年产7万吨电解铜的电解车间设计
摘要
本设计为年产7万吨电解铜的电解车间设计，根据设计任务书的要求，本设计对年产7万吨电解铜的电解车间进行了模拟工程设计。经过查阅有关文献，收集相关资料，完成了该设计。本设计的主要内容包括文献综述、工艺流程选择与论证、技术经济指标选择与论证、冶金计算、主要设备计算与选型、环保措施八个部分。在文献综述中，叙述了铜及其化合物的物理化学性质、火法、湿法的冶炼方法。铜电解的工艺与其技术经济指标以设计手册为主，各铜电解厂参数为参考依据进行选取。依据所选的经济指标，对电解槽进行计算与尺寸，数量的确定。依据任务书的车间产量、原料成分、产品质量要求进行物料衡算。通过电解槽的尺寸与有关的参数确定电解精炼的热衡算。最后依据物料衡算数据进行净化与硫酸盐的冶金计算。
关键词：粗铜，电解，参数，指标，衡算，选择论证
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ABSTRACT
The design of the annual output of 70000 tons electrolytic copper of electrolytic workshop design, according to the requirement of design project, the design of an annual output of 70000 tons of electrolytic copper electrolysis workshop of simulated engineering design. After consult relevant literature, collect related material, completed the design. The design of the main content includes literature review, technological process selection and demonstration, technical and economic index selection with argument, metallurgy calculation, the main equipment selection and calculation, environmental protection measures eight parts. In the literature review, described the copper and its physical and chemical properties of the compounds, the dominated, wet method of smelting. Copper electrolysis process and its technical and economic index to design manual is given priority to, the copper electrolysis enterprise parameters is the referencing basis for selection. According to the selected economic indexes, the calculation and cell size, number of sure. According to the workshop, raw material production commitments ingredient, product quality requirements for the material balance calculations. Through the electrolytic cell size and related parameters of the thermal calculation electrolytic refining. Finally, based on analyzing data calculation purification and sulphate metallurgy calculation. Keywords:thick，copper，Electrolysis，Parameter，index，Calculation
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目录
摘要 ............................................................... i ABSTRACT ......................................................... ii 目录 ............................................................... 1 第1章文献综述 ................................................... 1
1.1 概述 .......................................................... 1 1.1.1 铜的物理化学性质 .......................................... 1 1.1.2 铜的化合物的物理化学性质 .................................. 1 1.1.3 铜的用途 .................................................. 3 1.2 炼铜的原料 .................................................... 4 1.2.1 铜的矿产资源 .............................................. 4 1.2.2 铜的再生资源 .............................................. 7 1.3 铜的冶炼方法 .................................................. 9 1.3.1 火法 ...................................................... 9 1.3.2 湿法 ..................................................... 11 1.4 铜冶金技术的发展 ............................................. 13
第2章厂址的选择与论证 ......................................... 14
2.1 厂址选择的基本原则 ........................................... 14 2.2 工业布局 ..................................................... 14 2.3 原材料的供应及交通条件 ....................................... 14 2.4 供水、供电条件 ............................................... 15 2.5 地理与气候条件 ............................................... 15 2.6 其它条件 ..................................................... 15
第3章铜电解工艺流程的选择与论证 ............................. 17
3.1 流程概述 ..................................................... 17 3.1.1周期反向电流电解法 ....................................... 17 3.1.2 永久阴极电解法(ISA) ...................................... 17
3.1.3 传统电解法 ............................................... 18 3.2 理论基础 ..................................................... 19 3.2.1 阳极过程 ................................................. 19 3.2.2 阴极过程 ................................................. 20 3.3 电解液的净化 ................................................. 20 3.3.1 概述 ..................................................... 20 3.3.2 电解液的净化流程 ......................................... 21
第4章技术条件和经济指标的选择与论证 ........................ 23
4.1 铜电解的技术条件 ............................................. 23 4.1.1 电解液组成 ............................................... 23 4.1.2 添加剂 ................................................... 23 4.1.3 电解液温度 ............................................... 24 4.1.4 电解液循环 ............................................... 24 4.1.5 电流密度 ................................................. 24 4.1.6 极距 ..................................................... 24 4.1.7 槽电压 ..................................................... 25 4.2 铜电解技术经济指标 ........................................... 26 4.2.4 电流率效 ................................................. 26 4.2.2 残极率 ................................................... 26 4.2.3 铜电解回收率 ............................................. 27 4.2.4 槽电压 ................................................... 27 4.2.5 直流电能消耗 ............................................. 27 4.2.6 硫酸单位消耗等 ........................................... 27
第5章铜电解精炼冶金计算 ...................................... 29
5.1 铜电解精炼物料平衡计算 ....................................... 29 5.2 铜电解精炼热平衡计算 ......................................... 31 5.2.1 热收入 ................................................... 31 5.2.2 热支出 ................................................... 32
第6章电解液净化及硫酸盐生产冶金计算 ........................ 34
6.1 净液量的计算 ................................................. 34 6.2 硫酸盐生产物料平衡计算 ....................................... 34 6.2.1 铜料加入量 ............................................... 35 6.2.2 计算硫酸铜产品量 ......................................... 35 6.2.3 一次母液体积及铜、酸浓度 ................................. 35 6.2.4 脱铜电解物理料平衡计算 ................................... 35 6.2.4 粗硫酸镍生产计算 ......................................... 36
第七章铜电解精炼主要设备计算与选择 ........................... 38
7.1 电解槽的计算与选择 ........................................... 38 7.1.1 电解槽材质 ............................................... 38 7.1.2 电解槽的构造 ............................................. 38 7.1.3 电解槽衬里材质 ........................................... 38 7.1.4 电解槽的计算 ............................................. 39 7.2 电极的选择 ................................................... 41 7.3 整流器及导电铜材料的计算 ..................................... 41 7.3.1 直流电源 ................................................. 41 7.3.2 槽边导电排 ............................................... 42 7.3.3 槽间导电板 ............................................... 43 7.3.4 短路棒 ................................................... 43 7.3.5 出装槽短路器 ............................................... 44 7.4 电解液循环系统设备及管道计算 ................................. 44 7.4.1 集液槽 ................................................... 44 7.4.2 电解液循环泵 ............................................. 44 7.4.3 高位槽 ................................................... 45 7.4.4 加热器 ................................................... 45 7.5 极板作业机组 ................................................. 46 7.6 车间运输设备计算及选择 ....................................... 48 7.6.1起重机 ................................................... 48 7.6.2 叉车 ..................................................... 49