年产10万吨电解铜的铜电解车间设计

年产10万吨电解铜的铜电解车间设计

专 业：冶金工程

学 生：李宁宁 指导教师：党晓娥

设计总说明

铜的电解精炼是以火法精炼产出的精铜为阳极，以电解产出的薄铜（始极片）作阴极，以硫酸铜和硫酸的水溶液作电解液，在直流电的作用下，阳极铜进行电化学溶解，纯铜在阴极中沉积，杂质则进入阳极泥和电解液中，从而实现了铜与杂质的分离。本设计主要对铜电解过程中的物料平衡、热平衡进行计算，对主要设备及辅助设备进行计算与选择，确定了铜电解过程中的主要技术经济指标，并对电解液的净化做了详细说明。

关键词：铜电解，物料平衡，热平衡，净化

Copper plant Design of Annual output

150,000 tons Aluminum

Specialty：Metallurgical engineering Name：Li Ning Ning Tutor：Dang Xiaoe

Design Description

Refining the precise copper produced electrolytically and concisely as the positive pole with fire law of copper, take copper sulfic acid and aqueous solution of the sulfuric acid as the electrolytic liquid very much with the electrolytic thin copper beginning that produces. Under the function of the direct current, positive pole copper carries on electrochemistry to dissolve, pure copper is deposited in the negative pole, the impurity is entered in positive pole mud and electrolytic liquid, thus realized the separation of the copper and impurity, have confirmed the main technical and economic index in the electrolytic course of copper. Have originally designed and also carried on supplies equilibrating, calculation and choice of the thermal balance, horizontal weighing apparatus, capital equipment and auxiliary equipment. the main technical and economic

indicators choice，And the electrolyte purification made detailed instructions

KEY WORDS:electrolytic copper,Equilibrate,purific

目 录

1 前言 ..................................................... 1

1.1铜的性质............................................ 1

1.1.1铜的物理性质.................................. 1 1.1.2铜的化学性质.................................. 3 1.1.3铜的主要化合物的性质.......................... 3 1.2铜的用途............................................ 4 1.3铜资源状况.......................................... 5

1.3.1世界铜资源.................................... 5 1.3.2中国资源...................................... 7 1.4中国铜的生产状况和消费.............................. 8

1.4.1中国铜的生产状况.............................. 8 1.4.2铜的消费...................................... 9 1.5.1铜的湿法冶金................................. 10 1.5.1铜的火法冶金................................. 11 1.6铜的新技术......................................... 12

1.6.1一种采用溶剂萃取净化铜电解液的方法本......... 12 1.6.2分散强化型电解铜箔及其制造方法............... 12 1.6.3硫化矿细菌浸出............................... 12 1.7设计的内容......................................... 13

1.7.1冶金计算..................................... 13

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1.7.2重要设备及辅助设备计算....................... 13 1.7.3制图内容和要求............................... 13

2 厂址选择 ................................................ 14

3.1铜电解精炼流程简述................................. 16 3.2铜电解精炼的理论基础............................... 18

3.2.1阳极过程..................................... 18 3.2.2阴极过程..................................... 18 3.2.3阳极上杂质................................... 19 3.3电解液的净化....................................... 20 4 铜电解精炼的主要设备选择 ................................ 21 5 铜电解技术指标 .......................................... 24

5.1铜电解的条件....................................... 24

5.1.1电解液组成................................... 24 5.1.2添加剂....................................... 24 5.1.3电解液温度................................... 25 5.1.4电解液循环................................... 25 5.1.5电流密度..................................... 25 5.1.6同极中心距................................... 26 5.2阳极寿命和阴极周期................................. 26 6 主要经济技术指标 ........................................ 27

6.1电流效率........................................... 27

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6.2残极率............................................. 27 6.3铜电解回收率....................................... 27 6.4槽电压............................................. 27 6.5直流电能电位消耗................................... 28 6.6硫酸单位消耗....................................... 28 6.7蒸汽单位消耗....................................... 28 7 电解精炼冶金计算 ........................................ 29

7.1电解槽设计计算..................................... 29

7.1.1商品电解槽总数............................... 29 7.1.2电解槽的极板数............................... 29 7.1.3每槽阳极片数................................. 30 7.1.5种板电解槽数................................. 30 7.2物料平衡计算....................................... 31 7.3铜电解精炼热平衡计算............................... 34

7.3.1热收入....................................... 35 7.3.2热支出....................................... 35 5.4净液量的计算....................................... 37 7.5硫酸盐生产物料平衡计算............................. 38

7.5.1计算铜料加入量............................... 38 5.5.2 计算硫酸铜产品产量 .......................... 39 5.5.3一次母液体积................................. 39

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