1)tell, say, speak, talk 2)bring, take, carry 3)lend, borrow, keep
4)listen, listen to, hear, hear from, hear of 5)look, look at, see, watch, notice 6)reach, arrive(in / at), get to
7)look for, look after, look at, look up
8)put on, put up, put down, put away, put into 9)look for, find, find out, found 10)take off, take away, take down
11)try on , put on, wear, dress, get dressed 12)ask for, send for
13)get back, give back, take back
14)be made in, be made of, be made from, be made by 15)get on, got off, get into, get out of 16)get in, get up, get on?with 17)go down, go on, go out 18)look out, look out of
19)turn on, turn off, turn up, turn down, turn to, turn over 20)send out, sent to , send away, send up, send for 21)fill?with? be full of? be filled with? 22)get sb.sth give sb.sth, buy sb.sth 23)be in, be out, be away, be over, be up 24)wear out, sell out
25)worry about the worried about 26)cost, pay, spend, take
(5)注意延续性动词(段动词)与瞬间动词(点动词)在用法上的区别。
瞬间动词有: join, buy, come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, open, closed, become, borrow, lend, die, get等。
记住: 瞬间动词(点动词)不能与表示持续一段时间的时间状语连用。
语法复习
一、主动语态, 在初中阶段, 我们学习过以下8种时态, 它们是: 1、一般将来时 2、一般现在时 3、现在进行时 4、现在完成时 5、一般过去时 6、过去进行时 7、过去完成时 8、过去将来时 其中后3种只要求理解, 不要求掌握, 下面, 根据各个时态的特点, 我们分别就时态构成和时间状语进行比较。通过这个总结和比较, 大家会很容易发现两个时态在构成或时间状语上的对应性和规律性, 以达到易学易记, 难忘不混这一事半功倍的目的。尤其要提醒大家
的是, 要注意分清各个时态所对应的不同的时间状语。在没有通过上下文给出语境的情况下, 时间状语就是我们决定使用哪种时态的依据; 也可以说: 不同的时间状语就是不同的时态的标志。
时间状语的比较
1 一般将来时 主 + will + do + 其它 主 + am / is / are + going to + do + 其它 一般现在时 肯定句: 主 + do / does + 其它 否定句: 主 + don't / doesn't + do + 其它 (助动词) 疑问句: Do / Does + 主 + do + 其它 现在进行时 主 + am / is / are + doing + 其它 现在完成时 主 + have / has + done + 其它 过去将来时 主 + would + do + 其它 主 + was / were + going to + do + 其它 一般过去时 主 + did + 其它 主 + didn't + do + 其它 助动词 Did + 主 + do + 其它 过去进行时 主 + was / were + doing + 其它 过去完成时 主 + had + done + 其它 doing——表示动词的现在分词 done——表示动词的过去分词 2 3 4 说明 do——表示动词原形 did——表示动词的过去式 下划线的词为助动词 小结: 通过“构成”上的比较, 很容易发现, 在边一组时态中的助动词都是动词(will, be, do, have)的一般现在时形式, 而右边时态的助动词则都是这些动词的过去式。
时间状语比较 1 一般将来时 一般过去时 (1)tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, (1)yesterday, the day before yesterday, tomorrow morning (evening, afternoon) yesterday morning (evening, afternoon) (2)next time, next Friday, next term, next (2)last time, last Friday, last term, last month month (3)2 hours ago, a week ago, 3 years ago (3)in 2 hours, in a week, in 3 years' time, in a (4)just now = a moment ago minute / monent (4)soon = right away = at once 一般现在时 现在完成时 (1)always, usually, often, sometimes (1)already, yet, ever, never, just, before (2)every day, every morning, every Saturday, (2)for + 一段时间, since + 过去某一点时every time 间 (3)in the morning, on Saturdays (4)once a week, three times, a day, twice a year 2 注意: (1)现在进行时的时间状语只有now, 但Look! Listen!等上下文暗示都可以告诉你用现在进行时。 (2)过去完成时表达的是“过去的过去”, 所以在使用过去完成时的时候, 一定有过去某个时间作为依托, 它的过去, 才用过去完成时表示。 (3)过去将来时一般用于主句是过去时的从句之中。
(4)过去进行时强调过去某一刻 / 某一刹那正在发生的动作或存在的状态, 时间状语有: at that time, at that moment, this time yesterdayevening等。
二、接着, 我们复习被动语态, 我们知道, 被动语态是由be + done(动词的过去分词)构成的, 初中阶段只要求掌握: 被动语态的一般现在时, 一般过去时和含有情态动词的被动语态。
被动语态构成比较
一般现在时 主 + am / is / are + done 说明(1)done表示动词的过去分词 (2)下划线的词为助动词
三、最后我们复习一下从句和疑问句 初中阶段我们重点学习了宾语从句和状语从句。 (1)对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点 ①语序: 从句的语序必须是陈述句语序, 即“主语 + 谓语”这种形式。 ②时态: 当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候, 从句可以是任何时态, 而当主句是一般过去时的时候, 从句, 从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态, 即(一般过去时, 过去进行时, 过去完成时, 过去将来时)。 ③连接词: 当从句意思完整, 主句意思肯定时, 连接词用that, 且可以省去, 当从句意思完整, 主句意思不确定或含否定含意时, 常用if或whether(是否), 当从句意思不完整时, 连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词。
(2)对于状语从句, 我们主要学习了时间状语从句和条件状语从句。对于这两种状语从句, 除了注意语序要用陈述句语序外, 在时态上尤其要注意, “主将从现”这种结构(即: 当主句是将来时态时候), 从句如果也要用将来时, 则必须用一般现在时代替一般将来时, 时间状语从句和条件状语从句的连接词通常为: when, while, as soon as, until和if。所以, 当连接词为以上五个词时, 如果主句是将来时, 就要考虑从句是否也要用将来时, 如果是, 则用“主将从现”结构, 其它还有由so?that?构成的结果状语从句, 由Though?或?but?, 构成的让步状语从句和由because或so构成的原因状语从句, 注意Though(虽然)与but(但是), because(因为)与so(所以)不能同时出现在句子里, 只用其中之一表达汉语中两个词的意义。 (3)疑问句, 我们主要要复习一下选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 ①一般疑问句只要把相应的助动词放在句首即可, 特殊疑问句主要是要明白这个特殊疑问词的含义和替代的对象。 ②要注意的是选择疑问句是由“一般疑问句 + 其它选项(中间用逗号隔开) + or + 最后一个选项”构成的, 回答时不能用Yes或No, 必须作出选择。 ③反意疑问句要注意, 后边的反问句中人称必须用代词, 同时要注意前一句中是否有否定含义的词, 如never, little, few, hardly等。
一般过去时 主 + was / were + done 含情态动词 主 + 情态动词 + be done 语法综合练习
【专项训练】
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空:
1、Tom (be) in Paris since 2 years ago. 2、I (be) to the Great Wall twice. 3、My uncle (be) in this city for many years. 4、We (visit) our teacher already. 5、 May (go) home yet? 6、He (read) the book 3 times. 7、They just (leave) the farm. 8、She (not play) football these days. 9、My friend (see) the film before. 10、He never (meet) a foreigner. 11、He (give) you the answer as soon as he (come) back. 12、There (be) a meeting tomorrow. Please (come) on time. 13、My mother (work) for 3 years. 14、 (be) there much snow last winter? No, there (not). 15、We (start) at 10 if it (stop) raining. 16、The plane (take off) in a moment. 17、It (rain) for 3 days. There are too much rain is year. 18、How long you uncle (live) in Beijing. 19、We (learn) many words since we can to this school. 20、Where is Tom? He (go) to Hangzhou. he ever (be) there before? Yes. He (be) there 3 times. When he (go) there? He (go) there 3 days ago. 21、The wind (blow) hard yesterday. It (blow) off my hat. 22、 you (hear) the news last night? 23、They (write) letters the whole morning. They didn't have a rest. 24、One day I (happen) to be alone at home. He (come) and we (have) a chat.(聊天) 25、She often (talk) about that book. 26、The train (leave) in 10 minutes. 27、Look! The children (play) in the park. 28、I already (walk) for 20 minutes. I'm too lived. 29、How long your father (live) in Beijing. 30、I (not read) today's newspaper yet it (come)? 31、His father (be) a doctor since 1987. 32、The foreign guests (arrive) in 5 minutes. 33、I (see) her this morning. What's wrong with her? 34、The boy (study) now. (not make) any noise. 35、Yesterday I (go) to (see) a film. On my way to the cinema, I (meet) your mother there. We (talk) a lot. We (be) very happy. 36、What you usually (do) after class? Sometimes I (go) to the library and sometimes I (have) sports with my classmates.
37、The students (listen) to the radio. (not sing) here, please. 38、I'm late the train (leave)? 39、Last week my grandma (go) to (see) a friend of her. She (be) very happy. She (cook) a good dinner. They (enjoy) it very much. 40、Tomorrow (be) Sunday. I (visit) an old friend. 41、I (fall) and (hurt) my neck last week. 42、Sometimes Li Ming (do) his homework at school. Now he (do) it in the classroom. 43、What Lin Ying (do) now? She (help) Wang Lin with his lessons. she often (help) him with his lessons? Yes, she (help) him with his lessons twice a week. 44、We (have) one or two new subjects every year. We (have) physics next year. I (work) hard at it. 45、It's five o'clock now. The students (clean) their classroom. 46、Li Fang's father (work) in that school. 47、We (have) a good time in the Summer Palace last Sunday. 48、He (not do) the cooking yesterday. 49、Look! the students (dance). 50、Mary (listen) to the radio when her mother came in. 51、Last night the boy (draw) a picture. 52、My mother (work) for 3hours. She is very busy. 53、I already (walk) for 20 minutes. I'm too tired to move. 54、They (wait) for us for 3 hours. 55、It's ten o'clock now. The meeting (last) for 2 hours. 56、May I borrow the book \ Sorry, I (return) it. 57、A: How many times you (see) the film? B: About 5 times. A: When you (see) it for the first time? B: 2 years ago. A: you (like) it? B: Yes. I (like) it very much?
二、根据句意, 选用方框中所给动词的适当形式填空:
A sleep, crowd round, try, watch, answer rain, worry, put on, clean, talk arrive in, prefer?to, do, catch up
1、My grandmather usually TV after supper. 2、I don't know how this question. 3、The teacher told him not to be late. 4、I won't go to see you if it tomorrow. 5、Have you your homework yet? 6、The students their teacher and asking a lot of question now. 7、Our friend tea coffee.