awarded the Matinus Nijhoff Prize, the leading Dutch award for translation. In 1964 he became a literary lecturer, and later a senior lecturer, in Translation Studies at the University of Amsterdam. In 1978, he co-founded a new discipline, Dutch Gay Studies (Homostudies). He helped to launch numerous academic and non-academic gay emancipation initiatives. His workshops on gay literature at the General Literary Studies Department of the University of Amsterdam gained much renown. He retired in 1985 and died from Aids-related illness on the following year.
14. Eugene. A. Nida(1914-) received his BA in 1936 from the University of California at Los Angeles. Having earned his degree in Greek, he enrolled in the Summer Institute of Linguistics（SIL）. Then he pursued a MA in Greek New Testament at the University of Southern California. In 1941, he began a PhD in Linguistics at the University of Michigan and completed it in two years. In 1943, he was ordained in the Northern Convention, and joined the staff of the American Bible Society(ABS) as a linguist. He was made Associate Secretary for Versions from 1944-46, and from then until he retired in the 1980s, he was Executive Secretary for Translations. Upon joining the ABS staff, he set on a series of field trips in Africa and Latin America. On these visits he worked with missionary translators on linguistic problems and searched for potential indigenous translators, often using his SIL
connections. These site visits led him to see that his most important role for ABS Translations? interests would not be limited to checking translation for publication, but of educating translators, and providing them with better models, resources, training, and organization for efficiency. This he managed to do through onsite visits, teaching and training workshops, and through building a translations network and organizational structure that became the global United Bible Societies Translation Program. At the same time, Nida was determined to produce a theory that would foster effective communication of the Good News across all kinds of cultural and linguistics barriers. His books Toward a Science of Translating(1964) and the Theory and Practice of Translation (with C. R. Taber1969) were his first efforts to expound his theory on what he called dynamic equivalence translation. How significant, revolutionary, and convincing this new approach proved to be can be seen in the fact that hundreds of Bible translations hve now been effectively carried out with this methodology. His From One Language to Another (with Jan de Waardn1986) is the summative explication of functional equivalence translation. As a scholar, teacher, leader, influencer, conceptualizer, innovator, and influential theoretician, Nida is very possibly unsurpassed in the history of the Bible Society movement in terms of global impact. His work, his organization, his ideas and the organization he put into place represent
a wastershed for the movement and for Bible translation. Thanks to him, the world of Bible translation and translation studies has been enriched and challenged into an exciting field of study and discourse. In 2001, the American Bible Society salutes Nida?s contribution to the Bible cause at a Translation and Similarity Conference in NY city and names its Eugene A. Nida Institute for Biblical Scholarship in his honor. His other major publications include Language Structure and Translation (1975), Translating Meaning (1982), Language, Culture and Translating (1993) and The Sociolinguistics of Interlingual Communication (1996)