Party branch Secretary of a party lecture of two speeches: tutoring covers all of the new party Constitution two education has kicked off. Study of the Constitution of this practice is a very important part. Today I'll give you a new section of the Constitution on the counselling of learning lessons, hope, through today's tutorial, further consolidation of all the party members of the new party Constitution study results to help you better understand and grasp the important knowledge in the new Constitution. This tutorial has the following three components: one is the importance of studying and implementing of the new party Constitution; second, compared with the 17 adopted by the party Constitution, the main changes in the content and interpretation of the new Constitution; the third is at this stage how to make full use of the new essence of the content of the Constitution to guide party building. Two thematic education in party lecture notes, and study and carry out the significance of the new Constitution (a) studying and implementing the party Constitution is the most basic obligations of each party member. We party party yilai, has been put learning implement Constitution as a items regular of work one of implement Yu always, and in different history background nd the different reality need of situation Xia, also will as a items important sex work, concentrated to, and highlight to, and separate to be arrangements, only on reform more than 30 years to, most important of concentrated learning implement Constitution on has four times: (ii) learning implement Constitution, is maintenance party of solidarity unified, and completed party of the task of strong guarantee. Both history and reality show that only determined to uphold the supremacy of the Constitution, according to the educational management of party members and cadres at the request of the party Constitution to ensure the party strictly implement the party's policy and discipline, to maintain party unity, completed the party's various tasks to provide a strong guarantee. (C) studying and implementing the party Constitution, consolidating the party's ruling status, and the inevitable requirement of maintaining the advanced nature of the party. Comrade XI Jinping pointed out: the Constitution is the fundamental law of the party, the party must follow the General rules. In all the activities of the party organization at all levels, will continue to guide the broad masses of party members and cadres, especially leading cadres, conscientiously study the party Constitution, abide by the party Constitution, the implementation of the party Constitution and maintaining party Constitution, should strengthen party spirit, enhance the consciousness, purpose awareness, power awareness, situation awareness, sense of responsibility, earnestly sharing sorrow for the party, responsible for the country, for the people and dedication. (D) studying and implementing the party Constitution, is to solve the problems the party's actual needs. Comrade XI Jinping said all party members must achieve, leading cadres should first do whatever the《软件工程练习题及参考答案》
一、单向选择题（四选一、每小题3分，共18分）
1、面向对象（Object Oriented）方法是将现实世界的事物以对象的方式（ B ）到计算机世界的方法。 对应 映射 反映 反射
2、盒图也称为（D）或Chapin图。这种表达方式取消了流程线，它强迫程序员以结构化方式思考和解决问题。 流程图 框图 判定表 N-S图
3、面向数据的设计方法就是根据问题的数据结构定义一组映射，把问题的数据结构转换为问题解的（A）结构。 程序 数据 逻辑 物理
4、人机界面的风格大致经过了（B）代的演变。 三 四 五 六
5、以下不属于白盒测试技术的是（D） 逻辑覆盖 基本路径测试 循环覆盖测试 等价类划分
6、为改正软件系统中潜藏的错误而进行的维护活动称为（A）。 纠错性维护 适应性维护 改善性维护 预防性维护
二、填空题（每空2分，共18分）
1. 文档—一种数据媒体和其上所记录的（数据）。 2. 机器语言、汇编语言：依赖于机器，面向（机器） 3. 软件有效性，指软件系统的时间和（空间）效率。
4. 软件定义过程可通过软件系统的(可行性研究)和需求分析两个阶段来完成。
onstitution provides that no party member can do, leading cadres should take the lead in not doing. In strict accordance with the party Constitution Party member leading cadre must have six basic conditions and improve their own qualities and abilities, regular checks and pay for their own shortcomings. Especially in the ideal and belief, persist in seeking truth from facts, and promote the scientific development, maintain close ties with, strengthening moral cultivation, and strict adherence to party discipline for party members to lead by example. Second, the main change in the new Constitution and the interpretation of the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, to end on November 14, 2012 General Assembly vote, the Constitution of the Communist Party of China (Amendment) Act. 18 Congress of the partyBy the Constitution of the Communist Party of China (Amendment) Act, against 17 in six large through a revision of the party Constitution. In order to comply with thedevelopment of the situation and tasks change, every national Congress of our party will be of varying degrees of revision of the Constitution. A big party was held in 1921, due to time constraints, and developed a platform of one of the large, just a programmatic document. Our first Constitution was established by the party's second National Congress. According to the changes in the situation and tasks, after two successive congresses (except for five) different degrees of modification to the Constitution. Because of the special circumstances, the five party Constitution has not been modified, by the Politburo after changes to the Constitution. Current is developed in September 1982 the party's 12 big changes to the party Constitution. 30 years, on the premise of maintaining the stability of the basic contents of the party Constitution, 13 and 14 and Congress of the party, 16 and 17 are with varying degrees of modification of the Constitution. Constitution modified of history, is we party 92 greatdevelopment course of miniature and show, a is show has we party tightly relies on people completed and advance three pieces event of great course; II is show has we party in led China revolution, and construction and reform long-term practice in the, constantly advance Marxist China of process, constantly advance theory innovation of great course; three is show has we party constantly summary party of construction of new created, and new experience, constantly improve party of construction scientific level of great course. This 18 big through of Constitution, except \ total 11 chapter, total 53 article, specific for master; first chapter members; second chapter party of organization system; third chapter party of Central Organization; fourth chapter party of place organization; fifth chapter party of grass-roots organizations; sixth chapter party of cadres; seventh chapter party of discipline; eighth chapter party of discipline check organ; Nineth chapter party; tenth chapter partyand Communist Youth League of relationship; 11th chapter femme fatale flag. And the party compared toParty branch Secretary of a party lecture of two speeches: tutoring covers all of the new party Constitution two education has kicked off. Study of the Constitution of this practice is a very important part. Today I'll give you a new section of the Constitution on the counselling of learning lessons, hope, through today's tutorial, further consolidation of all the party members of the new party Constitution study results to help you better understand and grasp the important knowledge in the new Constitution. This tutorial has the following three components: one is the importance of studying and implementing of the new party Constitution; second, compared with the 17 adopted by the party Constitution, the main changes in the content and interpretation of the new Constitution; the third is at this stage how to make full use of the new essence of the content of the Constitution to guide party building. Two thematic education in party lecture notes, and study and carry out the significance of the new Constitution (a) studying and implementing the party Constitution is the most basic obligations of each party member. We party party yilai, has been put learning implement Constitution as a items regular of work one of implement Yu always, and in different history background and the different reality need of situation Xia, also will as a items important sex work, concentrated to, and highlight to, and separate to be arrangements, only on reform more than 30 years to, most important of concentrated learning implement Constitution on has four times: (ii) learning implement Constitution, is maintenance party of solidarity unified, and completed party of the task of strong guarantee. Both history and reality show that only determined to uphold the supremacy of the Constitution, according to the educational management of party members and cadres at the request of the party Constitution to ensure the party strictly implement the party's policy and discipline, to maintain party unity, completed the party's various tasks to provide a strong guarantee. (C) studying and implementing the party Constitution, consolidating the party's ruling status, and the inevitable requirement of maintaining the advanced nature of the party. Comrade XI Jinping pointed out: the Constitution is the fundamental law of the party, the party must follow the General rules. In all the activities of the party organization at all levels, will continue to guide the broad masses of party members and cadres, especially leading cadres, conscientiously study the party Constitution, abide by the party Constitution, the implementation of the party Constitution and maintaining party Constitution, should strengthen party spirit, enhance the consciousness, purpose awareness, power awareness, situation awareness, sense of responsibility, earnestly sharing sorrow for the party, responsible for the country, for the people and dedication. (D) studying and implementing the party Constitution, is to solve the problemsthe party's actual needs. Comrade XI Jinping said all party members must achieve, leading cadres should first do whatever the5. 6. 7. 8.
软件定义的基本任务是确定软件系统的工程（需求），也就是要搞清“做什么”。 为了使用户需求逐步精细化、完全化、一致化，通常采用（需求建模技术）。0402 一个软件的深度是指其控制的（层数）。 以详细设计说明书为输入，将该输入用某种程序设计语言翻译成计算机可以理解并最终可运行的代码的过程叫（编码）过程。
9. 软件维护是软件生命周期的（最后）一个阶段。
三、判断题（每小题2分，共24分，错误打X、正确打√）
1. 缺乏有力的方法学的指导和有效的开发工具的支持， 这往往是产生软件危机的原因之
一。（√）
2. 一个好的开发人员应具备的素质和能力不包括具有良好的书面和口头表达能力。（X） 3. 在用户需求分析时观察用户手工操作过程不是为了模拟手工操作过程，而是为了获取第
一手资料，并从中提取出有价值的需求。（√）
4. 快速原型技术的适用于软件产品要求大量的用户交互、或产生大量的可视输出、或设计
一些复杂的算法等场合。（√）
5. 流程图也称为程序框图是最常用的一种表示法。（√）
6. 面向数据设计方法一般都包括下列任务： 确定数据结构特征；用顺序、选择和重复三
种基本形式表示数据等步骤。（√）
7. 理想的人机界面应针对具有典型个性的特定的一类用户设计。（√） 8. 数据输入的一般准则中包括尽量增加用户输入的动作。（X） 9. 用穷举测试是较现实的测试方法。（X）
四、简答题（每小题4分，共20分）
1、计算机软件——与计算机系统操作有关的程序、规程、 规则及任何与之有关的文档和数据。
2、需求分析的任务是什么？
需求分析的任务是确定待开发的软件系统“做什么”。具体任务包括确定软件系统的功能需求、性能需求和运行环境约束，编制软件需求规格说明书、软件系统的验收测试准则和初步的用户手册。
3、软件项目的成本管理——估算软件项目的成本，作为立项和签合同的依据之一，并在软件开发过程中按计划管理经费的使用。 4、快速原型技术的基本思想是什么？ 在软件开发的早期，快速开发一个目标软件系统的原型，让用户对其进行评价并提出修改意见，然后开发人员根据用户的意见对原型进行改进。 5、程序设计语言的有哪些特点？ 1）一致性 2）二义性 3）紧致性 4）局部性
五、综合题（每小题10分，共20分）
1、可将软件生存周期划分为哪3个过程和哪9个阶段。
onstitution provides that no party member can do, leading cadres should take the lead in not doing. In strict accordance with the party Constitution Party member leading cadre must have six basic conditions and improve their own qualities and abilities, regular checks and pay for their own shortcomings. Especially in the ideal and belief, persist in seeking truth from facts, and promote the scientific development, maintain close ties with, strengthening moral cultivation, and strict adherence to party discipline for party members to lead by example. Second, the main change in the new Constitution and the interpretation of the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, to end on November 14, 2012 General Assembly vote, the Constitution of the Communist Party of China (Amendment) Act. 18 Congress of the partyBy the Constitution of the Communist Party of China (Amendment) Act, against 17 in six large through a revision of the party Constitution. In order to comply with thedevelopment of the situation and tasks change, every national Congress of our party will be of varying degrees of revision of the Constitution. A big party was held in 1921, due to time constraints, and developed a platform of one of the large, just a programmatic document. Our first Constitution was established by the party's second National Congress. According to the changes in the situation and tasks, after two successive congresses (except for five) different degrees of modification to the Constitution. Because of the special circumstances, the five party Constitution has not been modified, by the Politburo after changes to the Constitution. Current is developed in September 1982 the party's 12 big changes to the party Constitution. 30 years, on the premise of maintaining the stability of the basic contents of the party Constitution, 13 and 14 and Congress of the party, 16 and 17 are with varying degrees of modification of the Constitution. Constitution modified of history, is we party 92 greatdevelopment course of miniature and show, a is show has we party tightly relies on people completed and advance three pieces event of great course; II is show has we party in led China revolution, and construction and reform long-term practice in the, constantly advance Marxist China of process, constantly advance theory innovation of great course; three is show has we party constantly summary party of construction of new created, and new experience, constantly improve party of construction scientific level of great course. This 18 big through of Constitution, except \ total 11 chapter, total 53 article, specific for master; first chapter members; second chapter party of organization system; third chapter party of Central Organization; fourth chapter party of place organization; fifth chapter party of grass-roots organizations; sixth chapter party of cadres; seventh chapter party of discipline; eighth chapter party of discipline check organ; Nineth chapter party; tenth chapter partyand Communist Youth League of relationship; 11th chapter femme fatale flag. And the party compared toParty branch Secretary of a party lecture of two speeches: tutoring covers all of the new party Constitution two education has kicked off. Study of the Constitution of this practice is a very important part. oday I'll give you a new section of the Constitution on the counselling of learning lessons, hope, through today's tutorial, further consolidation of all the party members of the new party Constitution study results to help you better understand and grasp the important knowledge in the new Constitution. This tutorial has the following three components: one is the importance of studying and implementing of the new party Constitution; second, compared with the 17 adopted by the party Constitution, the main changes in the content and interpretation of the new Constitution; the third is at this stage how to make full use of the new essence of the content of the Constitution to guide party building. Two thematic education in party lecture notes, and study and carry out the significance of the new Constitution (a) studying and implementing the party Constitution is the most basic obligations of each party member. We party party yilai, has been put learning implement Constitution as a items regular of work one of implement Yu always, and in different history background and the different reality need of situation Xia, also will as a items important sex work, concentrated to, and highlight to, and separate to be arrangements, only on reform more than 30 years to, most important of concentrated learning implement Constitution on has four times: (ii) learning implement Constitution, is maintenance party of solidarity unified, and completed party of the task of strong guarantee. Both history and reality show that only determined to uphold the supremacy of the Constitution, according to the educational management of party members and cadres at the request of the party Constitution to ensure the party strictly implement the party's policy and discipline, to maintain party unity, completed the party's various tasks to provide a strong guarantee. (C) studying and implementing the party Constitution, consolidating the party's ruling status, and the inevitable requirement of maintaining the advanced nature of the party. Comrade XI Jinping pointed out: the Constitution is the fundamental law of the party, the party must follow the General rules. In all the activities of the party organization at all levels, will continue to guide the broad masses of party members and cadres, especially leading cadres, conscientiously study the party Constitution, abide by the party Constitution, the implementation of the party Constitution and maintaining party Constitution, should strengthen party spirit, enhance the consciousness, purpose awareness, power awareness, situation awareness, sense of responsibility, earnestly sharing sorrow for the party, responsible for the country, for the people and dedication. (D) studying and implementing the party Constitution, is to solve the problems the party's actual needs. Comrade XI Jinping said all party members must achieve, leading cadres should first do whatever the（1）3个过程是：软件定义过程、软件开发过程、软件使用与维护过程。
（2）9个阶段有：可行性研究、需求分析、概要设计、详细设计、实现、组装测试、验收测试、使用与维护、退役。
2、画出与图1所示的程序流程图对应的程序图，并试计算其巡回秩数V(G)。 解： （1）程序图如（图2）所示：
（2）计算其巡回秩数：V（G）=E –N +2=13 –10 +2=5
开始abcfdeghij结束（图一） onstitution provides that no party member can do, leading cadres should take the lead in not doing. In strict accordance with the party Constitution Party member leading cadre must have six basic conditions and improve their own qualities and abilities, regular checks and pay for their own shortcomings. Especially in the ideal and belief, persist in seeking truth from facts, and promote the scientific development, maintain close ties with, strengthening moral cultivation, and strict adherence to party discipline for party members to lead by example. Second, the main change in the new Constitution and the interpretation of the 18th Natidevelopment of the situation and tasks change, every national Congress of our party will be of varying degrees of revision of the Constitution. A big party was held in 1921, due to time constraints, and developed a platform of one of the large, just a programmatic document. Our first Constitution was established by the party's second National Congress. According to the changes in the situation and tasks, after two successive congresses (except for five) different degrees of modification to the Constitution. Because of the special circumstances, the five party Constitution has not been modified, by the Politburo after chadevelopment course of miniature and show, a is show has we party tightly relies on people completed and advance three pieces event of great course; II is show has we party in led China revolution, and construction and reform long-term practice in the, constantly advance Marxist China of process, constantly advance theory innovation of great course; three is show has we party constantly summary party of construction of new created, and new experience, constantly improve party of construction scientific level of great course. This 18 big through of Constitution, except \ total 11 chapter, total 53 articleand Communist Youth League of relationship; 11th chapter femme fatale flag. And the party compared to1aR52b3R44c5R18fR39dR2eg710h6111213ij
（图二） Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, to end on November 14, 2012 General Assembly vote, the Constitution of the Communist Party of China (Amendment) Act. 18 Congress of the partyBy the Constitution of the Communist Party of China (Amendment) Act, against 17 in six large through a revision of the party Constitution. In order to comply with theon. Current is developed in September 1982 the party's 12 big changes to the party Constitution. 30 years, on the premise of maintaining the stability of the basic contents of the party Constitution, 13 and 14 and Congress of the party, 16 and 17 are with varying degrees of modification of the Constitution. Constitution modified of history, is we party 92 greatchapter party of organization system; third chapter party of Central Organization; fourth chapter party of place organization; fifth chapter party of grass-roots organizations; sixth chapter party of cadres; seventh chapter party of discipline; eighth chapter party of discipline check organ; Nineth chapter party; tenth chapter party
onal nges to the Constituti, specific for master; first chapter members; second Party branch Secretary of a party lecture of two speeches: tutoring covers all of the new party Constitution two education has kicked off. Study of the Constitution of this practice is a very important part. Today I'll give you a new section of the Constitution on the counselling of learning lessons, hope, through today's tutorial, further consolidation of all the party members of the new party Constitution study results to help you better understand and grasp the important knowledge in the new Constitution. This tutorial has the following three components: one is the importance of studying and implementing of the new party Constitution; second, compared with the 17 adopted by the party Constitution, the main changes in the content and interpretation of the new Constitution; the third is at this stage how to make full use of the new essence of the content of the Constitution to guide party building. Two thematic education in party lecture notes, and study and carry out the significance of the new Constitution (a) studying and implementing the party Constitution is the most basic obligations of each party member. We party party yilai, has been put learning implement Constitution as a items regular of work one of implement Yu always, and in different history background and the different reality need of situation Xia, also will as a items important sex work, concentrated to, and highlight to, and separate to be arrangements, only on reform more than 30 years to, most important of concentrated learning implement Constitution on has four times: (ii) learning implement Constitution, is maintenance party of solidarity unified, and completed party of the task of strong guarantee. Both history and reality show that only determined to uphold the supremacy of the Constitution, according to the educational management of party members and cadres at the request of the party Constitution to ensure the party strictly implement the party's policy and discipline, to maintain party unity, completed the party's various tasks to provide a strong guarantee. (C) studying and implementing the party Constitution, consolidating the party's ruling status, and the inevitable requirement of maintaining the advanced nature of the party. Comrade XI Jinping pointed out: the Constitution is the fundamental law of the party, the party must follow the General rules. In all the activities of the party organization at all levels, will continue to guide the broad masses of party members and cadres, especially leading cadres, conscientiously study the party Constitution, abide by the party Constitution, the implementation of the party Constitution and maintaining party Constitution, should strengthen party spirit, enhance the consciousness, purpose awareness, power awareness, situation awareness, sense of responsibility, earnestly sharing sorrow for the party, responsible for the country, for the people and dedication. (D) studying and implementing the party Constitution, is to solve the problemsthe party's actual needs. Comrade XI Jinping said all party members must achieve, leading cadres should first do whatever the《软件工程练习题及参考答案》
一、单向选择题（四选一、每小题3分，共18分） 1、软件的发展经历了（D）个发展阶段。 A. 一 B. 二 C. 三 D. 四
2、需求分析的任务不包括（B）。 A. 问题分析 B. 系统设计 C. 需求描述 D. 需求评审。
3、一个软件的宽度是指其控制的（C）。 A. 模块数 B. 层数 C. 跨度 D. 厚度
4、当模块中包含复杂的条件组合，只有（A）能够清晰地表达出各种动作之间的对应关系。 A. 判定表和判定树 B. 盒图 C. 流程图 D. 关系图
5、以下不属于逻辑覆盖的是（D）。 A. 语句覆盖 B. 判定覆盖 C. 条件覆盖 D. 基本路径
6、为适应软件运行环境的变化而修改软件的活动称为（B）。 A. 纠错性维护 B. 适应性维护 C. 改善性维护 D. 预防性维护
二、填空题（每空2分，共18分）
1. 软件可靠性是指在给定的时间间隔内，程序成功运行的（概率）。 2. 高级语言：独立于机器，面向过程或面向（对象）
3. 软件项目管理的范围主要集中于3个P上，即：People人员、Problem问题和（过
程）。
4. 人机界面的风格第一代界面是命令和（询问）方式。
5. 由于维护或在维护过程中其他一些不期望的行为引入的错误称为维护的（副作用）。 6. 在公式V（G）= E – N + 2中：E为程序图G中边的总数； N 为程序图中结点
onstitution provides that no party member can do, leading cadres should take the lead in not doing. In strict accordance with the party Constitution Party member leading cadre must have six basic conditions and improve their own qualities and abilities, regular checks and pay for their own shortcomings. Especially in the ideal and belief, persist in seeking truth from facts, and promote the scientific development, maintain close ties with, strengthening moral cultivation, and strict adherence to party discipline for party members to lead by example. Second, the main change in the new Constitution and the interpretation of the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, to end on November 14, 2012 General Assembly vote, the Constitution of the Communist Party of China (Amendment) Act. 18 Congress of the partyBy the Constitution of the Communist Party of China (Amendment) Act, against 17 in six large through a revision of the party Constitution. In order to comply with thedevelopment of the situation and tasks change, every national Congress of our party will be of varying degrees of revision of the Constitution. A big party was held in 1921, due to time constraints, and developed a platform of one of the large, just a programmatic document. Our first Constitution was established by the party's second National Congress. According to the changes in the situation and tasks, after two successive congresses (except for five) different degrees of modification to the Constitution. Because of the special circumstances, the five party Constitution has not been modified, by the Politburo after changes to the Constitution. Current is developed in September 1982 the party's 12 big changes to the party Constitution. 30 years, on the premise of maintaining the stability of the basic contents of the party Constitution, 13 and 14 and Congress of the party, 16 and 17 are with varying degrees of modification of the Constitution. Constitution modified of history, is we party 92 greatdevelopment course of miniature and show, a is show has we party tightly relies on people completed and advance three pieces event of great course; II is show has we party in led China revolution, and construction and reform long-term practice in the, constantly advance Marxist China of process, constantly advance theory innovation of great course; three is show has we party constantly summary party of construction of new created, and new experience, constantly improve party of construction scientific level of great course. This 18 big through of Constitution, except \ total 11 chapter, total 53 article, specific for master; first chapter members; second chapter party of organization system; third chapter party of Central Organization; fourth chapter party of place organization; fifth chapter party of grass-roots organizations; sixth chapter party of cadres; seventh chapter party of discipline; eighth chapter party of discipline check organ; Nineth chapter party; tenth chapter partyand Communist Youth League of relationship; 11th chapter femme fatale flag. And the party compared toParty branch Secretary of a party lecture of two speeches: tutoring covers all of the new party Constitution two education has kicked off. Study of the Constitution of this practice is a very important part. oday I'll give you a new section of the Constitution on the counselling of learning lessons, hope, through today's tutorial, further consolidation of all the party members of the new party Constitution study results to help you better understand and grasp the important knowledge in the new Constitution. This tutorial has the following three components: one is the importance of studying and implementing of the new party Constitution; second, compared with the 17 adopted by the party Constitution, the main changes in the content and interpretation of the new Constitution; the third is at this stage how to make full use of the new essence of the content of the Constitution to guide party building. Two thematic education in party lecture notes, and study and carry out the significance of the new Constitution (a) studying and implementing the party Constitution is the most basic obligations of each party member. We party party yilai, has been put learning implement Constitution as a items regular of work one of implement Yu always, and in different history background and the different reality need of situation Xia, also will as a items important sex work, concentrated to, and highlight to, and separate to be arrangements, only on reform more than 30 years to, most important of concentrated learning implement Constitution on has four times: (ii) learning implement Constitution, is maintenance party of solidarity unified, and completed party of the task of strong guarantee. Both history and reality show that only determined to uphold the supremacy of the Constitution, according to the educational management of party members and cadres at the request of the party Constitution to ensure the party strictly implement the party's policy and discipline, to maintain party unity, completed the party's various tasks to provide a strong guarantee. (C) studying and implementing the party Constitution, consolidating the party's ruling status, and the inevitable requirement of maintaining the advanced nature of the party. Comrade XI Jinping pointed out: the Constitution is the fundamental law of the party, the party must follow the General rules. In all the activities of the party organization at all levels, will continue to guide the broad masses of party members and cadres, especially leading cadres, conscientiously study the party Constitution, abide by the party Constitution, the implementation of the party Constitution and maintaining party Constitution, should strengthen party spirit, enhance the consciousness, purpose awareness, power awareness, situation awareness, sense of responsibility, earnestly sharing sorrow for the party, responsible for the country, for the people and dedication. (D) studying and implementing the party Constitution, is to solve the problems the party's actual needs. Comrade XI Jinping said all party members must achieve, leading cadres should first do whatever the的总数。V（G）又称为图G的环形（复杂度） 。
7. 任何一个基于计算机系统都可以用输入-处理-输出（IPO）图来描述，它将该系统
转换成一个信息变换模型。
8. 为提高可交互性一般对所有可能造成损害的用户操作动作，应坚持要求用户（确
认），例如，提问“你确实要删除…？”。 9. 文档是一种数据媒体和其上所记录的（数据）。
三、判断题（每小题2分，共24分，错误打X、正确打√）
1. 用户对软件需求的描述不精确，往往是产生软件危机的原因之一。（√）
2. 目前，软件项目的进度安排的两种比较常用的方法是程序评估与审查技术（PERT）和
关键路径法（CPM）。（√）
3. 一个好的开发人员应具备的素质和能力包括善于与周围人员团结协作，建立良好的人际
关系，善于听取别人的意见。（√）
4. 目前的绝大多数软件都不适合于快速原型技术。（X）
5. 面向数据的设计方法的适用场合是具有明显的层次信息结构的应用如：企事业的信息管
理系统；系统软件（如操作系统）等。（√）
6. 缺乏处理大型软件项目的经验。是产生软件危机的唯一原因。（X） 7. 通常紧致性好的语言一致性就好。（X）
8. 测试计划、测试用例、出错统计和有关的分析报告一般不用长期保存。（X） 9. 数据输入的一般准则中包括保证信息显示方式与数据输入方式的协调一致；允许用户定
做输入格式等内容。（√） 10. 软件也会磨损和老化。（X）
11. 完善性维护是提高或完善软件的性能。（√） 12. McCabe建议模块规模应满足：V（G）≤20。（X）
四、简答题（每小题4分，共20分）
1、程序设计语言的三种类型和特点是什么？
1．机器语言、汇编语言：依赖于机器，面向机器 2．高级语言：独立于机器，面向过程或面向对象
3．面向问题语言：独立于机器，非过程式语言（4GL） （2分） 2、软件危机——是指在计算机软件开发、使用与维护过程中遇到的一系列严重问题和难题。 3、软件项目的质量管理——制定软件质量保证计划，按照质量评价体系控制软件质量要素，对阶段性的软件产品进行评审，对最终软件产品进行确认，确保软件质量。
4、好的编程风格应遵循哪四条规则？ 1）节简化 2）模块化 3）简单化 4）文档化
onstitution provides that no party member can do, leading cadres should take the lead in not doing. In strict accordance with the party Constitution Party member leading cadre must have six basic conditions and improve their own qualities and abilities, regular checks and pay for their own shortcomings. Especially in the ideal and belief, persist in seeking truth from facts, and promote the scientific development, maintain close ties with, strengthening moral cultivation, and strict adherence to party discipline for party members to lead by example. Second, the main change in the new Constitution and the interpretation of the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, to end on November 14, 2012 General Assembly vote, the Constitution of the Communist Party of China (Amendment) Act. 18 Congress of the partyBy the Constitution of the Communist Party of China (Amendment) Act, against 17 in six large through a revision of the party Constitution. In order to comply with thedevelopment of the situation and tasks change, every national Congress of our party will be of varying degrees of revision of the Constitution. A big party was held in 1921, due to time constraints, and developed a platform of one of the large, just a programmatic document. Our first Constitution was established by the party's second National Congress. According to the changes in the situation and tasks, after two successive congresses (except for five) different degrees of modification to the Constitution. Because of the special circumstances, the five party Constitution has not been modified, by the Politburo after changes to the Constitution. Current is developed in September 1982 the party's 12 big changes to the party Constitution. 30 years, on the premise of maintaining the stability of the basic contents of the party Constitution, 13 and 14 and Congress of the party, 16 and 17 are with varying degrees of modification of the Constitution. Constitution modified of history, is we party 92 greatdevelopment course of miniature and show, a is show has we party tightly relies on people completed and advance three pieces event of great course; II is show has we party in led China revolution, and construction and reform long-term practice in the, constantly advance Marxist China of process, constantly advance theory innovation of great course; three is show has we party constantly summary party of construction of new created, and new experience, constantly improve party of construction scientific level of great course. This 18 big through of Constitution, except \ total 11 chapter, total 53 article, specific for master; first chapter members; second chapter party of organization system; third chapter party of Central Organization; fourth chapter party of place organization; fifth chapter party of grass-roots organizations; sixth chapter party of cadres; seventh chapter party of discipline; eighth chapter party of discipline check organ; Nineth chapter party; tenth chapter partyand Communist Youth League of relationship; 11th chapter femme fatale flag. And the party compared to