Browning’s chief model was Shelley.
2,Victorian period is mainly an age of novel, but the development of English poetry did not stop 3,Much Victorian poetry gives expression to optimism and progressive vitality of the age. 4,Taken as a whole , Victorian poetry is remarkably varied and diverse
Alfred Tennyson (1806-1892) (P. 336)丁尼生
II. His Main Poetical Works
1. The Princess (1847)《公主》 2. Maud (1855) 《毛黛》 3. In Memoriam 《悼念》 4. Idylls of the King 《国王叙事诗》. 5. Tennyson’s Best-known short Poems “Break, Break, Break” “The Eagle” “Tears, Idle Tears” 《眼泪，无用的眼泪》 “Crossing the Bar”《过沙洲》
III. Characteristics of Tennyson’s poetry
(1) Tennyson has a total mastery of the sounds and rhythms of the English language.
(2) He has a genius for evoking moods and states of mind in his poems. He is able to create a sense of nostalgia, a wistful longing for remote experiences. (3) No English poet surpasses Tennyson at linking description of nature or setting to the state of mind of the speaker.
(4) Some of his poems deal with the main political, religious and scientific issues of his day. His poems reflect his conservative ideas and idealization of the bourgeois social reality.
Robert Browning (1812-1889) (P. 341)罗伯特布朗宁
II. Robert Browning’s Major Poetical Works
1. The Ring and the Book《环与书》2. My Last Duchess 《我的已故的公爵夫人》3. His best-known short poems
“Home Thoughts from Abroad” 《海外乡愁》; “Meeting at Night”; “One Word More” “By the Fire”; “The Last Ride Together. III. Features of His Poetry
1,His great contribution to poetry are his dramatic monologues, i.e. poems in which a character or a situation is expressed by words put into the mouth of the speaker himself. He is realistic, much concerned with presenting facts and analyzing human psychology. He is optimistic and believes in the progress of mankind.
2,Dramatic Monologue(戏剧独白）: A poem in which the voice of a historical or fictional character speaks, unmediated by any narrator to an implied though silent audience. Such as Tennyson’s “Ulysses”, Browning’s “My last Duchess”’ and T.s. Eliot’s “The Love Song of T. Alfred Prufrock”.
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British Literature of the Early Twentieth Century (1900-1945)
Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) （P378) 托马斯 哈迪 I. His Life
II. his lierary Career: His groups of his novel
1) Novels of Character and Environment, which are also called Wessex novels 性格与环境小说 2) Romances and Fantasies; 浪漫与幻想小说 3) Novels of Ingenuity. 爱情阴谋小说
It is the first group that are of great significance.The Wessex novels take the southwest counties of England for their setting. They include: Under the Greenwood Tree 《绿荫树下》 Far from the Madding Crowd 《远离尘嚣》 The Return of the Native《还乡》
The Mayor of Casterbridge《卡斯特桥市长》 Tess of the D’Urbervilles 《苔丝》 Jude the Obscure 《无名的裘德》 II. Tess of the D’Urbervilles 1. The Story
2. Some Comments on the novel
1) Hardy tries to explain the tragic fate of the heroine under the influence some mysterious forces: a series of coincidence and chance. But the realistic unfolding of the story by Hardy actually points definitely to the disintegration of the English peasantry and hypocritical morality of bourgeois society as the obvious cause of her tragedy. That is to say, her tragedy is caused by the deterioration of economic conditions as well as the legal, moral and religious standard of the society. In this sense, this novel is a passionate accusation of capitalist society.
2) Hardy gives the novel a subtitle, “A Pure Woman Faithfully Portrayed”, we can see him defy the Victorian moral standard by calling Tess a pure woman. The character of Tess is well drawn, she is described as a victim of the society, she is a brave girl, hard-working, sweet-natured and innocent, but at the same time she is not free from the influence of social conventions and moral standard of the day such as her admission of her sin in her relation with Alec and her absolute obedience to Angel.
III. Characteristics of Hardy’s novels
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1) The underlying theme of his novels is the struggle of man against the mysterious force which rules the world, brings misfortune into man’s life and predetermined his fate. This fatalism is strongly reflected in his writings.
2) In his works the strong elements of naturalism is combined with a tendency towards symbolism, which spoil the main realistic effect of his art. In spite of that , Hardy is never far away from the real life and the existing society.
3) Hardy is not an analyst of human life, but a meditative story-teller. He tells good stories about interesting people but seldom stops to ask why. His heroes and heroines are all vividly and realistically depicted but he seldom explores the psychology of his characters.
4) He is a good painter of nature, in his hand, nature assumes the form of life and becomes a most powerful forbidding force with its own life and will, he puts emphasis on the symbolic meaning of the nature.
5） All of his works are noted for the rustic dialect and a poetic flavor which fit well into a perfectly designed architectural structure of the work. They are the product of a conscientious artist.
Stream-of-Consciousness Novel:意识流小说
1，The term “Stream of Consciousness” which was coined by William James in Principles of Psychology (1890) is used to indicate a literary approach to the presentation of psychological aspect of characters in fiction.
2，Generally speaking, there are two levels of consciousness: “the speech level” and “the prespeech level”.The prepeech levels of consciousness are not censored, not rationally controlled or logically ordered. And stream-of-consciousness novel is generally concerned the prespeech level, i.e. with what lies below the surface., 3，Thus stream–of-consciousness novel can be defined as a type of novel in which the basic emphasis is placed on exploration of the prespeech level of consciousness for the purpose of revealing the psychic being of the characters and of studying human nature. Stream–of-consciousness novel is concerned with mental and spiritual experience, such as sensations, memories, imaginations, conceptions, intuitions, feelings and the process of association. 4，James Joyce, Virginia Woolf and William Faulkner are usually regarded as the most prominent stream–of-consciousness novelists. They have opened up a new area of life for novel by adding mental functioning and psychic existence to fiction and by creating a novel centered on the core human experience. James Joyce (1882-1941)詹姆斯乔伊斯 II. His major works
Joyce is not a commercial writer. In his lifetime, he writes altogether three novels, (A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man《青年艺术家的肖像》 , Ulysses《尤利西斯》, and Finnegans Wake《芬尼根的苏醒》); a collection of short stories Dubliners, two volumes of poetry and one play. All of them have the same setting – Ireland, especially Dublin, and the same subject – the Irish people and their life.
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作者 William Wordsworth Percy Bysshe Shelley Jane Austen Charles Dickens William Makepeace Thackeray Charlotte Bronte Emily Bronte Alfred,Tennyson Robert Browning 作品 人物、地名 《Lines》,《she dwelt among the untrodden ways》, 《Lyrical Ballads》, 《Poems on Nature and Country life》,《I wandered longly as a cloud》,《sonnet:composed on Westminster Bridge.》 《Ozymandias》,《A song:Men of England》,《Ode to the West wind》,《The cloud》,《To a Sky-lark》,《Queen Mab》, 《The Revolt of Islam 》;《 Prometheus Unbound》,《 The Masque of Anarchy》 《Northanger Abbey》《, Sense and Sensibility,》 《Pride and Prejudice》, 《Mansfield Park》, 《Emma》 ,《Persuasion》 《Posthumous papers of The pick wick》,《Club》,《Oliver Twist》 《Vanity Fair》 Bennet,(Bingley,Jane,Netherfield Park),(Darcy, Elizabeth),Caroline Bingley,(Lydia,Wickham) Oliver Twist,Old Sally,Bumble,Brownlow,Fagin,Monks,,Maylie Amelia Sedley,George Osborne,Dobbin,(Rebecca Sharp,Rawdon Crawley)Sir Pitt Crawley,Lord Steyne Jane Eyre,Mrs Reed,Lowood School,Miss Temple,Thornfield,Mr.Edward Rochester,Grace Poole,St.John Mr.lockwood,Thrushcross Grange,Wuthering Heights,Heathcliff.Catherine,Hindley,Earnshaw,Nelly Dean,Edgar Linton,Isabella Jane Eyre Wuthering Heights 《Ulysses》《Break,Break,Break》《Crossing the bar》《The Princess 》《Maud》《In Memoriam》《Idylls of the King》.《The Eagle》《Tears, Idle Tears》《Crossing the Bar》 《The Ring and the Book》 《My Last Duchess》《Home Thoughts from Abroad》; 《Meeting at Night》《One Word More》 《By the Fire》;《The Last Ride Together》 《Under the Greenwood Tree》 《Far from the Madding Crowd》 《The Return of the Native》,《The Mayor of Casterbridge》 《Tess of the D’Urbervilles》 《Jude the Obscure》《The Son‘s Veto》 Araby 39
Tomas Hardy James Joyce Jack Durbeyfield,Stoke,Alec,Angel Clare,
第四份：考前模拟练习题，查缺补漏。90以上真心没问题
《英国文学史及选读》第二册练习题 I. 浪漫主义时期
I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets. 1. English Romanticism is generally said to have begun with_____in 1798. A. the publication of Lyrical Ballads B. the death of Sir Scott
C. the birth of William Wordsworth
D. the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament 2. The Romantic Period is first of all an age of_____. A. Novel B. poetry C. drama D. prose 3. Romanticism does not emphasize_____.
A. the special qualities of each individual‘s mind B. the inner world of the human spirit C. individuality
D. the features that men have in common 4._____ is not a Romantic poet.
A. William Blake B. Sir Scott C. P. B. Shelley D. Lord Byron 5. _____ is a Romantic novelist but is impressed with neo-classic strains. A. Walter Scott B. Mary Shelley C. Jane Austen D. Ann Radcliff 6. _____ is not characteristic of William Blake‘s writing.
A. plain and direct language B. compression of meaning C. supernatural quality D. symbolism
7. Wordsworth published Lyrical Ballads in 1789 with _____. A. Byron B. Coleridge C. Shelley D. Keats
8. Wordsworth thinks that _____ is the only subject of literary interest.
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