We all need friends. Without friends we may feel empty and sad. It is not difficult for most people to make friends. But you may feel shy and not want to make the first 1. People can’t live well if they have no friends. (right)
2. If you want to keep a friend forever, you should greet him with a smile.(right)
3. Cooking some soup for a sick neighbour makes you’re the sick neighbour feel much
better.(right)
4. If you have a close friend, It doesn’t matter to be rude to him.(wrong )
5. If you want to be a loyal friend, you should understand their ideas and learn from them.
(right)
Australia(p292)
Australia is a vast continent,the sixth largest in the world.
1. Australia is a large country and has a relatively large population.(W) 2. the majority of people living in Australia are city dwellers.(r)
3. the delivery of education services to people living in remote areas in unimaginable for almost a century(w)
4. the attempt to provide educational services to distant dwellers did not take place until 1916.(r)
5. the schoolwork was delivered and returned through sealed roads,regular bus routes and air services in the beginning.(w)
biomass(p293)
biomass is a cost-effective source of energy.it helps to generate electricity by wood. 6. as a source of energy,biomass can bring the best possible profits for the lowest possible costs(r)
7. one of the advantages of using biomass is that it is a convenient medium to store energy(r)
8. biomass doesn’t produce enough carbon dioxide and is harmless to the environment(w) 9. despite its advantages,biomass is not suitable for commercial uses.(r) 10. only trees and crops can be used as biomass-fuels.(w)
nuclear radiation(p294)
nuclear power’s danger to health,safety,and even to life itself can be summed up in one word:radiation.
11. 1 the mystery about nuclear radiation may come from the fact that it cannot be detected by human senses.(r)
12. we cannot sense radio activity without a radio receiver(w)
13. common radio waves are harmless to human being and other things.(r)
14. even at the lowest levels,radiation will cause cancer by killing the healthy cells(w) 15. victims of nuclear radiation may die of cancer years later.(r)
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livestock’s long shadow(p294)
when you think about the growth of human population over the last century or so,it is all too easy to imagine it merely as an increase in the number of humans?
16. with the increase of human population over the last century,every thing around us is increasing.(w)
17. it was not until the publication of a few report,called”livestick’s long shadows”,that we know how big the number of livestock is (w) 18. rain forest are decreasing ??(r) 19. the global livestock??(r) 20. according to the passage??(w)
pain management(p295)
years ago,doctors oftensaid that pain was a normal part oa life.in particular,when?? 21. pain is a natural part of aging and the older patients have to live with it.(w) 22. today ,it is believed that??(r) 23. to provide a comprehensive ??(r)
24. our respect for pain management has ??(w)
25. the drugs which helped patients relieve ??(r)
the obama administration’s bank rescue proposal(p296)
among the criticisms of the obama administration’s bank rescue proposal is that the government will orivide up to $1 trillion in financing for big private investors to buy up banks’bad assets??.
26. the obama administretion’s bank rescue ?(w) 27. the word “float”means?(w) 28. according to the author ,?(r) 29. the bailout plan is so ?(w)
30. the last paragragh indicates?(r)
The Earth(p366)
The earth is the home for us all. The earth turns round itself once every day,that’s why some people see sunrise and others see sunset at the same time。
58. The earth turns itself once a week 。 B. Wrong
59. The people all over the world can see sunrise at the same time 。 B. Wrong 60. The earth moves round the sun 。 A. Right
61. As the earth goes round the moon, we have our four seasons 。 B. Wrong
62. The seasons in some places on the earth is relatve to their distance from the sun。A. Right
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Great Inventions(p366)
Thomas Edison was a great inventor. A hundred years ago, he stood by a strange machine and said the following words,“May had a little lamb .‖ Then he was surprised by something . that is, the machine talked. 63. phonograph (留声机)was invented two hundred years ago. B. Wrong
64. The computes was a great invention before the helicopter was invented . B. Wrong 65. Nylon greatly influenced the type of clothes . B. Right
66. The inventions for get ting over illnesss has nothing to do with the health of human being . B. Wrong 67. Thomas Edison was a great doctor . B. Wrong
Passage1(p386)
For centuries, in the countries of south and Southeast Asia the elephant has been an intimate part of the culture, economy and religion. And nowhere more so than in Thailand. Unlike its African cousin, the Asian 26. What can we know about African elephants from the passage? (It is hard to tame them.) 27. Thailand was once called ―Land of the White Elephant‖ because white elephant was a national symbol until the 1920s
28. Why is the Thai elephant ―out of work‖, according to the author? Because the elephant are no longer useful to their owners. 29. Which of the following statements is true about the elephant population at various times? Today the elephant population is estimated at 5 150. 30. The passage is most probably from a research report.
Passage 2(p387)
The communications explosion is on the scale of the rail, automobile or telephone revolution. Very soon you’ll be able to record your entire life electronically-anything a microphone or a camera can sense you’ll be 31. By saying that he takes may images of his children, the author wants to display the infuence of communications on life
32. The author most probably thinks the communications dust is amazing.
33. Which of the following statements abut the low-orbit satellites is true? The low-orbit satellites would replace towers and poles functionally.
34. According to the passage, an optical-fiber audio-video link can enable us to talk and see each other no matter where we are.
35. The phrase ―each one‖ (Line 2, Para.5) can be best replaced by each car.
补全短文
Passage1 Functions of power transmission(p299)
The function of （1）power transmission is to send power from power plants to load center or to exchange power between networks in order to attain the generation-consumption balance
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or the supply-demand balance between（2）power networks. Power transmission is completed by step-up substations,（3）step-down substations and connected transmission equipment. The transmission line mainly consists of the transmission conductors (4)transmission at high voltage can reduce the line loss and the voltage drop, ensure the power quality, raise the economy of （5）power network operation. The increase of transmission line voltage can not only raise the amount of transmitted power, but also reduce the line loss and line voltage drop, and improve the voltage quality.
Passage 2 The applications of power electronics for T&D
Power electronics has been applied to power transmission and distribution （1）
In a number of ways over the past thirty years. From providing continuously variable and dynamic reactive power compensation to providing high voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission, the techniques are continuously developing. Until recently the thyristor has provided the main component for this, for the losses in IGBT being too great to challenge it. Even so the IGBT is now （2）in use at distribution power levels for harmonic filtering and power factor control for several years.
The IGBT based voltage source convert (VSC) HVDC transmission system has growing (3) in its capacity and is soon expected to reach ratings of more than 500MW. VSC HVDC transmission is able to transmit power into areas where no synchronizing power source is available, such capability is not inherent (4) in any other available solution. Silicon carbide based semiconductor devices with high voltage withstand capability and very much reduced power losses are expected to appear very soon. This promises to revolutionize the manner (5) in which power electronics is applied to transmission and distribution and this manner will ultimately threaten the existence of conventional methods.
Passage 3 Substation misoperation and its preventing(p299)
The misioeration that can lead to (1) accidents in the electrical operation of the substation mainly are: 1on-load switching of isolating switch; ○2connecting (2) the grounding wire (closing the grounding switch) ○
3closing the circuit breaker (isolating switch)with ground lines (ground switch) earthed. with power on; ○
1preventing the The ―five preventings‖ for (3) preventing the misoperation in substation includes: ○
2preventing the on load opening and closing of isolating wrong opening or closing of circuit breaker; ○
3 preventing (4)the closing of grounding switch with power on; ○4preventing the closing of circuit switch; ○
5preventing(5)the persons from illegal entering the lived bay. breaker with grounding wire connected; ○
Passage4 Functions of instrument transformer
Instrument transformer can be classified into current transformer and potential transformer. The functions of a current transformer are: According to a definite ratio, it (1)transforms large current into small current for the use of various instruments, protective relay and automatic control devices. Also, it (2)isolates the secondary system from high voltage. The accuracy class of current transformer is the percentage value of its current ratio error. The commonly used current transformers are divided into 0.2, 0.5, 1, 3, 10 five
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accuracy classes.
According to a fixed ratio, potential transformer transforms the high voltage into low voltage and (3)keeps a definite phase relation. The functions of a potential transformer are: transform high voltage into low voltage suitable for the (4)secondary equipment; isolate high voltage for keeping the (5) personnel and equipment safe. The accuracy class of potential transformer is the percentage value of its voltage ratio error. It is also the ―error class‖ indicated on the name plate. Generally, the accuracy class of potential transformer is divided into four classes‖ 0.2,0.5,1.0,and 3.0.
Passage 5 Automation system of power grid dispatching
The power grid dispatching automation (1) takes generation and transmission of power system as the control and management object. It is a computer controlled system with the function of data acquisition and monitoring, generation planning and control as well as network analysis. The basic constitution of power grid dispatching automation (2) contains control center, plant and station terminal and information channels.
According to function, the dispatching automation system can be divided into information acquisition & execution subsystem, information transmission subsystem, information processing subsystem and man-machine interface subsystem:
(1)The function of information acquisition and execution subsystem is to collect real-time information (3)as well as receiving and executing operation, regulation and control commands sent by superior dispatching control center;
(2)The function of information acquisition and execution subsystem is to provide a bridge for the information exchange between dispatching control center and information acquisition acquisition and executing subsystem, with the data channel as its core;
(3)The information processing subsystem is (4)the core of dispatching automation system; (4) The function of the man-machine interface subsystem is to (5)process and handle various information which is transmitted to the dispatching center for the purpose of providing a completely useful real-time information of power system to dispatchers who send out telecontrol and teleregulation commands.
Passage 6 A brief introduction on the development of supercritical boilers and their main
advantages(p299)
In (1) some advanced countries such as U.S.A, Japan and European countries, the supercritical boiler has been developed since the 60s of last century. It has been proved by data and experience, the supercritical unit has (2) great advantages on economy and environmental protection. As for its reliability, because the steam-water flow passages in supercritical boiler is same as that in the (3) subcritical once-through boiler, there isn’t anything special, But as far as hydraulic characteristic, a symbol of reliability, is concerned, in a supercritical boiler, under supercritical condition, medium is of single phase which has a (4) good homogenization of distribution . so that the problem caused by unever distribution of steam phase and water phase can be avoided. It is admitted that, if (5) whole process management is strengthened, both supercritical and subcritical units can get an excellent reliability index.
Passage 7 Steam generation and use (p300)
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