CET 4 翻译练习素材及词汇
1. 旅游
上海是世界闻名的大都市，也是中国第一大商业城市。上海市高楼林立，灯火映天，素有“远东明珠”的世界级声誉。美丽的外滩（the Bund），缤纷的南京路、淮海路以其夺目的光彩展示着大上海的无穷魅力。上海有“购物天堂”之说，这里商品荟萃，市中心南京路有全国著名的百货、食品及特产商店（specialty store），五光十色，被誉为“中国美丽的橱窗”。
Shang北京翻译公司ai is world-renowned metropolis and the biggest commercial city in China. Because of its numerous brihttp://www.huanyuyida.comhtly lit skyscrapers, Shanghai enjoys an international reputation as the “Pearl in the Far East”. Its infinite glamour is vividly shown by the beautiful bund and prosperous and illuminating Nanjing Road and Huaihai Road. As a paradise for shoppers, Shanghai has all kinds of merchandise/commodities on display. Nanjing Road in the city center is lined with nationally known department stores, food stores and specialty stores. The colorful display of commodities won the road the reputation of a beautiful shopping window (showcase) of China.
长城是一段一段地建造起来的，当时是为了防止北方游牧民族入侵。公元前221年秦始皇统一中国后，连接并增修了公元前5世纪原秦、燕、赵三国建造的长城。以后汉、隋、唐、宋、元、明等各朝又继续加固，增修长城，今天人们看到的长城基本上是明朝的长城。长城多处都成了废墟，但有几处已经修复，最有名的是八达岭长城，每天都吸引了数以万计的游人。
The Great Wall was built section by section to keep out the nomads from the north. In 221 B.C. after Qin Shi Huang, the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty, united China, the sections of the Great Wall built by the kingdoms of Qin, Yan, and Zhao in the 5th century B.C. were linked and extended. The subsequent dynasties, including Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming, etc., continued to strengthen and extend the wall.
Today the Great Wall you see is basically the wall of the Ming Dynasty. Much of the Great Wall is now in ruins, but several sections have been restored. The best known is the Great Wall at Badaling, which attracts tens of thousands of visitors every day.
名胜古迹 scenic spots and historic sites 兵马俑 terracotta warriors and horses 四合院 traditional-style single-story houses 字画 calligraphy and painting 纪念品 souvenir 避暑胜地 summer resort 院子 courtyard 壮观的；壮丽的 spectacular
有??历史 to have a history of …years 占地面积达?? to occupy/cover an area of… 2. 体育
中国发展体育运动的目的是要通过在人民中普及体育运动，增强人民体质、提高整个国家的运动技能、创造新纪录，来促进国家经济、道德和文化的发展。中华民族传统体育是中国体育事业的重要组成部分，是中华民族宝贵的文化遗产。许多优秀的民族传统体育项目，不仅具有很强的健身价值，而且还有很高的艺术价值和丰富的娱乐、教育功能。
The purpose of developing physical culture and sports in China is to popularize sports among the people, strengthen their health, improve the sporting skills of the country as a whole and create new records, thus helping to promote the country’s economic as well as ethical and cultural development. Traditional ethnic sports are an important part of China’s sports activities, as well as a precious cultural heritage. Many of the traditional ethnic sports activities are not only good for health but also have high artistic value, and rich recreational and educational functions.
中国武术历史悠久，深受老百姓喜爱，因为它可以让人强身健体。根据中医理论，武术分内功和外功。外功是指锻炼筋、骨、皮，而内功指锻炼身体内部器官。所以，经常练习武术，可以强健筋骨，还可以调节神经中枢系统，改进心血管、消化和呼吸功能。武术练习强度不同，形式也多种多样，人们可以根据自己的年龄、兴趣和身体状况进行选择。
The time-honored art of wushu is very popular among the people because of its proven value in health building. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, wushu exercises consist of both “external” and “internal” exercises. The “external” exercises refer to exercises to benefit the muscles, bones and skin, whereas the “internal” exercises refer to exercises to benefit the internal organs. Constant practice of wushu helps not only to strengthen muscles and bones, but also to regulate the central nervous system and improve the cardiovascular, digestive and respiratory functions. As wushu exercises are varied in intensity as well as in form, they offer an abundant choice to people differing in age, interest and health condition.
免疫力 immunity 顽强拼搏的精神风貌 never-say-die spirit 户外运动 outdoor sports 体育道德 sportsmanship 攀岩 rock climbing 蹦极 bunjee jumping 民族传统体育 traditional ethnic sports 推广奥林匹克理念 to promote the Olympic ideals 奥运标志 Olympic mark/logo 世界纪录保持着 world-record holder
3. 教育
中国的教育方针是：教育必须为社会主义现代化服务，必须同生产劳动相结合，培养德、智、体全面发展的建设者和接班人。我们的教育要面向现代化，面向世界，面向未来。我们要建立适应社会主义现代化建设需要，面向21世纪，具有中国特色的社会主义教育体系。中国教育有四大部分——基础教育、职业技术教育、高等教育和成人教育。
The guidelines for China’s education are: Education must serve the needs of socialist modernization, be integrated with productive labor, and train builders and successors who are well developed morally, intellectually, and physically. Our education is geared to the needs of modernization, the world, and the future. We want to develop a socialist education system with distinct Chinese characteristics that meet the needs of socialist modernization and are oriented to the 21st century. There are four major types of education in China, namely, basic education, vocational and technical education, higher education, and adult education.
我们要优先发展教育，加大政府对教育的投入。要大力推进素质教育，加强学校思想政治工作，促进学生德智体美全面发展。加强基础教育，特别是加快贫困地区和少数民族地区普及九年义务教育步伐。改革课程教材，更新教学内容，提高教育质量。全面提高教师思想和业务素质。加快教育信息化建设，积极发展现代远程教育。
We must give priority to the development of education and the government will increase its input in education. We will intensify our efforts to improve quality-oriented education and strengthen ideological and political work at schools in order to help our students improve their moral qualities, intellectual ability, physical fitness and aesthetic appreciation. We will strengthen basic education and pay particular attention to quickening the pace of making nine-year compulsory education universal in poverty-stricken areas and areas inhabited by ethnic minority
groups. We intend to reform the curriculum and teaching materials, updating the instructional content and improving the quality of teaching. The ideological level and professional competence of teachers should be raised in an all-round way. We will accelerate the application of IT to education and develop modern distance education.
素质教育 quality-oriented education 应试教育 examination-oriented education 创新精神 creativity/innovation 实践能力 practical ability 扫盲 to eliminate illiteracy 考研热 the craze for graduate school 远程教育 distance education/learning 文科大学 university of liberal arts
理工科大学 university of science and engineering 教育公平 education equity 4. 历史
宋朝的创始人建立了有效的中央集权制；广泛任用民间的学术文人；地方的军事官员及其党羽都被中央任命的官员所替代。这种官员体系使得宋朝的权利比以往任何朝代都更集中在皇帝和官僚机构的手中。宋朝在城市发展方面是非常显著的，这不单指其在管理上的职能，而且还包括其作为贸易、工业和海上贸易的中心的职能。
The founders of the Song Dynasty built an effective centralized bureaucracy staffed with many civilian scholar-officials. Regional military officers and their supporters were replaced by officials appointed by the central government. This system of civil service led to a greater concentration of power of the emperor and his palace bureaucracy than had been achieved in the previous dynasties. The Song Dynasty is