玉米脱粒机的传动装置和机架设计

玉米脱粒机的传动装置和机架设计

玉米脱粒机的传动装置和机架设计

摘 要

机械化是农业发展的方向，是减轻劳动者的强度，节省时间，提高效率的较好途径，为了降低农民在玉米脱粒时的劳动强度、提高工作效率，设计玉米脱粒机，主要部位是传动部分和钉齿。其工作原理为电机经皮带轮传动,玉米穗通过料斗进入滚筒，在高速回转滚筒的冲击和玉米穗、滚筒、凹板的相互作用下被脱粒。脱下的子粒大部分通过栅板漏下。穗轴则沿滚筒轴向往后移动，通过筛子表面流出机外。夹带在穗轴中的部分子粒也经过筛孔漏下。风扇的作用是将夹在子粒中的轻杂带走。与同类产品比，结构紧凑，性能优良，操作轻便，安全可靠，且不占场地，搬运存放方便。破碎率很低，可提高种子发芽率。能大大减轻农民劳动强度，有利于抢赶农时季节，促进农民致富，推动农业的发展。适宜在广大农村推广应用。

关键词：玉米；脱粒机；传动结构；设计

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玉米脱粒机的传动装置和机架设计

Abstract

Agricultural mechanization is the direction of development, reduce the strength of the laborers is, save time, improve efficiency a better way, in order to reduce corn farmers in the labor intensity, threshing improve work efficiency, and design more corn, main part is the transmission part and nail teeth. The principle for the motor driving pulley, corn ear through the hopper into roller, at high speed rotary roller impact and corn ear, roller, concave board under the interaction was threshing. Take off the grain most through the grid board under the leakage. SuiZhou along the drum axle after the yearning mobile, through the sieve surface outflow cake layer. In parts of the SuiZhou carry grain have also been screen hole leakage. Fan is the role of the mixed in with fruit light away. With the similar product than, compact structure, good performance, convenient operation, safe and reliable, and do not take a site, carry convenience store. Broken rate is very low, can enhance seed germination rate. Can greatly reduce the farmer labor intensity, be helpful for snatches farming season, and to promote the peasant to become rich, promote the development of agriculture. Suitable for application in the rural areas.

Keywords: corn; Threshers; Transmission structure; design

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玉米脱粒机的传动装置和机架设计

目录

摘 要 ········································································································································1 abstract ·····································································································································2 1 引言 ········································································································································4 1.1课题研究目的及意义 ············································································································4

1.2 国内外研究现状 ···········································································································5

1.2.1 国外研究现状分析 ·····························································································5 1.2.2 国内研究现状分析 ·····························································································6 1.3 本课题研究内容 ···········································································································6 2玉米脱粒机总体结构 ···············································································································7

2.1入料部分 ······················································································································7 2.2脱粒部分 ·······················································································································7 2.3筛选部分 ······················································································································7 2.4机架部分 ······················································································································7 2.5玉米脱粒机的总体设计 ································································································8 3 玉米脱粒机的设计··················································································································8

3.1 电动机的选择 ··············································································································8 3.2 钉齿条上的钉齿转速 ··································································································9 3.3 钉齿滚筒的转速 ··········································································································9 3.4 电动机的功率 ··············································································································9 3.5 电动机的转速 ············································································································ 10 4带及带轮的设计 ···················································································································· 11

4.1传动带的设计 ············································································································· 11

4.1.1 确定计算功率 ································································································ 11 4.1.2 选择V带的型号 ····························································································· 11 4.1.3确定带轮的基准直径 ······················································································ 12 4.1.4 确定传动中心距和带长 ················································································· 12 4.1.5 验算主动轮上的包角 ····················································································· 13 4.1.6 确定V带的根数 ····························································································· 13 4.1.7 确定带的初拉力 ····························································································· 14 4.1.8求V带传动作用在轴上的压力 ······································································· 14

5 V 带带轮的设计 ··················································································································· 14

5.1带轮的材料选择 ········································································································· 14 5.2结构设计 ···················································································································· 14 5.3 从动带轮的设计 ········································································································ 15 6 传动轴的设计 ······················································································································· 16

6.1根据轴向定位的要求确定轴的各段直径和长度························································ 17 6.2 初步选择输出轴系 ···································································································· 17 6.3确定输出轴上的圆角半径r值 ··················································································· 18 6.4 按弯扭合成条件校核轴的强度 ················································································· 18

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玉米脱粒机的传动装置和机架设计

6.4.1 作轴的简图 ···································································································· 18 6.4.2 求输出轴上的所受作用力的大小 ·································································· 18 6.4.3钉齿条上的合力 ······························································································ 18 6.4.4轴上水平面内所受支反力如图 ······································································· 19 6.4.5轴在垂直面内所受的支反力 ··········································································· 19 6.4.6 作弯矩图 ········································································································ 19 6.4.7作弯矩图 ········································································································· 20 6.4.8作当量弯矩图（弯矩、扭矩合成图 ································································· 20 6.5 校核轴的强度 ············································································································ 21 7 钉齿条的设计 ······················································································································· 22

7.1 钉齿条的总体结构设计 ····························································································· 22 7.2 钉齿条及钉齿的设计 ································································································ 23 7.3 钉齿的设计 ················································································································ 23 7.4 圆盘的设计 ················································································································ 24 8 栅格式凹板的设计················································································································ 24 9入料口及脱粒机上盖的设计 ································································································· 25 10机架的设计 ·························································································································· 27 11轴承座的设计 ······················································································································ 28 12玉米脱粒机上的标准件的选择 ··························································································· 29

12.1玉米脱粒机上的螺栓的选择 ···················································································· 29 12.2钩头楔键的选择 ······································································································· 29 13 玉米脱粒机的维护 ·············································································································· 29

13.1玉米脱粒机的技术保养 ···························································································· 29 13.2玉米脱粒机的保管 ··································································································· 29 结论 ·········································································································································· 30 致谢 ·········································································································································· 30 参考文献 ··································································································································· 31

1 引言

1.1课题研究目的及意义

玉米脱粒机用于对于晾干后的玉米穗进行脱粒。我国种子加工工艺流程与国外存在着差异，国外大田玉米穗收获后水分一般为35%，经过烘干室玉米穗烘干后，使其水分达到12.5%，然后进行脱粒。而国内种子公司规模一般较小，没有足够的资金建立果穗烘干室，基本上没有果穗烘干工艺过程。国内种子公司通常采用的办法是将玉米穗场上晾干后，使其水分降至18%，然后进行脱粒，再使

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玉米脱粒机的传动装置和机架设计

用烘干塔对玉米籽粒烘干，是玉米籽粒水分降到13%。由于国内玉米穗脱粒时水分高，籽粒与芯轴连接强度大，致使脱离质量下降，脱粒损失提高。了解国内外玉米粒机发展现状，结合我国国情，研制出满足我国脱粒市场需要的高脱净率、低损伤率玉米脱粒机，是我国种子加工中迫切需要解决的一个实际问题。

为了降低农民在玉米脱粒时劳动强度、提高工作效率，设计玉米脱粒机。该机主要有入料口、栅格式凹版和钉齿脱粒滚筒及传动部件组成。以电动机为动力 源，动力由电动机输出轴输出，再通过传动带传递到钉齿脱粒滚筒上，钉齿脱粒滚筒配合栅格式凹版将玉米脱粒，玉米粒从栅格式凹版分离并排出机体外，而玉米芯入料口的另一端排出机体之外。

1.2 国内外研究现状 1.2.1 国外研究现状分析

从1785年苏格兰人朱梅克发明了第一个回转滚筒脱粒装置，人们对种子玉米脱粒装置做了大量的试验和研究，不断开发出新的种子玉米脱粒装置，1815年美国开发出世界上第一台专用于玉米脱粒的手工操作玉米脱粒机，该机的脱粒部分主要由装有钉子的盘型脱粒装置构成，通过手摇曲柄来转动一个安装有钉子的盘片，脱粒时，操作员一边摇动曲柄来旋转盘片，一边是盘片押金玉米穗，这个盘片就从玉米芯上把籽粒脱落下来。美国AEC group公司生产的HS-48型挤搓式种子玉米脱粒机，脱粒性能好、对不同类型种子玉米的适应性强、种子破碎率相对于打击式种子玉米脱粒机小，在欧洲及美国等发达国家应用普遍。该机生产率高，，破碎率低，但体积庞大，价格昂贵，到目前为止，国内引进四台该机型，分别安装在湖北襄樊正大种子公司，中种集团，甘肃省酒泉登海·先锋种子

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