2、如果损坏的是一个数据文件，建议offline并在open方式下恢复;
3、这里可以看到，RMAN进行数据文件与表空间恢复的时候，代码都比较简单，而且能保证备
份与恢复的可靠性，所以建议采用RMAN的备份与恢复.
4.3丢失多个数据文件，实现整个数据库的恢复.
4.3.1 OS备份方案
OS备份归档模式下损坏（丢失）多个数据文件，进行整个数据库的恢复 1、 连接数据库，创建测试表并插入记录
SQL> connect internal/password as sysdba; Connected.
SQL> create table test(a int); Table created
SQL> insert into test values(1); 1 row inserted SQL> commit; Commit complete
2、 备份数据库，备份除临时数据文件后的所数据文件
SQL> @hotbak.sql 或在DOS下 svrmgrl @hotbak.sql
3、 继续在测试表中插入记录
SQL> insert into test values(2); 1 row inserted SQL> commit; Commit complete
SQL> select * from test; A
--------------------------------------- 1 2
SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered.
SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered.
4、 关闭数据库，模拟丢失数据文件
SQL> shutdown immediate; Database closed.
Database dismounted.
Oracle instance shut down
C:\\>del D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\SYSTEM01.DBF C:\\>del D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\INDX01.DBF C:\\>del D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\TOOLS01.DBF C:\\>del D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\RBS01.DBF 模拟媒体毁坏（这里删除多个数据文件）
5、 启动数据库，检查错误
SQL> STARTUP
Oracle instance started.
Total System Global Area 102020364 bytes Fixed Size 70924 bytes Variable Size 85487616 bytes Database Buffers 16384000 bytes Redo Buffers 77824 bytes Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\SYSTEM01.DBF'
详细信息可以查看报警文件
ORA-1157 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE OPEN... Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003
Errors in file D:\\Oracle\\admin\\test\\bdump\\testDBW0.TRC:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\SYSTEM01.DBF' ORA-27041: unable to open file OSD-04002: unable to open file
O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。
Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003
Errors in file D:\\Oracle\\admin\\test\\bdump\\testDBW0.TRC:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 2 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 2: 'D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\RBS01.DBF' ORA-27041: unable to open file OSD-04002: unable to open file
O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。
Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003
Errors in file D:\\Oracle\\admin\\test\\bdump\\testDBW0.TRC:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 5 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 5: 'D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\TOOLS01.DBF' ORA-27041: unable to open file OSD-04002: unable to open file
O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。
Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003
Errors in file D:\\Oracle\\admin\\test\\bdump\\testDBW0.TRC:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 6: 'D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\INDX01.DBF' ORA-27041: unable to open file OSD-04002: unable to open file
O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。
通过查询v$recover_file可以看到
SQL> select * from v$recover_file;
FILE# ONLINE ERROR CHANGE# TIME
---------- ------- ------------------ ---------- ----------- 1 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 2 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 5 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 6 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0
有四个数据文件需要恢复
6、 拷贝备份回到原地点(restore)，开始恢复数据库(recover)
restore过程:
C:\\>copy D:\\DATABAK\\SYSTEM01.DBF D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\ C:\\>copy D:\\DATABAK\\TEST\\INDX01.DBF D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\ C:\\>copy D:\\DATABAK\\TEST\\TOOLS01.DBF D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\ C:\\>copy D:\\DATABAK\\TEST\\RBS01.DBF.DBF D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\
Recover过程:
SQL> recover database;
ORA-00279: change 1073849 generated at 05/08/2003 08:58:35 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\ARCHIVE\\TESTT001S00311.ARC ORA-00280: change 1073849 for thread 1 is in sequence #311
Specify log: {
ORA-00279: change 1073856 generated at 05/08/2003 09:03:27 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\ARCHIVE\\TESTT001S00312.ARC ORA-00280: change 1073856 for thread 1 is in sequence #312
ORA-00278: log file 'D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\ARCHIVE\\TESTT001S00311.ARC' no longer needed for this recovery
ORA-00279: change 1073858 generated at 05/08/2003 09:11:43 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\ARCHIVE\\TESTT001S00313.ARC ORA-00280: change 1073858 for thread 1 is in sequence #313
ORA-00278: log file 'D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\ARCHIVE\\TESTT001S00312.ARC' no longer needed for this recovery
ORA-00279: change 1073870 generated at 05/08/2003 09:11:46 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\ARCHIVE\\TESTT001S00314.ARC ORA-00280: change 1073870 for thread 1 is in sequence #314
ORA-00278: log file 'D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\ARCHIVE\\TESTT001S00313.ARC' no longer needed for this recovery
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.
7、 打开数据库，检查数据库的数据（完全恢复）
SQL> alter database open; Database altered.
SQL> select * from test; A
--------------------------------------- 1 2
说明：
1、只要有备份与归档存在，就可以实现数据库的完全恢复（不丢失数据）; 2、适合于丢失大量数据文件，或包含系统数据文件在内的数据库的恢复;
3、恢复过程在mount下进行，如果恢复成功，再打开数据库，down机时间可能比较长一些。
4.3.2 RMAN备份方案
RMAN备份归档模式下损坏（丢失）多个数据文件，进行整个数据库的恢复 1、连接数据库，创建测试表并插入记录
SQL> connect internal/password as sysdba; Connected.
SQL> create table test(a int); Table created
SQL> insert into test values(1); 1 row inserted SQL> commit; Commit complete
2、备份数据库
DOS下 C:>\\ rman cmdfile=bakup.rcv msglog=backup.log;
以下是backup.log内容。
Recovery Manager: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production RMAN> # script:bakup.rcv 2> # creater:chenjiping 3> # date:5.8.2003
4> # desc:backup all database datafile in archive with rman 5>
6> #connect database
7> connect rcvcat rman/rman@back; 8> connect target internal/virpure; 9>
10> #start backup database 11> run{
12> allocate channel c1 type disk;
13> backup full tag 'dbfull' format 'd:\\backup\\full%u_%s_%p' database 14> include current controlfile;
15> sql 'alter system archive log current'; 16> release channel c1; 17> } 18> #end 19>
RMAN-06008: connected to recovery catalog database
RMAN-06005: connected to target database: TEST (DBID=1788174720) RMAN-03022: compiling command: allocate RMAN-03023: executing command: allocate RMAN-08030: allocated channel: c1
RMAN-08500: channel c1: sid=15 devtype=DISK RMAN-03022: compiling command: backup RMAN-03023: executing command: backup
RMAN-08008: channel c1: starting full datafile backupset
RMAN-08502: set_count=4 set_stamp=494074368 creation_time=15-MAY-03 RMAN-08010: channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00002 name=D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\RBS01.DBF RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00001 name=D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\SYSTEM01.DBF RMAN-08011: including current controlfile in backupset
RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00005 name=D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\TOOLS01.DBF RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00004 name=D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\TEMP01.DBF RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00006 name=D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\INDX01.DBF RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00003 name=D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\USER01.DBF RMAN-08013: channel c1: piece 1 created
RMAN-08503: piece handle=D:\\BACKUP\\FULL04EN5UG0_4_1 comment=NONE RMAN-08525: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:16 RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync
RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog RMAN-08005: partial resync complete RMAN-03022: compiling command: sql
RMAN-06162: sql statement: alter system archive log current RMAN-03023: executing command: sql
RMAN-03022: compiling command: release RMAN-03023: executing command: release RMAN-08031: released channel: c1 Recovery Manager complete. 到这里表示备份成功。
3、 继续在测试表中插入记录
SQL> insert into test values(2); 1 row inserted SQL> commit; Commit complete
SQL> select * from test; A
--------------------------------------- 1 2
SQL>alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered.
4、 关闭数据库，模拟丢失数据文件
SQL> shutdown immediate; Database closed.
Database dismounted.
Oracle instance shut down
C:\\>del D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\SYSTEM01.DBF C:\\>del D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\INDX01.DBF C:\\>del D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\TOOLS01.DBF
C:\\>del D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\RBS01.DBF
5、启动数据库，检查错误 SQL> STARTUP
Oracle instance started.
Total System Global Area 102020364 bytes Fixed Size 70924 bytes Variable Size 85487616 bytes Database Buffers 16384000 bytes Redo Buffers 77824 bytes Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\SYSTEM01.DBF'
查询v$recover_file
SQL> select * from v$recover_file;
FILE# ONLINE ERROR CHANGE# TIME
---------- ------- ------------------ ---------- ----------- 1 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 2 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 5 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 6 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0
可以知道有四个数据文件需要恢复.
6、利用RMAN进行恢复
C:\\>rman
Recovery Manager: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production RMAN> connect rcvcat rman/rman@back
RMAN-06008: connected to recovery catalog database RMAN> connect target internal/virpure
RMAN-06005: connected to target database: TEST (DBID=1788174720) RMAN> run{
2> allocate channel c1 type disk; 3> restore database; 4> recover database;
5> sql 'alter database open'; 6> release channel c1; 7> }
RMAN-03022: compiling command: allocate RMAN-03023: executing command: allocate RMAN-08030: allocated channel: c1
RMAN-08500: channel c1: sid=17 devtype=DISK RMAN-03022: compiling command: restore
RMAN-03025: performing implicit partial resync of recovery catalog RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync
RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog RMAN-08005: partial resync complete
RMAN-03022: compiling command: IRESTORE RMAN-03023: executing command: IRESTORE
RMAN-08016: channel c1: starting datafile backupset restore
RMAN-08502: set_count=4 set_stamp=494074368 creation_time=15-MAY-03
RMAN-08089: channel c1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00001 to D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\SYSTEM01.DBF RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00002 to D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\RBS01.DBF RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00003 to D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\USER01.DBF RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00004 to D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\TEMP01.DBF RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00005 to D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\TOOLS01.DBF RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00006 to D:\\Oracle\\ORADATA\\TEST\\INDX01.DBF RMAN-08023: channel c1: restored backup piece 1
RMAN-08511: piece handle=D:\\BACKUP\\FULL04EN5UG0_4_1 tag=DBFULL params=NULL