe are inhabited. Thus, more than a million persons live within 2,000 miles of the North Pole in an area that includes most of Alaska, Siberia, and Scandinavia -- a region rich in forest and mining industries. Apart from a handful of weather stations, within the same distance of the South Pole there is not a single tree, industry, or settlement.
31. The best title for this selection would be ________.
[A] Iceland [B] Land of Opportunity [C] The Unknown Continent [D] Utopia at Last
32. At the time this article was written, our knowledge of Antarctica was ________.
[A] very limited [B] vast [C] fairly rich [D] nonexistent 33. Antarctica is bordered by the ________.
[A] Pacific Ocean [B] Indian Ocean [C] Atlantic Ocean [D] All three
2
34. The Antarctic is made uninhabitable primarily by ________.
[A] cold air [B] calm seas [C] ice [D] lack of knowledge about the continent 35. According to this article ________.
[A] 2,000 people live on the Antarctic Continent
[B] a million people live within 2,000 miles of the South Pole
[C] weather conditions within a 2,000 mile radius of the South Pole make settlements
impractical [D] only a handful of natives inhabit Antarctica
1987年
Text 1
For centuries men dreamed of achieving vertical flight. In 400 A.D. Chinese children played with a fan-like toy that spun upwards and fell back to earth as rotation ceased. Leonardo da Vinci conceive the first mechanical apparatus, called a ―Helix,‖ which could carry man straight up, but was only a design and was never tested.
The ancient-dream was finally realized in 1940 when a Russian engineer piloted a strange looking craft of steel tubing with a rotating fan on top. It rose awkwardly and vertically into the air from a standing start, hovered a few feet above the ground, went sideways and backwards, and then settled back to earth. The vehicle was called a helicopter.
Imaginations were fired. Men dreamed of going to work in their own personal helicopters. People anticipate that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today. Such fantastic expectations were not fulfilled.
The helicopter has now become an extremely useful machine. It excels in military missions, carrying troops, guns and strategic instruments where other aircraft cannot go. Corporations use them as airborne offices, many metropolitan areas use them in police work, construction and logging companies employ them in various advantageous ways, engineers use them for site selection and surveying, and oil companies use them as the best way to make offshore and remote work stations accessible to crews and supplies. Any urgent mission to a hard-to-get-to place is a likely task for a helicopter. Among their other multitude of used: deliver people across town, fly to and from airports, assist in rescue work, and aid in the search for missing or wanted persons. 11. People expect that ________.
[A] the airliners of today would eventually be replaced by helicopters
[B] helicopters would someday be able to transport large number of people from place to
place as airliners are now doing
[C] the imaginations fired by the Russian engineer‘s invention would become a reality in the
future
[D] their fantastic expectations about helicopters could be fulfilled by airliners of today
3
12. Helicopters work with the aid of ________.
[A] a combination of rotating devices in front and on top [B] a rotating device topside
[C] one rotating fan in the center of the aircraft and others at each end [D] a rotating fan underneath for lifting
13. What is said about the development of the helicopter?
[A] Helicopters have only been worked on by man since 1940. [B] Chinese children were the first to achieve flight in helicopters. [C] Helicopters were considered more dangerous than the early airplanes. [D] Some people thought they would become widely used by average individuals. 14. How has the use of helicopters developed?
[A] They have been widely used for various purposes. [B] They are taking the place of high-flying jets. [C] They are used for rescue work.
[D] They are now used exclusively for commercial projects.
15. Under what conditions are helicopters found to be absolutely essential?
[A] For overseas passenger transportation. [B] For extremely high altitude flights. [C] For high-speed transportation.
[D] For urgent mission to places inaccessible to other kinds of craft.
Text 2
In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations. The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honor of Zeus, king of the Olympian Gods, eventually lost its local character, became first a national event and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished, international. No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records date from 776 B.C. The games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus. Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator. Slaves, women and dishonored persons were not allowed to compete. The exact sequence of events uncertain, but events included boy‘s gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, horse racing and field events, though there were fewer sports involved than in the modern Olympic Games.
On the last day of the Games, all the winners were honored by having a ring of holy olive leaves placed on their heads. So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory. Although Olympic winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities. How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling.
4