The United Nations was set up in 1942. 联合国建于1942年。
The Canterbury Tales was written by Chaucer. 《坎特伯雷故事集》是乔叟写的。 Economics is my major. 经济学是我的主修课程。
7）某些形容词或分词和定冠词the连用表示某类人作主语，谓语用复数。
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
病人得到医治，失踪的也已找回来了。
8）由and连接两个单数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 English and Chinese are quite different languages.
若and并列的主语在意义上指同一个人，同一概念或对立统一的事物，谓语动词用单数。
The manager and secretary is as busy as a bee all day. 那位经理兼秘书整天忙忙碌碌。（两个名词共用一个冠词，指同一个人）
War and peace is a contant theme in history. 战争与和平是历史永恒的主题。（对立统一的一对事物）
9）单复数同形的名词如deer, means；集合名词如family作主语，如何决定谓语动词的单复数，请见第四章冠词。
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Exercise 1 主谓一致
1．I, who your friend, will try my best to help you.
A．be B．am C．is D．are 2．The United States must look out of the rights of citizens. A．its B．their C．ours D．us
3．So far as I know, more than one person connected with the accident. A．is B．has C．are D．have 4．Maths as well as physics always me to much trouble. A．causes B．puts C．cause D．put
5．Not only you and I but Peter, the top student in our grade, not able to solve the problem.
A．are B．were C．is D．am
6．There one or two things that I have to mention.
A．is B．are C．has D．have 7． Either I or my accountant（会计） to blame for the loss ? A．Is B．Are C．Am D．Does
8．So far 70% of the poor in this area out of poverty（贫困）with the help of the local
government.
A．has got B．are getting C．have got D．had got
9．Collecting stamps as a hobby increasingly popular during the past ten years. A．became B．becomes C．has become D．have become
10．Whether or not the new plan will produce any positive（积极的）results to be seen. A．remain B．is remained C．remains D．have remained 11．Too much work and too little rest bad health.
A．lead to B．leads to C．result in D．result from 12．He is the only one of those speakers who ideas perfectly clear. A．make their B．makes his C．express their D．express 13．Every possible means tried, but without much result. A．has been B．have been C．are D．is 14．Ten minutes an hour when one is waiting for a phone call. A．seem B．look C．seems D．looks 15．All we have seen and heard our memory. A．is deeply impressed on B．great impress C．are strongly impressed in D．highly impresses 1-5 BAABC 6-10 AACCC 11-15 BBACA
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第三章 代 词
单 数 人 称 代 词 物 形容词性 主 代 词 Himself 反身代词 myself yourself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs my your his her its our your their 宾格 me you him her it us you them 主格 第 一 人 称 I 第 二 人 称 you 第 三 人 称 he she it 第 一 人 称 we 复 数 第 二 人 称 you 第 三 人 称 they 一、人称代词的用法 1．人称代词的主格在句中作主语
He is always thinking more of others than of himself. 2．人称代词的宾格作动词和介词的宾语 You can’t trust him. Who else wants to go for a picnic besides him ? 注1．主格，宾格均可作表语，在口语中用宾格较多 If I were she, I would act on the doctor’s advice. —— Who is knocking at the door ? —— It’s me. ※注2．作主语的人称代词孤立地使用在无谓语动词的句中，常用宾格 —— I want an apple. —— Me, too. “What ! Me to say sorry to him ? No!”
注3．两个或两个以上的人称代词并列时，其顺序是： 单数按2，3，1人称排列；复数按1，2，3人称排列。 You, she（Mary）and I must attend today’s meeting.
※I and Tom are to blame.该责备的是我和汤姆（在承认错误或自我批评时，说话人一般把自己
放在他人之前讲。）
二、it的用法
1．代替已提到的事物或上文提及的情况 He bought a magazine and lent it to me.
Her mother has died. It is a terrible shock to her. 她母亲死了。这对她打击很大。
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2．用于It+be+n/adj句型中，说明天气、时间、距离等 It is freezing cold today.
It is five minutes’ ride from here to the station.
3．（未指明但谈话双方都明白的）那件事；那种情况。 -------- Do you like it here?
------- Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is nice. 4．代替性别尚不明的婴儿和小孩
She was holding a baby in her arms and it was crying.
5．作形式主语或形式宾语，代替作主语或宾语的不定式，动名词或从句 It was kind of you to send me a present.（it作形式主语）
I make it a rule to walk two miles a day.我通常一天步行二英里。（it作形式宾语） I take it that you don’t agree with me.我的理解是，你和我看法不同。（it作形式宾语） ☆注：少数动词，如take（理解），hate，dislike，不能直接带宾语从句，须在动词和宾语从
句之间，加形式宾语it。
5．It is/was … that …. 构成强调句，强调句中某一部分 It was I that/who told him about it.（强调主语I）
三、物主代词
1．形容词性物主代词只能作名词的前置定语，不能单独使用 Those people are my schoolmates. 2．名词性物主代词单独使用，在句中作主语，表语和宾语 作主语 Your bike is black. Mine（Mine = My bike）is red. 作表语 This fault is yours, not hers. 这是你的过错，不是她的错。 作宾语 There is something wrong with my bike. May I use yours ? 3．名词性物主代词与of连用构成双重所有格 1）表示部分概念
Yesterday I came across an old friend of mine（= one of my old friends）in the street. 2）表示强调
We show great interest in this invention of yours（= your invention）
Be sure not to believe that daughter of hers（her daughter）千万别信她的那个女儿。
四、反身代词
1．作动词或介词的宾语
She has been teaching herself English. 她一直在自学英语。 2．作表语
I am not quite myself today. 我今天身体不太好。 3．作主语或宾语的同位语，译“亲自”；“本人，自己”
The mayor himself will look into the matter. 市长将亲自调查这件事。 You’d better ask the patient himself about his trouble. 关于病人的病情，你最好问他自己。 4．反身代词的重要短语
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I gave the room a good cleaning all by myself. by oneself = alone /on my own 独自一人 I will be myself in no time. be oneself 身体或大脑正常 Please make yourself at home. 请不要受拘束 help oneself to sth. 自行取用，随意拿取 Help yourself to apples.
No one was there, so she helped herself to all the money on the table. He came to himself a few minutes later. come to oneself 苏醒 It is better to think for yourself. think for onself 独立思考，自己作出决定
I’d be grateful (thankful) if you keep this information to yourself. keep sth. to oneself 不把某事告诉别人
五、相互代词
each other一般指两者；one another一般指三者或三者以上。但现在可以通用，不加区别。在
句中仅作宾语，不能作主语。
We should care for each other and help each other.
They often stay at one another’s houses. 他们经常住在彼此的家里。
六、不定代词
1．some和any
some及复合代词someone, something用于肯定句。 any及复合代词用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。 Some of the milk has gone bad. I haven’t any money on me.
If anything unusual happens, let me know. 若发生异常情况，请告诉我。 注1．若表示请求，建议，尽管是疑问句，用some，不用any。 Would you like some more coffee ? Shall I bring some food to the party ?
注2．any及复合代词也可用于肯定句，表示三者或三者以上中任何一个。 ．．．．．． I think any of his movies would interest you. —— Which would you like, tea, coffee or wine ? —— Any will do. 随便哪一个都行。 2．each和every
each用于强调两个或两个以上的人或事物中每一个。既可作定语，也可作主语和宾语。 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． Each of the boys has his strong and weak points. There is a bookstore on each side of the street.
every（形容词）用于表示三个或三个以上的人或事物中每一个。在句中只能作定语。 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． I have read every book he lent me.
请注意以下不定代词的特殊用法或固定搭配 ① I have read it in some magazine. some修饰单数可数名词，相当于a certain
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