浙江工商大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试卷（A）卷
招生专业：日语语言文学、亚非语言文学
考试科目：257英语（二外） 总分：100分 考试时间：180分钟
Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension (45%) (45 minutes) Directions: There are 6 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Passage 1
There is seldom any single cause for a boy or a girl becoming a criminal. Nor is there any sure, easy cure-all which will do the trick of either preventing or curing a case of wrong-doing by young persons.
There are, however, three general approaches to the problem of prevention. The first one is based on the belief that unlawful behaviors are the by-product of the environment in which a child grows up. Poor family relation, poverty, and inadequate moral training are characteristics of the background of many young criminals. Those who follow this approach believe the best prevention is the provision of a happy, secure, and healthy childhood for all children.
For others the answer seems to lie in the fact that it is often possible to spot a boy or girl who seems troubled or whose behavior foreshows wrong-doing. Not every child who misbehaves is a criminal, No one is born a criminal. However, habitual misbehavior, extreme shyness, and other qualities are regarded as signs which a parent or teacher might observe as indications of trouble. Working with these children and their particular problems involves early detection and constitutes a kind of “stitch in time” method of prevention.
Still a third approach stresses a program of lessening the total crime picture by dealing primarily with those who actually commit unlawful acts. Young criminals who are brought to court should be handled in special children’s courts. The hearings should be private and the judge should have special qualifications for “individualized justice”. He must first decide if a boy or girl is a criminal in terms of the law. And if the child is a criminal, the judge must try to find out why he is a criminal so that a plan of treatment can be prescribed. The main emphasis is on the need of the child for help and guidance which will give him a second chance to lead a responsible, useful adult life.
Few people would say that any one of the three approaches — the “happy, healthy childhood”, the “stitch in time”, or the “second chance”, is the whole answer. Progress is being made in all of them, and probably the answer lies in a combination of all three.
1. There are no simple ways to solve the problem of youthful misbehavior because _______. A) reasons are varied for their wrongdoing B) family has the biggest influence
C) it’s hard to find a reason for their crimes D) you can’t change environment
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2. The “stitch in time” refers to the method of ______.
A) preventing the age of young criminals from going down
B) finding early signs of a wrongdoing and taking prompt actions in advance C) detecting the habitual misbehavior of children as early as possible
D) preventing and detecting the crime of those children who lack parental control 3. According to the author, the “second chance” should be applied to _______. A) those who are brought to special children’s courts B) a young person who is legally considered a criminal C) a boy or girl whose behavior may lead to serious crimes D) those adults who are judged to commit unlawful acts
4. The word “foreshadow” (Line 2, Para.3) probably means _______. A) involves B) worsens C) is a sign of
D) avoids
5. The passage is mainly about ______.
A) approaches to preventing young persons from committing crimes B) different opinions on preventing crimes C) factors leading to crimes
D) the best solution to get rid of crimes
Passage 2
The use of the word imitation reminds me that we ought to make some more comments on the risk of people imitating what they see on the screen in the way of crime or violence. First there was always a risk of children acting out scenes which could be dangerous. For example I remember a woman who was head of an infants school telling me that she had happened to look out of her window when the children were in the playground and had seen them putting a small boy on a chair with a rope round his neck and the rope over the branch of a tree; fortunately she was in time to intervene before the child was hung. I remember a film in particular, in which the hero who was imprisoned had escaped by electrocuting（触电死亡）his guard, the technique of doing this being shown in detail. This was the kind of scene which we would cut for these reasons. In films for young people and adults we always tried to keep off the screen any details of criminal techniques, such as how to open a locked door with a piece of hard plastic or how to open a safe; if we were consulted before production I used to advise that the details should not be shown. When I gave talks in prisons about film censorship I invariably had full support for this, since fathers who were in prison for criminal offences did not want their children to embark on crime.
Every time I gave a talk in a prison someone used to mention the French film Ri fi fi made by Jules Dassin in 1954. This remarkable film showed in great detail a robbery of a jeweler’s shop, the robbery sequence lasting about half an hour and being backed only by natural sound--one of the most brilliant film sequences of all time. I remember our discussions at the time. We took into account the fact that the robbery was accomplished only with the use of elaborate and obviously expensive equipment and that only the most experienced and skilled criminals could possibly imitate it; we believed therefore that it was relatively safe. When talking in prisons some years
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later I learned that there had been several robberies in which the techniques had been copied. So perhaps we were wrong.
6. The writer thinks that_______.
A) the details of the criminal technique should be kept
B) the details of the crime should not be shown on the screen C) children should not imitate what they saw on the screen D) it was dangerous to imitate what they had seen on the screen
7. What was the writer’s attitude towards the film in which the hero had escaped by electrocuting the guard?
A) The writer had a positive attitude to it, B) The writer thought the film had some value C) The writer had a negative attitude to it
D) The writer did not show his/her attitude
8. Parents in prison agreed to film censorship because _______. A) they did not want their children to follow them
B) the crime on screen could be imitated without difficulty
C) they had been given a talk on it D) they had committed crime
9. All the following statements about “Ri fi fi” are true except _______. A) that the robbery shown needs experience and skills B) that some very good devices were used in the robbery
C) that the film showed the technique in detail
D) that the technique of the robbery was not imitated 10. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A) it is hard for the children to distinguish between real life and the imaginary B) only the people in prison supported film censorship C) only children imitated what they had seen on the screen D) The writer used to advise the details of crime
Passage 3
The last two decades of the nineteenth century were the time of the great Mars boom, a period when, as an observer noted, “public foolishness and reporters combined to flood the papers and society with news from Mars.” The boom began in 1877 with Giovanni Sciaparelli’s discovery of a net-work of straight liner on the red planet; which he called canals. When the Italian word was translated into English and other languages as canals, the public enthusiastically responded to the implication of intelligent life, and men like Flammarion, Lowell, and Picketing developed elaborate theories about Mars and its inhabitants. The nebular（星云）hypothesis indicated to those scientists that the outermost planets were the oldest because they were the first formed; the theory of evolution suggested that, if life began on another world, intelligent forms would eventually be produced and, given enough time, creatures superior to man would be evolved. The people of Mars had to be just such advanced beings in order to have built the great systems of canals which conserved their aging world’s decreasing supply of water.
Writers turned out dozens of stories with the idea that Martian civilization exceeded our own. In those stories nationalism had long before disappeared on Mars, and the planet was united as one
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world. The Martians were usually pictured as similar to the men on earth, though they were physically stronger and much more intelligent --- only a few stories described Martians who had evolved into a non-human form. Forced by the increasingly adverse conditions of their older world, the Martians brought science and technology to a level of development which emerged before man on Earth as a distant ideal. Great advances were made in harnessing electricity and electromagnetic waves; radio, television, and instruments for viewing past events were already realities. Submarines, airplanes, automobiles, and conveyor-belt highways revolutionized transportation, automation existed not only in daily life but also in manufacturing and food production. Cities became beautiful at last because of the intelligent utilization of such building materials as concrete, aluminum, and glass. 11. “Mars boom” most probably refers to _______. A) the increasing interest in Mars B) the discovery of the red planet C) serious scientific research on Mars
D) transportation on Mars.
12. To the public, the Giovanni Schiaparelli’s discovery implies ________. A) a breakthrough in the research on Mars B) the possibility of intelligent life on Mars
C) The Martian beings are more advanced than human beings D) people’s curiosity
13. According to the nebular hypothesis, _______.
A) Martian beings must be more advanced than earth people B) the oldest planets are the most intelligent planets C) there are abundant water on Mars
D) Martians are stronger than earth people
14. According to some stories, forced by worse conditions on Mars, _______. A) their technology seemed hopeless
B) Martians’ technology emerged earlier than our technology
C) Martians’ development is behind the earth
D) the Martians developed the science and technology to such a level that seems incredible to earth people
15. Which is NOT mentioned in the stories about Mars? A) Countries had disappeared.
B) Martians’ appearance is similar to man’s. C) Martians also used submarines in wars.
D) Martians’ traffic systems were highly advanced.
Passage 4
Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to \ concentrate\deprived of cigarettes through a series of tests.
In the first test, each subject sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived
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smokers and 'non-smokers performed equally well.
The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine, active smokers were faster than deprived smokers. In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived Smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.
The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details. “As our tests became more complex.” Sums up Spilich, “non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins”. He predicts, “smokers might perform adequately at many jobs—until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity.”
16. The purpose of George Spilich’s experiments is______.
A) to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers B) to show how smoking damages people's mental capacity C) to prove that smoking affects people's regular performance D) to find out whether smoking helps people’s short-term memory 17. George Spilich’s experiment was conducted in such a way as to_______. A) compel the subjects to separate major information from minor details B) put the subjects through increasingly complex tests C) check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers D) register the prompt responses of the subjects
18. The word “bested” (Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means_______.
A) beat B) envied C) caught up with D) make the best of 19. Which of the following statements is true?
A) Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers. B) Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects. C) Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks. D) Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks. 20. We can infer from the last paragraph that______.
A) smokers should not expect to become airline pilots B) smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness C) no airline pilots smoke during flights
D) smokers may prove unequal to handling emergency cases
Passage 5
What are we? To the biologist we are member of a sub-species called Homo sapiens sapiens, which represents a division of the species known as Homo sapiens. Every species is unique and distinct: that is part of the definition of a species. But what is particularly interesting about out species? For a star, we walk upright on our hindlegs at all times, which is an extremely unusual way of getting around for a mammal. There are also several unusual features about our head, not
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