基于单片机的自动寻位立体车库系统
摘 要
随着我国国民经济的高速发展和城市化水平的不断加快，汽车的保有量在飞速的增长，汽车的停放已经成为城市发展的一个重要问题。原有的停车场不能满足城市发展的要求，在这种情况下立体车库逐渐得到了发展。
本文介绍了立体车库的研究背景及意义；分析了各种立体车库的特点，选择垂直循环式的立体车库作为研究对象，并确定了车库的总体设计方案；以单片机为控制核心，给出了立体车库的自动控制方法；设计了自动存取车系统的组成和功能，并对存取车策略进行优化；根据车库控制系统的控制原理，完成了控制系统的硬件设计和软件设计。系统在功能上实现了车位的自动检测、空车位的自动给定、空车位数量的告知和车辆的自动存取，具备了自动化立体车库的基本功能。
本设计以单片机为控制器，取代了PLC，用以对小容量立体车库的控制，可以实现立体车库的自动化操作，不需要人员参与，使用方便。
关键词：立体车库；垂直循环；单片机；自动控制
内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）
Stereo Auto-Garage System Based on Single-chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the rapid development of China's national economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the number of the vehicles has grown rapidly, resulting that the car parking has become an important issue in urban development. The existing parking can not meet the requirements of urban development, in which case the stereo garage is being developed gradually.
This article introduces the background and the significance of the stereo garage; analyzes the characteristics of the stereo garage; selects the stereo garage of vertical circulating type as the study and determines the overall design of the garage program; makes the single-chip microcomputer as the core of the control, gives the stereo garage methods; designs the composition and the functions of the stereo garage accessing to, and optimize the strategies about depositing and withdrawing cars. According to the controlling principle of the controlling system, complete the hardware and software design of the controlling system. The system has been realized that of it detects automatically the spaces in the functions, automatically gives the empty spaces, informs the number of empty parking spaces and deposits and withdraws the cars, with the basic functions of the stereo garage.
In this design, the single-chip microcomputer controller was designed to replace the PLC, controling the small capacity of stereo garage so automation can be achieved without human participation, and it is easy to be used.
Key words: stereo garage; vertical and rotary; single-chip microcomputer; automatic control
内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）
目 录
摘 要 ......................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ......................................................................................................................................II 第一章 引 言 ............................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 课题研究背景及意义 ................................................................................................. 1
1.1.1 课题研究背景 .................................................................................................. 1 1.1.2 发展立体车库的意义 ...................................................................................... 1 1.2 立体车库研究现状及发展前景 ................................................................................. 2
1.2.1 国外研究现状 .................................................................................................. 2 1.2.2 我国研究现状 .................................................................................................. 4 1.2.3 立体车库的发展前景 ...................................................................................... 4 1.3 论文结构和主要研究工作 ......................................................................................... 6
1.3.1 设计任务要求 .................................................................................................. 6 1.3.2 论文结构 .......................................................................................................... 6 1.3.3 论文的主要研究内容 ...................................................................................... 7 1.4 本设计的重点和难点 ................................................................................................. 8 第二章 立体车库选型和总体方案设计 .................................................................................. 9
2.1 立体车库介绍及选型 ................................................................................................. 9
2.1.1 立体车库简介 .................................................................................................. 9 2.1.2 立体车库的分类 ............................................................................................ 10 2.1.3 立体车库的选型 ............................................................................................ 11 2.2 总体设计方案 ........................................................................................................... 12
内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）
第三章 控制系统硬件设计 .................................................................................................... 15
3.1 单片机控制电路 ....................................................................................................... 15
3.1.1 单片机的选择 ................................................................................................ 15 3.1.2 单片机振荡电路 ............................................................................................ 17 3.1.3 单片机复位电路 ............................................................................................ 17 3.1.4 单片机控制电路的连接 ................................................................................ 18 3.2 系统检测部分设计 ................................................................................................... 18
3.2.1 空车位检测 .................................................................................................... 19 3.2.2 到位检测 ........................................................................................................ 19 3.3 IC卡接口电路设计 ................................................................................................... 20 3.4 动力控制电路设计 ................................................................................................... 23 3.5 LED显示电路设计 ................................................................................................... 24
3.5.1 LED数码管简介 ............................................................................................ 24 3.5.2 驱动电路 ........................................................................................................ 25 3.6 其他部分介绍 ........................................................................................................... 26 第四章 控制系统软件设计 .................................................................................................... 27
4.1 车库的操作流程 ....................................................................................................... 27 4.2 系统主程序 ............................................................................................................... 28 4.3 存取车流程设计 ....................................................................................................... 29
4.3.1 调车过程和调车原则 .................................................................................... 29 4.3.2 停车系统模型 ................................................................................................ 29 4.3.3 存取车流程 .................................................................................................... 31 4.4 IC卡读写程序 ........................................................................................................... 32
内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）
4.5 LED显示程序 ........................................................................................................... 35 第五章 总结 ............................................................................................................................ 38 参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. 39 附录A：硬件原理图 .............................................................................................................. 41 附录B：程序 .......................................................................................................................... 42 致谢 .......................................................................................................................................... 56