第四章 阅读理解
【例1】(2014年广东省初中毕业生学业考试英语试题)
A
What better way to welcome spring than by helping to clean up the town we all live in! Here in Rockland we have a Spring Clean-up Day every year in April.The Clean-up Day 2014 will be
April 20th.
It will start with a town clean-up at 8 o'clock in the morning, and a tree planting activity at
the Rockland Park is to follow in the afternoon.One thousand young trees are sure to make the park greener and prettier.
We will divide the people coming to help into eight teams for eight different areas.As usual, we will provide gloves, rubbish bags and other cleaning tools.You will also get free lunches and T-shirts when the clean-up ends at noon.We are going to have a friendly competition to see which
team can pick up the most rubbish.
Bring your kids with you.It is a great chance to teach them to care for the environment around us.We have free drinks and chocolate candies for the children at the park.
Meeting: At the gate of Rockland Park, the town hall at 330 Jones Street, or the corner of Palace Street and North Street.
Sign-up (报名): Call 5862397 on weekdays, or visit our website below any time you like.
( )56.The Spring Clean-up Day in Rockland is held ________.
A．once a month B．twice a month C．once a year D．twice a year
( )57.People in Rockland can help to ________ on the afternoon of April 20th. A．clean up the town B．take care of the kids
C．plant trees in the park D．paint the park greener ( )58.People joining in the Clean-up Day will NOT ________.
A．get lunches and T-shirts for free B．be provided with cleaning tools
C．work in teams to do the cleaning D．take young trees home to plant
( )59.According to the poster, the activities are a great chance to teach the kids to ________.
A．protect the environment B．get free drinks and candies C．pick up the most rubbish D．do cleaning and plant trees ( )60.Which of the following is TRUE?
A．You can call 5862397 to sign up any time you like. B．People can visit www.springcleanup.com to sign up.
C．The town hall is at the corner of Palace Street and North Street. D．People can meet for the activities only at the gate of Rockland Park.
答案与解析
本文是一张海报，宣传2014年春季清洁日活动的相关情况。
56．C 细节理解题。从第一段第二句中的“every year in April”可知活动是每年举办一次。
57．C 细节理解题。从第二段第一句中的“and a tree planting activity at the Rockland Park is to follow in the afternoon”可知下午要做的事情是在公园种树。
58．D 细节理解题。从第三段可知D项内容文章没有提到。
59．A 细节理解题。从第四段第二句可知这些活动是教孩子们保护环境的好机会。 60．B 细节理解题。从最后一段可知A项是错误的，B项是正确的；从第五段可知C、D两项是错误的。
B
To us, it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains.But in fact the umbrella was not invented as protection against the rain.Its first use was as a shade (遮蔽) against the sun.
Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times.Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, back in the eleventh century BC.
We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade.And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor and power (权力)．In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by those in high office or by royal people such as the kings or queens. In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade.The umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece, but it is believed that the first people in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans.During the middle ages in Europe, the use of the umbrella almost disappeared.Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century.And again it became a symbol of power.
Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight.It wasn't until the twentieth century that the umbrellas for women began to be made in all kinds of colors.
( )61.Ancient people first used umbrellas as ________. A．a symbol of honor B．protection against the sun C．a symbol of power D．protection against the rain
( )62.According to the passage, the umbrella was probably first used in ancient ________.
A．Egypt B．Babylon C．Rome D．China
( )63.The underlined word “royal” might mean ________ in Chinese. A．皇室的 B．富裕的 C．中产的 D．平民的
( )64.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A．The ancient Greeks used the umbrella in their daily life. B．Europeans hardly used the umbrella during the middle ages. C．The umbrellas for women were made colorful in ancient times. D．The style of the umbrella hasn't changed a lot since it was invented. ( )65.This passage is mainly about ________. A．the sales of the umbrella
B．the differences among umbrellas C．the invention of the umbrella
D．the history and the use of the umbrella 答案与解析
本文是一篇说明文，介绍雨伞的历史和用途。
61．B 细节理解题。从第一段最后一句可知在古代，雨伞开始是作为遮阳的工具。 62．D 细节理解题。从第二段第二句可知选D。 63．A 词句理解题。从第三段最后一句“by royal people such as the kings or queens”可推
断选A。
64．C 细节理解题。从文章最后一句可知直到二十世纪，雨伞才变得五颜六色，故C项是错误的。从第四段第二句可知A项是正确的，从第四段第三句可知B项是正确的，从最后一段第一句可知D项是正确的。
65．D 归纳概括题。从整篇文章可知本文是介绍雨伞的历史和用途。
C
配对阅读 左栏是五则寻找宠物的启事，右栏是七则宠物招领的启事。请根据左右两栏的信息帮助宠物的主人找到丢失的宠物。
A.I found a cat in my backyard around NW ( )66.Animal LOST 5/23/2014 Street on May 11th, 2014.It's a small cat with A black cat, old and thin.He's about 14 years white hairs and big green eyes.Please call Paul old.Our children have grown up with him and Smith at 9503341. he is part of our family.If you see him, please B．A wounded dog was found at the corner of call us right away. my house at Millplain on April 30th, 2014. Posted by: Debbie 6424111 She has white front legs and big ears.Please call ( )67.Animal LOST 6/5/2014 Medium short haired, all black, about two years me at 9108846. C．A white dog was found in our yard playing old, ears standing up, a very sweet dog. with our dog on March 23rd, 2014.She is a Posted by: Kori 3480542 lovely big dog.There seems something wrong ( )68.Animal LOST 5/4/2014 with one of her legs.Call Mr.Adamson at A dog, 3 months old.She is brown with white 8024156. hairs on her chest.Her eyes are greenish D．Our kids found a cat close to our house at colored.Her nose is pink. Posted by: Senia 3405442 SW Alexander Street.It's a black cat.It is old and ( )69.Animal LOST 4/30/2014 thin.Please call Gordon at 7768585. 1/2 years old.She has big ears and white chest E．A cat was found in my garden on April 30th, with white front legs.She is a small dog and 2014.It's old and thin.Please call Jeff at weighs about 6 pounds.One of her front legs got 8034477. hurt, so she walks with difficulties. F．A baby dog was found around Kauffman Posted by: Jennifer Tomlinson 3607734 Street.It's about 3—5 months old.She has green ( )70.Animal LOST 5/11/2014 eyes and a pink nose.Please call Morrie at Our pet is a small, medium white haired, 9019968. 4-year-old cat.She has two big eyes and they are G．I found a dog at Molalla Area on June 5th, bright green. 2014.It's a small black dog, about 2 years Posted by: Lauren 2407131 old.Please call Larry at 7058864. 答案与解析 66．D 题中“A black cat, old and thin.”与右栏D项的“a black cat, old and thin”相匹配。从猫丢失的时间来看，可排除E项。
67．G 题中“black, about two years old”与右栏G项的“black, about 2 years old”相匹配。 68．F 题中“Her eyes are greenish colored.Her nose is pink.”与右栏F项的“She has green eyes and a pink nose.”相匹配。
69．B 题中“big ears and white chest with white front legs, got hurt”与右栏B项的“A wounded dog, white front legs and big ears”相匹配。
70．A 题中“a small, medium white haired, big eyes, bright green”与右栏A项的“a small cat with white hairs and big green eyes”相匹配。
【例2】(2013年广东省初中毕业生学业考试试题)
A
Wildwood School Library Guide
This will offer you some information about our school library.You can use this guide to help your kids use our library.
Service hours：
3：00 p．m.—5：30 p．m.on school days; 8：30 a．m.—11：00 a．m.on weekends
On school days, your kids may borrow or return books during opening hours only when his classroom teacher allows him to.At the weekend, our library is open to both you and your kids.
Borrowing：
Each student can borrow one or two books at a time.More books can be borrowed only for class reading activities and school research.
Returning：
Books borrowed from the library can be kept for 15 school days.The books must be returned before the due (到期的) date or the kid can not borrow other books.
Damaged (受损的) or Lost Books：
When a book is returned in a damaged condition, the kid will have to pay three dollars for the damage.Full price must be paid if a book is lost.We encourage students to carry their library books in plastic bags to protect them from rainy weather.
Please call us at 3362-1323 for more information.
( )56.Students can borrow more than two books at a time________. A．for reading exams B．to do school research C．for after-school activities D．to read together with their parents
( )57.________ must be paid when a student loses the book he borrows. A．Three dollars B．Half the price of the book
C．Full price of the book D．Twice the price of the book ( )58.The students are advised to ________ to prevent rain.
A．carry their library books in plastic bags B．cover their library books with raincoats C．put their library books into their pockets D．keep their library books in their classrooms ( )59.This library guide is for________.
A．teachers from Wildwood School B．workers in Wildwood School Library . C．visitors to Wildwood School D．parents of the Wildwood School students ( )60.Which of the following is NOT true?
A．The library is open for two and a half hours every day. B．Students' parents can go to the school library on weekends. C．Students can go to the library during opening hours as they like.
D．Students can keep the books that they borrow for fifteen school days. 答案与解析
本文描述的是怀尔德伍德学校图书馆的相关借书指南。
56．B 细节理解题。根据Borrowing中的“More books can be borrowed only for class reading activities and school research.”可知选B。
57．C 细节理解题。根据Damaged or Lost Books中的“Full price must be paid if a book is lost.”可知选C。
58．A 细节理解题。根据Damaged or Lost Books中的“We encourage students to carry
their library books in plastic bags to protect them from rainy weather.”可知选A。
59．D 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“You can use this guide to help your kids use our library.”可知选D。
60．C 推理判断题。根据Service hours中的“On school days, your kids may borrow or return books during opening hours only when his classroom teacher allows him to.”可知C项表述有误。
B
In nature, you may see many insects (昆虫) and animals of different colors.Have you ever wondered why?
Locusts are super delicious food for birds, but it is not always an easy job for birds to catch them.It is neither because locusts are good jumpers or runners nor because they are smarter than their enemies.The reason is that the colors of locusts change with the colors of crops (庄稼)．When crops are young, locusts look green.But when autumn comes, locusts change to the yellow and brown color as crops do.
Brown bears, tigers and other animals move quietly through forests.They can't be seen easily by their enemies.This is because they have colors similar to the trees.For the same reason, polar bears that live on a land of snow and ice are white.Butterflies and bees living among the flowers are colorful like flowers.Soil insects are mostly dark-colored and they live under the soil (土壤) in
a dark and wet environment.However, insects with colors different from plants can easily be found and eaten by others.So in order to survive, they have to hide themselves in the daytime and appear only at night.
Have you ever noticed some even stranger acts? The ink fish in the sea can send out some very black ink when it faces danger.As the ink spreads over, its enemies will find themselves suddenly in a dark world.At the same time the ink fish immediately swims away.That is how it keeps itself safe though it is not strong at all.
( )61.It is not easy for birds to catch locusts because________. A．locusts are good runners B．locusts can jump very high
C．locusts are smarter than birds D．locusts can change their colors ( )62.According to the passage, most soil insects________. A．do not have bright colors B．change their colors with the soil C．do not live in a dark and wet environment D．eat colorful insects like butterflies and bees ( )63.What's the meaning of the underlined word “survive” in the passage? A．繁殖 B．产卵 C．觅食 D．生存
( )64.The ink fish________ so that its enemies will not see it. A．changes its color B．makes the water around it black C．appears only at night D．hides itself in the sea rocks ( )65.What is the main idea of this passage? A．Some insects and animals have different skills.
B．Some insects and animals are cleverer than we think.
C．Some insects and animals use colors to protect themselves.
D．Some insects and animals can get used to the environment easily. 答案与解析
本文主要讲述的是昆虫和其他动物能够生存的原因——它们和周围的颜色、环境等有关。
61．D 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“The reason is that the colors of locusts change with the colors of crops.”可知选D。
62．A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Soil insects are mostly dark-colored and they live
under the soil in a dark and wet environment.”可知选A。
63．D 词句理解题。根据上下文可知，为了生存，颜色鲜艳的昆虫不得不白天隐藏自己，到了晚上才出现。故选D。
64．B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The ink fish in the sea can send out some very black ink when it faces danger.As the ink spreads over, its enemies will find themselves suddenly in a dark world.”可知选B。