吉 林 农 业 科 技 学 院
学 士 学 位 论 文
论 文 题 目： 基于单片机教室灯光智能控制系统 —环境光采集、热释红外传感系统设计年 级 专 业： 10级电子信息科学与技术 学 生 姓 名： 孙丽爽 学 号： 1005601131 指 导 教 师： 谢艳新
评 阅 教 师： 王海波 完 成 日 期： 2014年6月13日
吉林农业科技学院
基于单片机教室灯光智能控制系统
基于单片机教室灯光智能控制系统 —环境光采集、热释红外传感系统设计
学 生: 孙丽爽
专 业: 电子信息科学与技术 指导教师: 谢艳新
摘 要
本研究针对教室灯光的控制方法，尤其是教室灯光的智能控制方面的发展现状，分析了教室灯光智能控制的原理和实现方法，提出了基于单片机的教室灯光智能控制系统的设计思路，并在此基础上开发了智能控制系统的硬件装置和相应软件。
该系统以STC89C51单片机作为控制模块的核心部件，采用热释红外人体传感器检测人体的存在，采用光敏电阻构成的电路检测环境光的强度；根据教室合理开灯的条件，通过对人体存在信号和环境光信号的识别与判断，完成对教室灯光的智能控制，避免了教室用电的大量浪费。系统还具有报警功能；同时还采用了软/硬件的“看门狗”等抗干扰措施。
关键词：热释红外人体传感器；STC89C51单片机；光敏电阻
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基于单片机教室灯光智能控制系统
Classroom Lighting Intelligent Control System
—The ambient light gathering pyroelectric infrared sensor system
Name: lishuang Sun
Major: Electronic Information Science and Technology
Tutor: yanxin Xie
Abstract
The research of control method for classroom lighting, especially classroom lighting intelligent control development present situation, analyzed the principle and realization method of classroom lighting intelligent control, and proposes a new design classroom lighting intelligent control system based on single chip microcomputer, hardware device is developed based on the intelligent control system and corresponding software.
The system uses STC89C51 microcontroller as a core component of the control module, the infrared sensor to detect the existence of human body, using optical detection circuit composed of environmental photosensitive resistance strength; according to the condition, reasonable, through identification and determine the existence of signals and environmental light signals to the human body, the classroom lighting intelligent control, to avoid the use of waste electric classroom. The system also has alarm function; at the same time also adopted the hardware / software \
Keywords: Pyroelectric Infrared Body Sensor; STC89C51 Single-chip Microcomputer; Photosensitive Resistance
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基于单片机教室灯光智能控制系统
目 录
摘 要 ..................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ......................................................................................................................................II 1 引言 ...................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 教室灯光控制的现状及发展趋势 ........................................................................... 1 1.2 本设计的研究内容 ................................................................................................... 1 1.3 本文完成主要任务 ................................................................................................... 2 2 教室灯光智能控制系统的总体设计 .................................................................................. 3
2.1 单片机的选择 ........................................................................................................... 3 2.2 感应器的选择 ........................................................................................................... 4 3 系统硬件电路设计 .............................................................................................................. 6
3.1 主控模块设计 ........................................................................................................... 6
3.1.1 系统主控电路 ................................................................................................ 6 3.1.2 单片机的引脚功能 ........................................................................................ 6 3.2 单片机的最小系统 ................................................................................................... 7 3.3 环境光采集模块设计 ............................................................................................... 8
3.3.1 光敏电阻介绍 ................................................................................................ 8 3.3.2 LM393电压比较器介绍 ............................................................................... 9 3.4 热释红外感应模块 ................................................................................................. 11 3.5 系统时钟电路 ......................................................................................................... 13 3.6 超时报警电路 ......................................................................................................... 14 3.7 显示电路设计 ......................................................................................................... 14 4 系统软件设计 .................................................................................................................... 16
4.1 定时中断处理 ......................................................................................................... 17
4.1.1 定时中断功能 .............................................................................................. 17 4.1.2 定时中断流程图 .......................................................................................... 17 4.1.3 定时中断说明 .............................................................................................. 17 4.2 环境光采集模块的设计 ......................................................................................... 18
4.2.1 环境光采集模块的功能 .............................................................................. 18 4.2.2 环境光采集模块的流程图 .......................................................................... 18 4.2.3 环境光采集模块的程序 .............................................................................. 18 4.2.4 环境光采集模块的说明 .............................................................................. 19
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基于单片机教室灯光智能控制系统
4.3 热释红外传感器的设计 ......................................................................................... 19
4.3.1 热释红外传感器的功能 .............................................................................. 19 4.3.2 热释红外传感器的流程图 .......................................................................... 20 4.3.3 人体存在传感器的程序 .............................................................................. 20 4.3.4 人体存在传感器的说明 .............................................................................. 22 4.3.5 人体存在传感器的安装要求 ...................................................................... 22 4.4 时钟模块的设计 ..................................................................................................... 22
4.4.1 时钟模块功能 .............................................................................................. 22 4.4.2 时钟模块流程图 .......................................................................................... 22 4.4.3 时钟模块初始化程序 .................................................................................. 23 4.4.4 时钟模块说明 .............................................................................................. 24 4.5 液晶显示模块 ......................................................................................................... 24
4.5.1 液晶显示模块的功能 .................................................................................. 24 4.5.2 显示模块流程图 .......................................................................................... 24 4.5.3 显示模块的程序 .......................................................................................... 25 4.5.4 显示模块说明 .............................................................................................. 26
5 系统调试 ............................................................................................................................ 27
5.1 系统调试运行及问题分析 ..................................................................................... 27 5.2 单片机系统调试方法及步骤 ................................................................................. 27 结 论 .................................................................................................................................. 29 参 考 文 献 ............................................................................................................................ 30 致 谢 .................................................................................................................................. 31 附 录 ...................................................................................................................................... 31
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