洛阳理工学院毕业设计论文
参考文献
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洛阳理工学院毕业设计论文
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洛阳理工学院毕业设计论文
外文资料翻译
The catalyzing carbonization properties of
acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS)/rare earth
oxide (La2O3)/organophilic montmorillonite(OMT)
Nanocomposites
Abstract
The catalyzing carbonization properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer
(ABS)
/rare
earth
oxide
(La2O3)
/organophilic
montmorillonite(OMT) nanocomposites have been studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM),thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), laser raman spectroscopy (LSR) and high-resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM) are used to characterize the morphology and properties of the nanocomposites. The results show that intercalated nanocomposites have formed no matter with or without La2O3, and nanocomposites have better thermal stability with high charred residue, especially at the presence of La2O3. With the addition of 3wt%La2O3, the char residue yield of ABS/ 5wt% OMT can be up to 12.6wt% in comparison to 2.4wt% of pure ABS. The LSR and HRTEM are carried out to investigate the structure of the purified char residue of ABS/5wt%OMT/3wt%La2O3, and demonstrate the formation of the graphite structure. The possible catalyzing carbonization mechanism is discussed in this paper.
Keywords ABS . Rare earth oxide .OMT .Nanocomposites . Catalyzing carbonization
Introduction
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洛阳理工学院毕业设计论文
Acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer (ABS) is a widely used engineering thermoplastic, and has broad applications in cars, electronics, architectural materials and so on. Because of the flammable nature of this polymer, there is a need to increase its thermal stability and flame retardant properties. Among the many ways of flame retardation of ABS, halogenated fire retardants have been considered to be the most effective [1].
However, when halogen flame retardants effectively improve fire-retardant properties of polymers,they also bring a number of problems: raising the volume of smoke and toxic gas that the polymers release in combustion and pyrolysis. So halogenated fire retardant methods are limited. Recently intense researches have been performed to replace the halogen type flame retardants by non-halogen types. Nanocomposite technology has been described as the next great frontier of materials science, because by using minimal addition levels (<10 wt.%), nanoclays markedly improved physicochemical properties, thermal stabilities, improved gas barrier properties and reduced flammability, compared with pure polymers or conventional microcomposites [2–6]. The nanocomposites typically consist of organically modified clay and matrix polymers. The most frequently used clay is organically modified montmorillonite(OMT), which is an aluminous silicate mineral obtained by using organic ions to replace the sodium ions present between the clay layers. Because of the poor char residue formation during thermal decomposition of ABS, recently some methods aimed to promote the char residue to improve the flame retardacy and the thermal stability of ABS [7–9]. Bae.JY [7, 8]and his group used Lewis acid-type transition metal chloride additives (e.g.chlorides of chromium, iron, nickel, manganese, copper and tin etc.) to investigate the thermal degradation of ABS, and they found that transition metal chloride catalyzed char formation of ABS in an inert atmosphere with about 10–30% of non volatile product at 600°C. The reason may be that some polymers such as ABS with strongly electronegative groups can coordinate
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洛阳理工学院毕业设计论文
Lewis acids and this may change the polymer degradation mechanism. Some Lewis acids (e.g. chlorides of chromium, iron,nickel, manganese, copper and tin etc.) can markedlycatalyze the char formation and improve the thermalstability of ABS, but also bring about some disadvantages.Some metal chlorides can decompose during material process to release stimulated gas, and they are also harmful to people and environment during the combustion. In the present work, we use an environment-friendly and harmless rare earth oxide (La2O3) to take the place of metal chlorides, and combine with silicate clay to study the catalyzing carbonization of the ABS during thermal decomposition. Rare earth oxide as a solid acid for catalyzing organic reactions [10–12] has a variety of application, such as dehydrogenation, hydrogenation, esterification and so on, which means that it may do something positive to the thermal behaviour of ABS. The results show that the loading of Lewis acids (La2O3) promotes the char residue yield and graphitization of ABS/OMT nanocomposites.
The graphited char is helpful for improving the thermal stability of ABS. The possible catalyzing carbonization mechanism is also discussed in this paper.
Experiments
Materials
The acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS, PA-757K) was supplied as pellets by the Qimei Plastic Limited Company (Zhenjiang, China), and the properties of ABS were listed in Table 1. The hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) (99%, AR) was produced by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Shanghai ,China) , and Lanthanum oxide (La2O3) (99%, AR) were kindly provided by Keyan Company (Hefei, China) .
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