（C） The fact that the scientists did a lot of experiments on smokers in public areas.
（D） The fact that the scientists discovered NNK, a carcinogen in cigarette smoke.
4.As is used in Paragraph 4, the phrase \_______.
（A） people working at the Oregon Department of Health
（B） people investigating at the Mulmonah County Health Department in Oregon
（C） people serving as a standard of comparison for checking test results
（D） people involved in passing legislation banning smoking in eating establishments
5.How many states in the United States have banned smoking in restaurants? （A） 12. （B） 13. （C） 14. （D） 15. Questions 6-10
In its everyday life, Italy is very much the man's world. However, because of the Italian's understanding of foreigners, the woman tourist is able to invade many of the male places that are prohibited to Italian women. These places include the caffe and the wine shop.
In the large cities the caffe is a combination of club and office. Here, for the price of a coffee, an Italian can read all the newspapers brought to him. And he can transact business, with the waiter producing pen, ink, and stamps as needed. Or if he wants, he can sit outside under a canvas covering before the door and enjoy the sight of beautiful women passing by.
The wine shop, as a rule, is a more vigorous place than the caffe, and is filled almost exclusively with men. Wandering singers, generally in groups of two or three, add to the noise of these places with their songs and music. Many of the songs are of a political character and make fun of the leading statesmen of Italy, America, England, France, and Russia. But the songs are generally showing off a spirit of mischief. And when the criticism is about America, the American tourists find themselves laughing as much as anyone else. The Italian is a master at making fun of you and making you like it.
The Italian men are deep-rooted gamblers. They have been brought up to it as children, but they are cautious gamblers and never go too much in it. The national lottery used to be one of the most popular forms of gambling. But later a football stake had taken away much of the interest in the lottery. But here the important thing is that gambling, the same as drinking, seldom goes to an Italian's head and his bets are not really dangerous risks. Even at cards the Italian plays for low stakes, generally for a cup of coffee or wine.
In this world of the Italian male it would be careless if the romanticism of the Italian were neglected. The Italian might well be described as the world's greatest romanticist. From any boat in Venice to any member of the government in Rome, the Italian is always aware of romance, of love and of the importance of being a good lover.
On the beaches of Italy, the visitor is aware that the Italian really lives for romance. His manners, his compliments, his charm and his general way of behaving are those of a romanticist. Almost every Italian you meet is convinced that he is another Casanova.
Romance is as much a part of Italy as its art and its history. Perhaps the feeling of romance that wells up in you when you come to Italy is one of the greatest things that Italy has to offer a world that is tired of war and political intrigue. It is the ideal place for a honeymoon because hotel managers and waiters make you conscious of your own love and stress it in such a way that you feel more in love in this country than in any other.
6.In Italy, the caffe and the wine shop ______. （A） welcome everybody, including both men and women （B） welcome the Italian women only
（C） do not allow the Italian women to come in
（D） do not allow the foreign women to come in
7.According to the passage, the caffe is a place where the Italians can do all of the following EXCEPT ______. （A） holding dinner parties （B） reading newspapers
（C） conducting business transactions （D） sitting outside
8.Many of the songs in the wine shop make fun of the leading statesmen in some countries because the singers want to ______. （A） attract more political figures to the wine shop （B） criticize those leading statesmen （C） have fun and amuse the customers （D） arouse the leading statesmen's attention
9.Why did many Italians lose interest in lottery later? （A） Because they found lottery too risky.
（B） Because they realized that buying lottery is a waste of money. （C） Because they thought playing cards is more interesting. （D） Because they found the football stake more attractive. 10.\Casanova. （Para. 6）\probably _______.
（A） a very mischievous man （B） a very romantic man （C） a man who enjoys wine （D） a man who enjoys music
Questions 11-15
Middle born children will tell you that they usually didn't feel all that special while growing up. The first born had his spot-carrier of the family banner and responsible for everything. The last born had his comfy little role, but the middle born had no distinctive place to call his own. Middle-borns just seem to be easily overlooked, and maybe that's why there are so few pictures of them in the family photo album. There may be hundreds, seemingly thousands, of pictures of the firstborn. For some strange reason, however, which 1 have confirmed by polling middle-born children around the world, there are seldom many pictures of the middle child, and what photos there are have him included with the
others-squeezed again between the older sibling and the younger sibling. Another thing that can be said of many middle-born children is that they typically place great importance on their peer group. The middle child is well known for going outside the home to make friends faster than anybody else in the family. When a child feels like a fifth wheel at home, friends become very important; as a result, many middle children （but not all, of course） tend to be the social lions of the family. While firstborns, typically, have fewer friends, middle children often have many.
Middle children have a propensity to leave home first and live farther away from the family than anyone else. I observed a dramatic illustration of this tendency while I was a guest on Oprah Winfrey's show. The subject that day was sibling rivalry. Three charming young women, all sisters, were among the guests, and we quickly learned that the firstborn and the last born were residents of the Eastern state where they had grown up. They had settled down near their parents and other family members. But the middle child had moved to the West Coast.
I suppose she could have gotten another two thousand miles farther away by moving to Hawaii, but her point was still well made. Middle children are the ones who will most often physically distance themselves from the rest of the family. It's not necessarily because they're on the outs with everyone else. They simply like to do their own thing, make their own friends, and live their own lives.
All of this is not to say that middle children totally ignore their siblings or the rest of the family. One common characteristic of the middle child is that she is a good mediator or negotiator. She comes naturally into this role because she's often right in the middle, between big brother and little sister, whatever the case may be. And because she can't have
Mom or Dad all to herself, she learns the fine art of compromise. Obviously, these skills are assets in adult life, and middle children often become the best adjusted adults in the family.
11.What is the main argument of this passage?
（A） First-born children are the carriers of the family banner and responsible for everything.
（B） Middle-born children tend to be more independent and sociable while growing up.
（C） Last-born children are the favorites who get most attention in the family.
（D） Children are not really treated in the same way in the family. 12.How did the author get to know that middle children have fewer pictures in the family photo album?
（A） Form the complaints of middle children. （B） Form his own family situation. （C） By asking a lot of middle children. （D） By going to Oprah Winfrey's show.
13.It can be inferred from the passage than many middle children _______.
（A） feel like the ones not really needed in the family
（B） feel proud of themselves in their ability to do their own things （C） are strongly discriminated against in the family
（D） are born with the skill in making friends faster than their siblings
14.The word \（Para. 4） is closest in meaning to _______. （A） compulsion （B） impulse