武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院
毕业设计（ 论 文）说明书
论文题目学 号学生姓名专业班级指导教师 总评成绩
年产19万吨聚氯乙烯悬浮聚合生产工艺设计 6205130123 彭湃
12高分子材料与工程01班 薛永萍
2016 年3月21日
目 录
摘 要 ......................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... II 第一章 文献综述 .................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 聚氯乙烯（PVC）的概况 ......................................................................................... 1 1.2国内PVC发展状况及发展趋势 ............................................................................... 2 1.3 国外PVC发展简介 ................................................................................................... 4 第二章 氯乙烯性质、生产方法及流程介绍 .......................................................................... 6
2.1 氯乙烯性质 ............................................................................................................... 6 2.2 氯乙烯的生产方法 ............................................................................................................. 6
2.2.1 乙烯法 .............................................................................................................. 6 2.2.3 乙炔法 .............................................................................................................. 9 2.3 工艺简述 ................................................................................................................... 10
2.3.1 工艺方法介绍 ................................................................................................ 10 2.3.2 工艺流程介绍 ................................................................................................ 11
第三章 物料衡算 .................................................................................................................. 13
3.1 物料衡算依据 ........................................................................................................... 13 3.2 物料衡算条件 ........................................................................................................... 13 3.3 各个设备物料衡算 ................................................................................................... 15
3.3.1 乙炔发生段与氯乙烯合成段物料衡算 ........................................................ 15 3.3.2 聚合釜物料衡算 ............................................................................................ 17 3.3.3 出料槽物料衡算 .......................................................................................... 19 3.3.4 汽提塔物料衡算 ............................................................................................ 20 3.3.5 离心机物料衡算 ............................................................................................ 22 3.3.6 气流干燥物料衡算 ........................................................................................ 23 3.3.7 沸腾干燥物料衡算 ...................................................................................... 24 3.3.8 筛分包装物料衡算 ........................................................................................ 25 3.4 物料衡算总平衡 ....................................................................................................... 26 第四章 热量衡算 .................................................................................................................... 28
4.1 乙炔发生器的热量衡算 ........................................................................................... 28
4.1.1 设计条件 ........................................................................................................ 28 4.2 聚合釜热量衡算 ....................................................................................................... 29 4.3 汽提塔热量衡算 ....................................................................................................... 33 4.4 气流干燥塔热量衡算 ............................................................................................... 34 4.5 空气加热器热量衡算 ............................................................................................... 36 第五章 设备选型计算 ............................................................................................................ 39
5.1 聚合釜的选型 ........................................................................................................... 39 5.2 料浆排放槽的选型 ................................................................................................... 41 5.3 汽提塔的选型 ........................................................................................................... 41 5.4 离心机的选型 ........................................................................................................... 41 5.5 气流干燥塔鼓风机的选型 ....................................................................................... 42 5.6 聚合反应的设备一览表 ........................................................................................... 45 第六章 安全措施、三废处理及热量循环 ............................................................................ 48
武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文）
6.1 厂内防火防爆处理方法 ........................................................................................... 48 6.2 三废的处理以及热量循环利用 ............................................................................... 48
6.2.1 电石渣的处理 ............................................................................................... 48 6.2.2电石渣上清液的处理 .................................................................................... 49 6.2.3 热水的综合利用 ............................................................................................ 49 6.2.4转化水洗塔水的回收利用 ............................................................................ 49
小 结 ...................................................................................................................................... 50 致 谢 ...................................................................................................................................... 50 参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. 52
武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文）
摘 要
本文概述了聚氯乙烯的性质、应用、发展状况、工艺进展以及聚合过程中的影响因素，在此基础上确定了聚氯乙烯悬浮聚合的生产工艺路线和相关参数。对年产19万吨聚氯乙烯工艺进行了设计。
采用悬浮法生产聚氯乙烯，原料路线为乙炔法。工艺过程中需要注意的问题，包括质量影响因素，工艺条件及合成工艺中的各种助剂选择,对聚合工艺过程进行详细的叙述。并且从物料衡算、热量衡算和设备计算及选型三个方面进行准确的工艺计算，采用8个70m3的聚合釜进行并联操作，每批生产聚合物数量为223912.53kg，所以每釜每批投料27989.07kg，转化率为88%，所需VCM质量为31805.76kg。另外装置还采取了防火防爆防雷等重要措施，对三废的处理回收等进行了叙述，最后画出了整个工艺流程图、聚合釜设备图、车间布置图。
关键词：聚氯乙烯；悬浮聚合；乙炔法；VCM；三废
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武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文）
Abstract
The properties, application, development and the technology progress of PVC were summaried in this paper. After the influence factors of synthesis process discussed,for an annual output of 190,000 tons of PVC process was designed.
This design uses suspension PVC production, the raw material for the acetylene route. The process issues that need attention, including quality factors, the process and the synthesis process of selecting various additives, the polymerization process is described in detail. And proceeds from the material balance, heat balance calculation and selection of equipment and three process accurately calculated using8,70m3 polymerization vessel operating in parallel, each batch of production volume polymer 223912.53kg, so every batch autoclave feeding 27989.07kg, the conversion was 88%, the required VCM quality 31805.76kg. In addition the device has also taken important measures to fire and explosion lightning protection, recycling of waste treatment has been described, and finally draw the entire process flow diagram, Figure polymerizer equipment, plant layout.
Keywords: PVC; suspension polymerization; acetylene; VCM; waste
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