齐齐哈尔大学 机电工程学院
化工原理课程设计
柴油加热器设计说明书
设计者：班级：过控114班
组长：何.
成员：李.. 张.. 崔.. 杨..
日期 ：2013年8月20日
指导教师 设计成绩
0页- 25 -
齐齐哈尔大学 机电工程学院
目录
一．设计说明································································ 二．概述······································································· 三．设计条件及主要物性的确定··················································
1．定性温度的确定························································· 2．流体有关物性··························································· 四. 确定设计方案······························································
1． 选择换热器的类型······················································ 五．估算传热面积·····························································
1. 传热器的热负荷······················································· 2. 平均传热温差························································· 3. 传热面积估算························································· 六．工程结构尺寸·····························································
1. 管径和管内流速························································ 2. 管程数和传热管数······················································ 3. 平均传热温差校正和壳程数·············································· 4. 传热管排列和分程方法·················································· 5. 壳程内径······························································ 6. 折流板································································ 7. 其他附件······························································ 8. 接管·································································· 七．换热器核算································································· 1.热流量核算······························································· （1）壳程表面传热系数··················································· （2）管程表面传热系数··················································· （3）污垢热阻和管壁热阻················································· （4）传热系数K························································· （5）传热面积裕度······················································· 2.壁温核算································································· 3.换热器内流体的流动阻力··················································· （1）管程流动阻力························································ （2）壳程流动阻力······················································· 八．换热器主要工艺结构尺寸和计算结果表······································· 九．设备参考数计算··························································· 1.壳体····································································
（1）壳体内经··························································· （2）壳体壁厚···························································
（3）壳体质量··························································· 2.管板···································································· （1）管板参数··························································· （2）管板与壳体的连接··················································· （3）管子在管板上的固定方式············································· 3.拉杆····································································
1页- 25 -
齐齐哈尔大学 机电工程学院
4.分程隔板································································ 5.折流板·································································· 6.封头及管箱······························································ （1）封头······························································· （2）管箱······························································· （3）管箱法兰及筒体法兰················································· 7.接管及其法兰···························································· 8.排气排液口······························································ 9.浮头···································································· 10.支座设计······························································· （1）支座的设计选型····················································· 十．设计计算结果汇总表······················································· 十一．设计总结································································ 十二.主要符号说明···························································· 十三.参考文献································································
2页- 25 -
齐齐哈尔大学 机电工程学院
齐齐哈尔大学
1.化 工 原 理 课 程 设 计 任 务 书
专业：过程装备与控制工程 班级：11.班
姓名：何. 学号：201111?? 1. 设计题目：原油加热器的设计 2. 操作条件：
（1）处理量： 柴油处理量：34000kg/h 原油处理量：44000kg/h （2）设备型式： 浮头式换热器
（3）操作条件： 柴油： 进口温度： 175℃ 原油： 进口温度： 70℃ 出口温度; 110℃ 设计条件： （1）：两侧污垢热阻为0.0002 m·℃/w （2）：管程两侧压降小于或等于0.3 at,壳程小于0.5 at （3）：热损失 5%
3.设计一台适宜浮头式换热器，完成生产任务。 4.画出装备图
3页- 25 -
齐齐哈尔大学 机电工程学院
2.概述及简介
换热器是将热流体的部分热量传递给冷流体的设备，又称热交换器。换热器是实现化工生产过程中热量交换和传递不可缺少的设备。在石油、化工、轻工、制药、能源等工业生产中，常常用作把低温流体加热或者把高温流体冷却，把液体汽化成蒸汽或者把蒸汽冷凝成液体。换热器既可是一种单元设备，如加热器、冷却器和凝汽器等；也可是某一工艺设备的组成部分，如氨合成塔内的换热器。换热器是化工生产中重要的单元设备，根据统计，热交换器的吨位约占整个工艺设备的20%有的甚至高达30%，其重要性可想而知。 管壳式
管壳式换热器是一个量大而品种繁多的产品，迫切需要新的耐磨损、耐腐蚀、高强度材料。我国在发展不锈钢铜合金复合材料、铝镁合金及碳化硅等非金属材料等方面都有不同程度的进展，其中尤以钛材发展较快。钛对海水、氯碱、醋酸等有较好的抗腐蚀能力，如再强化传热，效果将更好，一些制造单位已较好的掌握了钛材的加工制造技术。
浮头换热器的浮头部分结构，按不同的要求可设计成各种形式，除必须考虑管束能在设备内自由移动外，还必须考虑到浮头部分的检修、安装和清洗的方便。
4页- 25 -