让双方寻求利用科学的神奇力量，而不是激发科学的恐怖因素。让我们一起探索星球，征服沙漠，根除疾患，开发深海，并鼓励艺术和商业的发展。
Let both sides unite to heed in all corners of the earth the command of Isaiahto %undo the heavy burdens ... and to let the oppressed go free.\
让双方团结起来，在全世界各个角落倾听以赛亚的训令—“卸下沉重的负担，让被欺压者得到自由。”
And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor, not a new balance of power, but a new world of law, where the strong are just and the weak secure and the peace preserved.
如果合作的滩头阵地能逼退猜忌的丛林，那么就让双方共同作一次新的努力—不是建立一种新的均势，而是创造一个新的法治世界，在这个世界中，强者公正，弱者安全，和平将得到维护。
All this will not be finished in the first 100 days. Nor will it be finished in the first 1,000 days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin.
所有这一切不可能在今后一百天内完成，也不可能在今后一千天或者在本届政府任期内完成，甚至也许不可能在我们的有生之年内完成。但是，让我们开始吧。
In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than in mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course. Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. The graves of young Americans who answered the call to service surround the globe.
同胞们，我们方针的最终成败与其说掌握在我手中，不如说掌握在你们手中。自从我国建立以来，每一代美国人都曾受到召唤去证明他们对国家的忠诚。响应召唤而献身的美国青年的坟墓遍及全球。、
Now the trumpet summons us againnot as a call to bear arms, though arms we need; not as a call to battle, though embattled we arebut a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, %uggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself.
现在，号角已再次吹响-不是召唤我们拿起武器，虽然我们需要武器。不是召唤我们去作战，虽然我们严阵以待。它召唤我们为迎接黎明而肩负起慢长斗争的重任，年复一年，“从希望中得到欢乐，在磨难中保持耐性，”对付人类共同的敌人-专制、贫困、疾病和战争本身。
Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort?
为反对这些敌人，确保人类更为丰裕的生活，我们能够组成一个包括东西南北各方的全球大联盟吗?你们愿意参加这一历史性的努力吗?
In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibilityI welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it—and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.
在漫长的世界历史中，只有少数几代人在自由处于最危急的时刻被赋予保卫自由的责任。在这一责任面前，我绝不会退缩，我欢迎它。我不相信我们中间有人想同其他人或其他时代的人交换位置。我们为这一努力所奉献的精力、信念和忠诚，将照亮我们的国家和所有为国效劳的人，而这火焰发出的光芒定能照亮全世界。
And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for youask what you can do for your country.
因此，美国同胞们，不要问国家能为你们做些什么，而要问你们能为国家做些什么。
My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.
全世界的公民们，不要问美国将为你们做些什么，些什么。而要问我们能共同为人类的自由做
Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own.
最后，不论你们是美国公民还是其他国家的公民，请用我们所要求于你们的力量和牺牲的高标准来要求我们。问心无愧是我们唯一可靠的奖赏，历史是我们行动的最终裁判，让我们走向前去，引导我们所热爱的国家。我们祈求上帝的福佑和帮助，但我们知道，上帝在尘世的工作必定是我们自己的工作。
Unit7 the poetry of architecture
1 The science of Architecture, followed out to its full extent, is one of the noblest of those which have reference only to the creations of human minds. It is not merely a science of the rule and compass, it does not consist only in the observation of just rule or of fair proportion; it is , or ought to be, a science of feeling more than of rule, a majesty of a building depend upon its pleasing certain prejudices of the eye, than upon its rousing certain trains of meditation in the mind, it will show in a moment how many intricate question of feeling are involved in the 25
raising of an edifice; it will convince us of the truth of proposition, which might at first have appeared startling, that no man can be an architect who is not a metaphysician.
建筑科学，如果得以充分体现的话，是只与人类心智创造有关的科学中最高贵的科学之一。它不仅仅是尺子与圆规的科学，不仅仅需要遵守恰当的规则或合适的比例，它是或者应该是，一门重感情胜过于规则的科学，它更多的是服务于心灵，而非眼睛。如果我们明白，一座建筑的美和雄伟，很大程度上取决于它能引发心灵的一系列沉思，而非来自于它能满足视觉上的某种偏爱，我们很快就会发现，一座建筑的兴建会涉及多少错综复杂的情感问题。我们会因此而相信一个乍然一听不无惊人的论点，那就是，一个人如果不是玄学家，就无法成为建筑师。
2 To the illustration of the department of this noble science which may be designated The Poetry of Architecture, this and some future articles will be dedicated. It is this peculiarity of the art which constitutes its nationality;And it will be found as interesting as it is useful, to trace in the distinctive characters of the architecture of nations, n
ot only its adaptation to the situation and climate in which it has arisen, but its strong similarity to, and connection with, the prevailing turn of mind by which the nation who first employed it is distinguished.
对这一高尚科学进行说明的文本及今后要写的一些文章都将收入进我暂命名为《建筑之诗意》一书中。正是这一艺术特性构成了它的民族性。建筑不仅与其周围的环境和气候相适应，也与率先采用这种风格的民族的主流性情极其相似，密切关联，这些都可以从各民族的建筑特征中得以追溯，我们会发现，这种追溯既有益，亦有趣。
3 I consider the task I have imposed upon myself the more necessary, because this department of the science, perhaps regarded by some who have no ideas beyond stone and mortar as chimerical, and by others who think nothing necessary but truth and proportion as useless, is at a miserably low ebb in England.And what is the consequence?We have Corinthian columns placed beside pilasters of no order at all, surmounted by monstrosified pepperboxes, Gothic in form and Grecian in detail, in a building nominally and peculiarly “National”; we have Swiss cottages, falsely and calumniously so entitled, dropped in the brickfields round the metropolis; and we have staring squarewindowed, flatroofed gentlemen?s seat, of the lath and plaster, mockmagnificent, Regent?t park description, rising on the woody promontories of Derwent Water.
在我看来，赋予自己这项任务显得尤为重要，因为这门科学在英国正处于可悲的低谷之中：在那些只知石头和砂浆的人看来，它是虚妄幻想；在那些满脑袋只有事实和比例的人看来，它毫无用处。那么结果是什么呢？我们看到科林斯式的柱子竖立在杂乱无章的壁柱旁边，上面是怪异的胡椒罐式的塔顶，形式上是哥特式的，细节上是希腊式的，这种建筑美其名曰别具“民族特色”；我们看到所谓的“瑞士小屋”散落在周围的一片砖砌的房子中实在是糟践了这一名称；我们看到那些平顶、有着显眼的方窗，用条板和石灰建造而成的乡绅别墅，它们仿照摄政王公园的样式，冒充宏伟的气势，耸立在德文特湖林木丛生的岬角上。
4 How deeply is it to be regretted, how much is it to be wondered at, that, in a country whose school of painting, though degraded by its system of meretricious coloring, and disgraced by hosts of would-be imitators of inimitable individuals, is yet raised by the distinguished talent of those individuals to a place of well-deserved honor, and the studios of whose sculptors are filled with designs of the most pure simplicity, and most perfect animation;
the school of architecture should be so miserably debased!
多么令人惋惜，多么令人惊异啊。在这个国家，绘画学派虽然受到华而不实的着色方法的损害，并因成群试图东施效颦的模仿者而蒙羞，但在那些天分超群的画家的带动下，绘画享受着当26 之无愧的荣耀，雕塑家的工作室里随处可见最朴素却最富有生气的设计。 而建筑界竟会堕落到如此悲惨的境地！
5 There are, however, many reasons for a fact so lamentable.In the first place, the patrons of architecture (I am speaking of all classes of buildings, from the lowest to the highest) are a more numerous and less capable class than those of painting…There, the power is generally diffused.Every citizen may box himself up in as barbarous a tenement as suits his taste or inclination;The architect is his vassal, and must permit him not only to criticize, but to
perpetrate.The palace or the nobleman?s seat may be raised in good taste, and be
come the admiration of a nation; but the influence of their owner is terminated by the boundary of his estate: he has no command over the adjacent scenery,And the possessor of every 30 acres around him has him at his mercy.The streets of our cities are examples of the effects of this clashing of different tastes; and they are either remarkable for the utter absence of all attempt at embellishment, or disgraced by every variety of abomination…
不过，现实之所以令人惋惜，原因是多方面的。首先，建筑（我指的是所有等级的建筑，从最低等级到最高等级）的出资人，相比于绘画的赞助者来说，人数更庞大，能力却相形见绌。在建筑领域，权利总体上是分散的。每个公民可以按照自己的品味或爱好，住进粗鄙的房屋里。建筑师是他的仆从，不仅必须听任他批评，还得容忍他胡作非为。宫殿或贵族的宅邸也许能建出好品味，可以成为举国欣赏的对象，但这些建筑的主人的影响力到了地产的边界便中断了：他无法控制周边的景观。他住宅周围的人，只要拥有30英亩土地，就能对他随意摆布。我们的城市街道就体现了不同品位相互冲突的结果：他们或是因为毫无装饰之企图而引人注目，或是因为布满各种面目可憎的建筑而有失脸面。。。。。。
6 I shall attempt, therefore, to endeavor to illustrate the principle from the neglect of which these abuses have arisen; That of unity of feeling, the basis of all grace, the essence of all beauty. We shall consider the architecture of nations as it is influenced by their feelings and manners, as it is connected with the scenery in which it is found, and with the skies under which it was erected;We shall be led as much to the street and the cottage as to the temple and the tower;And shall be more interested in buildings raised by feeling, than in those corrected by rule.We shall commence with the lower class of edifices, proceeding from the roadside to the village, and from the village to the city; and, if we succeed in directing the
attention of a single individual more directly to this most interesting department of the science of architecture, we shall not have written in vain.
因此，我要尽力尝试对建筑原则进行阐释。正是由于漠视了原则，才会产生这些恶果。建筑的原则是感情的统一，这是所有优雅的基础、所有美得本质。当我们考察民族建筑时，应该考虑到它受到了人类情感和风俗的影响，它关乎周围的景致，关乎其下的那片天空。我们不仅应该考察殿堂与高塔，也要考察街道和村舍。我们应该将兴趣更多的投向用感情搭建而成的建筑，而不是用规则制定出来的建筑。我们应该从建筑的低级层次开始，从路边到村庄，再从村庄到城市；如果我们能够成功地进行引导，哪怕只有一个人为此更加直接的注意到建筑学中这最为有趣的领域，我们就没有白费笔墨。
The beauty industry美容业
1 it is a success in so far as more women retain their youthful appearance to a greater age than in the past. ”old ladies ” are already becoming rare. In a few years, we may well believe, they will be extinct. White hair and wrinkles, a bent back and hollow cheeks will come to be regarded as medievally old-fashioned. The crone of the future will be golden, curly and cherry-lipped, neat-ankled and slender. The Portrait of the Artist?s Mother will come to bealmost indistinguishable, at future picture shows, from the Portrait of the Artist?s Daughter. This desirable consummation will be due in part to skin foods and injections of paraffin wax, facial surgery, mud baths, and paint, in part to improved health, due in its turnto a more rational mode of life. Ugliness is one of
the symptoms of disease, beauty of heath. In so far as the campaign for more beauty is also a campaign for more health, it is admirable and, up to a point, genuinely successful. Beauty that is merely the artificial shadow of these symptoms of health is intrinsically of poorer quality than the genuine article. Still, it is a sufficiently good imitation to be sometimes mistakable for the real thing. The apparatus for mimicking the symptoms of health is now within the reach of every moderately prosperous person; the knowledge of the way in which real health can be achieved is growing, and will in time, no doubt, be universally acted upon. When that happy moment comes, will every woman be beautifulas beautiful, at any rate, as the natural shape of her features, with or without surgical and chemical aid permits?
越来越多的女性能更长久的保持青春的容貌，和过去相比，这的确是一种成就。“老太太”已经很少见了。我们有理由相信，几年以后她们将彻底销声匿迹。人们会把白发和皱纹、弯曲的背部和凹陷的双颊视为中世纪的过时风尚。未来的老妇人会拥有卷曲的金发、樱红的嘴唇、光洁的脚蹂、苗条的身材。在未来的画展中，人们将难以分辨哪一幅肖像是艺术家的母亲，哪一幅是艺术家的女儿。这种可人心意的成就，部分可以归功于护肤品、石蜡注射、面部整形、泥浴和化妆，部分可以归功于由于更为理性的生活方式而改善的健康状况。丑陋是疾病的症状之一，美丽则是健康的特征。鉴于追求美丽也是追求健康，这种努力值得赞许，一定程度上也真正获得了成功。模仿健康的外壳，制造人为的假象，这种美丽和真实存在相比，本质上要略胜一筹。不过，作为模仿，它相当出色，有时足以乱真。如今，每个中等富裕的人都买得起相关装备以妆扮出健康的样子，如何真正获得健康的知识也在日益增长，并且无疑会得到适时而全面的推广。当那个幸福的时刻到来的时候，每一位女性是不是都会美丽动人——不管是否用了整形手术、化学试剂，女性是不是能够发挥出天生的丽质？
The answer is emphatically: no. for real beauty is as much an affair of the inner as of the outer self. The beauty of a porcelain jar is a matter of shape, of color, of surface texture. The jar may be empty or tenanted, by spiders, full of honey or stinking slime—it makes no difference to its beauty or ugliness. But a woman is alive, and her beauty is therefore not skin deep. The surface of the human vessel is affected by the nature of its spiritual contents. I have seen women who, by the standards of a connoisseur of porcelain, were ravishingly lovely. Their shape, their color, their surface texture were perfect. And yet they were not beautiful. For the lovely vase was either empty or filled with some corruption. Spiritual emptiness or ugliness shows through. And conversely, there is an interior light that can transfigure forms that the pure aesthetician would regard as imperfect or downright ugly.
答案是斩钉截铁的：“不”。真正的美丽，事关外在的自我，同样也事关内在的自我。瓷瓶的美丽取决于它的形状、颜色和表面质地。饼子可以是空的，也可以由蜘蛛入住。可以装满蜂蜜，也可以装满散发恶臭的烂泥，这一切都影响不到瓷瓶的丑或美。但是女性是活生生的，因此她的美丽就不仅仅是表面的。身体这具容器的外表不会受到精神内涵的影响。我见过一些女性，按照鉴赏家欣赏瓷瓶的标准，她们相当美丽可爱。体型、肤色、肤质样样完美无瑕。但是，她们并不美丽。因为这可爱的花瓶要么是空空如也，要么装满堕落，泄露出了精神的空虚与丑陋。相反，在纯碎的审美家看来不算完美甚至是丑陋不堪的外形，可以在心灵之光的作用下变得美丽。