单数 主格 宾格 代词所有格 名词性代词 be动词现在时 be动词过去时 名词的复数
I me my mine Am was 复数 we us our ours are were 单数 you you your yours are were 复数 you you your yours are were 单数 she/he/it her/him/it her/his/its hers/his/its is was 复数 they them their theirs are were 规则变化的名词复数形式 规则1 一般情况+s e.g. shell→shells toy→toys 规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. fox→foxes church→churches 规则3 以o结尾s或+es e.g. radio→radios potato→potatoes 规则4 以f, fe结尾的，变f, fe为ves e.g. life→lives half→halves 规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es e.g. sky→skies study→studies 动词的第三人称单数形式 规则1 一般情况+s e.g. like—likes, look--looks 规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. do—does, catch--catches 规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es e.g. carry—carries, fly--flies 动词现在分词 规则一 一般动词加-ing e.g. look—looking, read—reading, play—playing 规则二 以不发音的字母结尾的单词去e加-ing e.g. make—making, take—taking, arrive—arriving 规则三 重读闭音节词结尾， 即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-ing e. g. run—running, sit—sitting, get—getting, swim—swimming, stop--stopping 动词过去式
规则动词变化 规则一 一般动词加-ed e.g. look—looked, watch—watched, play--played 规则二 以e结尾的加-d e.g. make—maked, arrive--arrived 规则三 以辅音字母加结尾的变y为i加-ed cry—cried, carry-carried 规则四 重读闭音节词结尾， 即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-ed stop—stopped, 过去式的读音
在清辅音后面（除外）读/t/ 在浊辅音和元音后读/d/ 在/t/，/d/后读/id/ 形容词和副词的比较级
规则一 一般加-er e.g. high—higher 规则二 以结尾加-r 比较级 nice—nicer 规则三 以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-er busy—busier, 规则四 重读闭音节结尾， 双写辅音字母再加-er fat—fatter, 形容词和副词的最高级
规则一 一般加-est e.g. high—highest 规则二 以结尾加-st 最高级 nice—nicet 规则三 以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-est busy—busiest 规则四 重读闭音节结尾， 双写辅音字母再加--est fat—fattest 常见缩写：
is=’s I am=I’m are=’re
is not=isn’t/ iznt/ are not=aren’t /a:nt/ do not=don’t does not=doesn’t was=’s did not=didn’t can not=can’t have=’ve has=’s
have not=haven’t has not=hasn’t will=’ll will not=won’t shall not=shan’t
e.g. walked, jumped e.g. washed, watched e.g. waited, hated