北京理工大学珠海学院2014届本科生毕业设计
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本人郑重承诺：本人承诺呈交的毕业设计《东风帅客悬架结构设计》是在指导教师的指导下，独立开展研究取得的成果，文中引用他人的观点和材料，均在文后按顺序列出其参考文献，设计使用的数据真实可靠。
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北京理工大学珠海学院2014届本科生毕业设计
东风帅客悬架结构设计
摘 要
悬架是现代汽车上的重要组成之一，它的主要作用是传递车轮和车身之间的力和力矩，并且缓和由不平路面传给车身的冲击载荷，衰减由此引起的振动，保证乘员的舒适性，减小货物和车辆本身的动载荷。
本文主要完成东风帅客2013款悬架结构的设计。设计中首先介绍了乘用车悬架结构的研究现状，对悬架的作用、悬架的分类以及悬架的设计要求进行了概述；然后确定了东风帅客的悬架结构形式为前麦弗逊悬架独立悬架，后钢板弹簧非独立悬架；然后完成悬架各零部件进行参数设计计算和校核。计算过程先确定东风帅客悬架主要性能参数，包括悬架静挠度、动挠度等；而后进行前后悬架弹性元件设计计算，包括螺旋弹簧、钢板弹簧、减震器等元件基本参数的设计计算以及强度校核；最后对本设计做出结论分析和利用CAD绘图软件完成麦弗逊悬架和钢板弹簧悬架的装配图和部分零件图的绘制。
关键词：麦弗逊悬架；钢板弹簧悬架；减震器；结构设计
北京理工大学珠海学院2014届本科生毕业设计
The Design of the Suspension Structure of Dongfeng shaico
Abstract
Suspension is one of the important components of modern cars.Its main functions are transmitting forces and torques between the wheels and bodies,easing the impact load from the uneven surfaces which delivers to the body, decaying the resulting vibration, ensuring the passengers’ comfort and decreasing the dynamic load from both the goods and the vehicles.
This paper is mainly about the design of the suspension structure of Dongfeng Succe. First ,it introduces the research status of suspension structure of the passenger cars,and the overview of suspension function, suspension classification and suspension design requirements. Second, it sets the suspension structure type as front MacPherson dependent suspension and rear leaf spring independent suspension. Third, the parameter of every component of suspension is designed and checked. During calculation, the main performance parameters of the suspension , such as, static deflection, dynamic deflection ,etc should be determined . Then the front and rear of suspension elastic components are designed and calculated, including coil spring, leaf spring, shock absorber, those component’s basic parameters design caculation and strength check.Finally, this paper is made to a analysis and summary, and the assemble diagram and parts of spare parts diagram of MacPherson suspension and leaf spring suspension are completed by using CAD software.
Keywords: Front MacPherson dependent suspension ; Leaf spring suspension;
Shock absorber; Structure design
北京理工大学珠海学院2014届本科生毕业设计
目 录
1前言 ...................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1悬架设计在国内外的发展概况及存在的问题 ....................................................................... 1 1.2悬架研究的目的、意义及设计要求 ....................................................................................... 2 1.3本设计应解决的主要问题 ....................................................................................................... 3 2悬架结构的确定 .................................................................................................................................. 4
2.1汽车悬架的组成及各部件的作用 ........................................................................................... 4 2.2非独立悬架的分类及特点 ....................................................................................................... 4 2.2独立悬架的分类及特点 ........................................................................................................... 6 2.3前后悬架系统的确定 ............................................................................................................... 7
2.3.1 前独立悬架结构的确定 ............................................................................................... 8 2.3.2 后悬架结构的确定 ....................................................................................................... 9
3悬架主要参数的确定 ........................................................................................................................ 10
3.1东风帅客基本参数 ................................................................................................................. 10 3.2悬架主要性能参数的确定 ..................................................................................................... 10
3.2.1 悬架静挠度和动挠度的确定 ..................................................................................... 10 3.2.2平顺性参数的确定 ...................................................................................................... 13 3.2.3操纵稳定性参数的确定 .............................................................................................. 14 3.2.4纵向稳定性参数的确定 .............................................................................................. 16
4悬架弹性元件和减震器的设计计算 ................................................................................................. 18
4.1钢板弹簧主要参数和尺寸的确定 ......................................................................................... 18
4.1.1 钢板弹簧材料的确定 ................................................................................................. 18 4.1.2钢板弹簧主片长度L的确定 ..................................................................................... 20 4.1.3钢板弹簧断面高度及片数的确定 .............................................................................. 20 4.1.4自由状态下弧高和曲率半径的确定 .......................................................................... 23 4.1.5装配前各片弹簧自由状态下曲率半径的确定 .......................................................... 24 4.1.6钢板弹簧的强度校核 .................................................................................................. 25 4.1.7钢板弹簧卷耳强度核算 .............................................................................................. 26
北京理工大学珠海学院2014届本科生毕业设计
4.2麦弗逊悬架螺旋弹簧的设计 ................................................................................................. 27
4.2.1螺旋弹簧材料的确定 .................................................................................................. 27 4.2.2螺旋弹簧直径和刚度的确定 ...................................................................................... 27 4.2.3螺旋弹簧其他几何参数的确定 .................................................................................. 29 4.2.4螺旋弹簧稳定性校核 .................................................................................................. 30 4.2.5螺旋弹簧扭转应力的校核 .......................................................................................... 30 4.3减震器的设计 ......................................................................................................................... 31
4.3.1减震器的选择 .............................................................................................................. 31 4.3.2双筒式减震器的工作原理 .......................................................................................... 31 4.3.3减震器相对阻尼系数的选择 ...................................................................................... 32 4.3.4减震器阻尼系数?的确定 .......................................................................................... 33 4.3.5最大卸荷力
F0的确定 ................................................................................................ 34
4.3.6筒式减震器工作缸直径D的确定 ............................................................................. 35
5结论 .................................................................................................................................................... 38 参考文献 ............................................................................................................................................... 39 谢辞 ....................................................................................................................................................... 40 附录 ....................................................................................................................................................... 41
1麦弗逊悬架装配图 .................................................................................................................... 41 2钢板弹簧悬架装配图 ................................................................................................................ 42 3外文翻译 ................................................................................................................................... 43