武汉科技大学本科毕业设计
摘 要
焦化厂剩余氨水是冶金钢铁行业含氨氮较高的污染源。国内焦化厂为脱除剩余氨水中的氨氮，一般均采用传统的直接蒸汽汽提蒸氨法，蒸氨废水经生化处理后循环使用或外排。但此方法存在成本高，能耗大，脱除率较低，生化处理负荷大等问题，而且长期以来国内氨氮一直未达到国家废水处理的排放标准。因此，迫切需要对焦化厂除氨氮的方法进行改进，使之更符合节能、环保技术经济的要求。
本文利用“煤气吹脱解吸法”中试所得到的最佳数据设计了一条煤气吹脱解析法处理100万吨焦化厂剩余氨水的工艺，利用硫氨工段后的贫氨煤气对剩余氨水进行吹脱，吹脱后的富氨煤气再送到硫氨工段脱氨，从而达到对剩余氨水的处理效果。采用的都是一些较新型的设备，如陶瓷膜过滤器，漩流式反应器，吹脱塔等。而且与传统直接蒸汽蒸氨法相比．具有运行成本低、工艺简单、便于操作等优点。以及与A2/O生化处理工艺的适应性，取得了较好的效果，经处理后的废水中氨氮的脱除率达到95%以上，大大减轻了A2/O法的负荷，为焦化剩余氨水的综合处理指出了一条新路线。
关键词： 剩余氨水； 煤气吹脱解吸法； 氨氮的去除
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武汉科技大学本科毕业设计
Abstract
Surplus ammonia water of Coking and Chemistry Plant is the metallurgical steel trade pollution sources higher in ammonia nitrogen content. Domestic Coking and Chemistry Plant in order to remove ammonia nitrogen from surplus ammonia water, adopt traditional direct steam stripping , steam ammonia law generally, steam the ammonia waste water is recycled after biochemistry deal with or discharged . But this method exists high costs , energy consumption heavy, low removal rate , biochemistry handle load problem such as being heavy , and domestic ammonia nitrogen did not reach national discharge standard of waste water treatment for a long time. So, the method of ammonia nitrogen removal needs to improve in Coking and Chemistry Plant urgently and make it accord with the demands for energy-conservation , technological economy of environmental protection even more.
This text use the the best data gain from \the coal gas blow-denitrogenation and adsorption stripping \having designed a handicraft of %use the coal gas blow -denitrogenation and adsorption stripping \handle the surplus ammonia water of one million tons of coking factory . Make use of the coal gas from sulfur ammonia project blow-denitrogenation the surplus ammonia water, then the rich ammonia coal gas boasting delivers to sulfur ammonia project again to take off ammonia, To reach the treatment effect to surplus ammonia water thereby. Adopted some late-model equipment,eg : Ceramic filter , Eddy stream style reactor , Boast tower , and so on . Have the merit of low working cost , simple handicraft and easy to handle. And handle the adaptability of the craft with A2/O biochemistry , make better result. The removal rate of the ammonia nitrogen is more than 95 percent in the waste water after it is dealt with that \adsorption stripping \great load of lightening A2/O law, to found a new route for the comprehensive treatment of surplus ammonia water of coking.
Keyword： surplus ammonia water; coal gas blow-denitrogenation and adsorption
stripping; ammonia nitrogen removal
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武汉科技大学本科毕业设计
目 录
1 总论 ...................................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 概述 ............................................................................................................................. 2 1.2 剩余氨水的来源，特点及质量组成 ......................................................................... 2 1.3 车间规模组成及主要装备水平 ................................................................................. 3 1.4 节能技术与环保 ......................................................................................................... 3 1.5 主要技术方案综述 ..................................................................................................... 3
1.5.1 主要技术的叙述 ................................................................................................ 3 1.5.2 吹脱工艺流程，设备及其特点 ........................................................................ 4 1.6 设计的依据 ................................................................................................................. 5
1.6.1 数据依据 ............................................................................................................ 5 1.6.2 试验依据 ............................................................................................................ 5 1.7 设计存在的主要问题及处理 ..................................................................................... 5 2 吹脱法处理剩余氨水工艺论述 .......................................................................................... 7
2.1 目前国内外吹脱法的现状 ......................................................................................... 7
2.1.1 吹脱技术净化石油污染地下水 ........................................................................ 7 2.1.2 吹脱法处理中低浓度氨氮废水 ........................................................................ 7 2.1.3 氧化吹脱－离子交换处理2－萘酚生产废水 ................................................. 7 2.1.4 超声波吹脱技术处理高浓度氨氮废水 ............................................................ 8 2.1.5 超重力法吹脱氨氮废水技术 ............................................................................ 8 2.1.6 吹脱法脱除炼油厂含硫化氢废水 .................................................................... 9 2.2 目前国内外剩余氨水的生化处理方法 ................................................................... 10
2.2.1 传统工艺脱氮法 .............................................................................................. 10 2.2.2 A/O(缺氧/好氧)脱氮工艺 ............................................................................... 11 2.2.3 A2/O法 ............................................................................................................. 12 2.2.4 氧化沟硝化脱氮法 .......................................................................................... 13 2.2.5 SBR法（间歇曝气活性污泥法） .................................................................. 14 2.2.6 短程（或简洁）硝化反硝化法 ...................................................................... 14 2.2.7 同时硝化反硝化 .............................................................................................. 15 2.2.8 厌氧氨氧化 ...................................................................................................... 15 2.3 研究方案的选择 ....................................................................................................... 16 2.4 煤气吹脱法工艺叙述 ............................................................................................... 17
2.4.1 剩余氨水处理工段工艺原理及处理方法 ...................................................... 17 2.4.2 工艺流程的选择比较 ...................................................................................... 17
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武汉科技大学本科毕业设计
3 设备选型与计算 ................................................................................................................ 19
3.1 概述 ........................................................................................................................... 19 3.2 物料衡算 ................................................................................................................... 20 3.3 热量衡算 ................................................................................................................... 20 3.4 设备的设计与计算 ................................................................................................... 21
3.4.1 吹脱器的设计 .................................................................................................. 21 3.4.2 贮罐的设计 ..................................................................................................... 29 3.4.3 其他设备的计算与选择 .................................................................................. 29 3.5 管路的计算 ............................................................................................................... 31 4 总图运输 ............................................................................................................................ 33
4.1 概述 ........................................................................................................................... 33 4.2 车间位置 ................................................................................................................... 33 4.3 总平面布置 ............................................................................................................... 33 5 其它专业的设计要求 ........................................................................................................ 35
5.1 土建 ........................................................................................................................... 35 5.2 电力及照明 ............................................................................................................... 36 5.3 工业仪表 ................................................................................................................... 37 5.4 采暖通风 ................................................................................................................... 38 5.5 给水排水 ................................................................................................................... 39 6 环境保护 ............................................................................................................................ 41
6.1 概述 ........................................................................................................................... 41
6.1.1 原来蒸氨法对环境的影响 .............................................................................. 41 6.1.1 现在吹脱法的优点 .......................................................................................... 41 6. 2 绿化设计 .................................................................................................................. 42 7 效益分析 ............................................................................................................................ 43
7.1 环境效益 ................................................................................................................... 43 7.2 经济效益 ................................................................................................................... 43 结 论 ........................................................................................................................................ 45 参 考 文 献 ............................................................................................................................ 46 致 谢 .................................................................................................. 错误！未定义书签。
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武汉科技大学本科毕业设计
前 言
最近几年，科技日新月异，经济迅速发展，特别是我国，基础建设规模日益庞大，钢铁用量则空前增长，用于炼钢炼铁原料的焦碳自然用量剧增。随之而来的是一系列环境问题，如温室效应、光化学烟雾、江河湖水污染变臭、噪音污染等问题正威胁着人类和社会的健康发展。因此，优化工厂生产工艺流程，减少污染物排放量，积极治理环境污染已经是刻不容缓。
在这些环境污染中，水污染是一个重要的因素。而含氮废水的量一般较大，而且含氮废水中的氮容易造成水体富营养化，导致水质恶化，大量水生生物死亡。
焦化废水的来源主要有3部分：煤干馏煤气冷却过程中产生的剩余氨水；煤气净化过程中产生的煤气终冷水及粗苯分离水；焦油、粗苯等精制过程中产生的污水。其中剩余氨水的污染量占总污染量的一半以上，它既是焦化污水的主要来源，同时又是冶金钢铁行业含氨氮较高的污染源。剩余氨水中主要含有煤焦油、酚、氰化物、挥发氨和固定氨、硫化氢以及少量的含锗化合物，在排放到自然界之前，这些物质都必须进行回收处理，以免造成环境污染。焦化厂废水中的氨和铵盐，对金属设备和管道有腐蚀作用，并影响生物脱酚的正常操作，直接排放又严重污染环境。如何寻找一条脱除氨氮，并配合切实可行的生化方法，是各企业急于探求的目标。
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