The English and French alphabets are nearly the same.(英文字母和法文字母几乎一样。) “A”is the first letter in the English alphabet.(在英文字母中,“A”是第一个字母。) 56.perhaps,maybe,probably,possibly
perhaps意为“或许;可能”,相当于maybe,不过maybe只用于口语中,或不拘礼的场合中,而且只能放在句首,而perhaps用在正式的场合,放在句中、句首、句末均可。例如:
Perhaps/Maybe my father will be home for supper today.(我爸爸今天可能回家吃晚饭。) This is perhaps the greatest of her early works.(这可能是她的早期作品中最伟大的。) possibly也相当于perhaps,在许多场合,它们可以互换。但 possibly能和 can连用,perhaps却不能。若possibly和cannot连用,是“绝不可能”之意。例如:
Can you possibly lend me your car?(你能不能把汽车借我用一下吗?) Such a man cannot possibly succeed.(这种人绝不会成功。)
probably虽然也为“或许;大概”,但含“很可能”的意思。它比perhaps,maybe和possibly的可能性都大些。例如:
Probably Alice stayed home because of sickness.(艾丽丝很可能是因为生病而待在家里。)
57.problem,question
problem,question意思都是“问题”。problem指客观存在等待解决或决定的问题,且往往是比较困难的问题。question通常指对某事有疑惑、不能断定而提出需要回答的问题。例如:
She asked me a lot of questions.(她问了我许多问题。)
We are going to discuss this problem tonight.(今晚,我们将讨论这个问题。) problem还有另一个意义是“习题”。例如:
She is so clever that she can work out the difficult maths problem.(她很聪明, 能解出这道数学难题。)
58.remember,forget,stop
这三个动词有一个共同特征。它们后面都可接to do sth.和 doing sth.,但两者的意思却完全不同。
(l)forget to do sth.意思是“忘记要做??”。行为发生在forget之后。 forget doing sth.意思是“忘记曾做??”。行为发生在forget之前。例如:
He forgot to tell her about it.(这件事他忘记告诉她了。)
He forgot telling her about it.(他忘记已经告诉过她这件事了。)
(2)remember to do sib.意思是“记住将要做??”。Remember doing sth.意思是“记住曾做过和发生过的事“。例如:
I remembered to post your letters.(我记住了给你发信。) I remember going there five years aso.(我记得五年前去过那里。)
(3)stop to do sth.意思是“停下来以便去做??”。Stop doing sth.意思是“停下正在做的事情??”。例如:
He stopped to smoke.(他停下来去抽烟。) He stopped smoking.(他戒烟了。)
(4)forget也可作“把(某物)遗忘” 解,但如果说出是遗忘在某处,则不用forget,而用leave。因为forget不能和表示地点的副词连用。例如:
I have left my umbrella on the bus.(我把雨伞丢在公共汽车上,忘记拿了。) I’ve forgotten my umbrella.(我忘了拿雨伞。) 59. ride,drive
(1)drive后跟现代交通工具,表示“乘”、“驾驶”;若后跟家畜,表示“驱赶(家畜)”的意思;若后面没有跟具体的交通工具,则是“开汽车”的意思。例如:
He can drive a car.(他会开汽车。)
He drove some sheep home.(他把一群羊赶回家。) He drove me home.(他开车送我回家。)
(2)ride有“乘;骑”的意思,如骑驴、骑牛、骑自行车等;若后面没有“骑;乘”的对象,是“骑马”的意思。例如:
They rode after me.(他们骑马追我。) Can you ride bike?(你会骑车吗?)
ride也可表示“乘”现代交通工具,但后要接介词in或on。例如: We rode in a plane to Shanghai.(我们乘飞机到上海。) 60.(many)rooms,(much)room。
many rooms中的room意思是“房间”,是可数名词;much room中的room作“空间;地位;余地;场所”解,是不可数名词,通常不加冠词。例如:
There is a room upstairs.(楼上有个房间。).
Is there room for me in the bus.(公共汽车上有没有我坐的位子?)
The table takes up too much room.(这桌子占了太多的空间。) 61.search,search for
search,search for都表示“搜查”,search无具体目标,而search for有具体目标,表示搜寻的目的。例如:
They searched the house.(他们搜查了房子。)
The police searched the house for a thief.(警察在住宅内搜索过贼。) 62.shut,close
shut, close两词在许多场合可以通用。例如:
Open your mouth and close/shut your eyes.但是,当指马路、店铺等交通线路、营业场所“关闭”时,只能用close。例如:
They’ve closed the road for repairs.(他们把那条道路封闭了,以便修理。) It’s a Sunday,so the banks are closed.(今天是星期日,所以银行不营业。)
此外,在较正式严肃的场合或类似“花儿”等逐渐“闭合”,通常多用close。例如: Some flowers open in the morning and close at night.(有些花早晨开放,晚上又合起来。) He closed his speech with a funny joke.(他以一个逗人的笑话来结束演说。) shut用法比close通俗,尤在表示斥责、粗暴的口气时用shut。例如: Tell him to shut up!(叫他闭嘴!) Shut your mouth!(别开口!) 63. small,little
small是实际大小的小,是big或large的反义词,而little除了有small“小”的含义外,往往还带上讲话人的感情色彩,有着“小得可爱”或“小得可怜”的含义,而且little前面时常有表示情感的形容词。small表示小,侧重于度量、面积等,是客观的叙述,通常不含感情色彩。例如:
A small child went up to me and asked me for a dollar.(有一个小孩走到我面前向我要一块钱。)
He is a fine little boy.(他是个可爱的小男孩。)
They have bought a pretty little house near Shanghai.(他们在上海附近买了一栋很漂亮的小房子。)
Poor little thing,come here and let me look after you.(可怜的小东西,来这里,我来照顾你。)
You are too small to be a policeman.(你的个子太小/矮,不适宜当警察。) 64.sometime,some time,sometimes,some times
sometime是副词,表示“(过去或将来)某时”、“有朝一日”,但具体什么时间并不确定,经常和一个表示较大范围时间连用。例如:
New teachers will come to our school sometime nest month.(新教师将于下月某个时候到校。)
I saw her sometime in October.(我在10月份某个时候见到过她。)
some time是个不可数名词词组,意为“某些时间(指一段不算短的时间)”。例如: I saw him some time ago.(我是在一段以前见到他的。) She lived here for some time.(她在这里曾住过一些时候。)
It took us some time to complete the job.(完成这项工作,花了我们一些时间。) sometimes是“有时候;偶尔”的意思。some times意思是“若干次”,词组中的time是可数名词,表示“次数”。例如:
Mary goes to school sometimes by bus and sometimes on foot.(玛丽有时候乘公句汽车上学,有时候步行上学。)
Have you ever been to Tibet?(你曾经去过西藏吗?) Yes.I have been there some times.(我去过几次。) 65. speak,talk,say,tell
(1)指说话的本能时,speak和talk均可通用,所说出的话不一定有明确的含义。例如: The baby is learning to talk/speak.(这婴儿正在牙牙学语.) A mute person can not speak.(哑吧不会讲话。)
(2)表示懂得某种语言且有会话能力,用speak或talk,两者意思基本相同,但speak比talk常用。若问对方是否懂得某种语言,则只能用speak,不能用talk。例如:
Do you speak English?(你会不会说英语?)
She can speak three languages fluently.(她能流利地说三种语言。)
He can talk three languages besides Chinese.(除中文外一他还会讲三种语言。) The girls over there are speaking/talking English.(在那边的那些女孩子在讲英语。) (3)表示句子主语同某人说话时,用speak和talk都可以,但talk比较通俗。例如: May I talk to him?(我可跟他谈谈吗?) May I speak to him?(我可跟他讲句话吗?)
但表示互相交谈时要用talk。例如;
What are they talking about?(他们在谈些什么?) 4)正式发表演说时须用speak。例如:
The President will speak on TV tonight.(总统今晚要发表电视演说。)
(5)表示强调“说出”、“读出”的内容,只能用say,后接名词、代词、直接引语和宾语从句。例如:
We say“Good morning”to our teacher when she comes into the room.(老师走进教室时,我们向她说“早安”。)
She said she didn’t know you.(她说她不认识你。)
The newspaper says that it might rain this evening.(报纸上说今天傍晚可能会下雨。) She said, “I am busy.”(她说:“我忙。”) She said (that) she was busy.(她说她忙。);。
(6)tell有“说”或“讲”的意思,是告诉某人某件事或某些情况,着重表示叙述,一般后面跟间接宾语再加从句。当tell后接宾语,再接动词不定式是表示命令或忠告,say,talk,speak都不可用此种结构.例如:
He told me(that)he was coming.(他告诉我他耍来。) He told me to go.(他叫我去。)
My mother always told me not to talk to strange men.(我妈妈总是叫我不要跟陌生人讲话。)
注意:tell后通常都是先接间接宾语(人)再接直接宾语(事),但是在tell a lie(说谎),tell the truth(说真话),tell a story(讲故事),tell the time(看懂钟表上的时间)等习惯用语中,somebody可以省略。 66. spend,take,cost,pay
这四个词都含有“花费”的意思,但用法各不相同。
(l)take作“花费”解对。它的句式结构为“人称代词(主格)/名词(人)+take十时间、金钱十to do”,“It take十人称代词(宾格)/名词十时间、金钱 + to do”。例如:
I took two long hours to find her out. = It took me two long hours to find her out.(我花了足足两个小时才把她找到。)
It takes a lot of money to buy a TV set.(买一台电视机要花很多钱。)
(2)spend作“花费”解时,主语必须是人。它的句式结构为“人称代词(主格)/