中国石油大学(华东)本科毕业设计(论文)
摘 要
经过上个世纪对常规稀油资源的过度开采和消耗，使得常规稀油储量日益减少。在这样的大背景下，非常规石油资源以其储量巨大、分布集中等特点，随着勘探开发技术的日趋进步，在石油工业中的地位和作用越来越重要。研究稠油油藏提高采收率技术，为提高稠油采收率技术的开发提供新的思路，这对加快我国提高采收率技术研究步伐有着极其重要的推动作用。稠油粘度高, 密度大, 在地层中流动阻力大,所以稠油油藏开采时不但驱替效率低, 而且体积扫油效率低, 常规开采方式开采效率低。本文通过对国内外稠油基本概况及提高稠油采收率技术的调研，对蒸汽吞吐、蒸汽驱、火烧油层、聚合物驱、表面活性剂驱、碱驱、蒸汽辅助重力泄油（SAGD）、蒸汽萃取（VAPEX）、稠油出砂冷采及利用微生物开采等技术进行了系统的探讨。分析了各种方法的采油机理和工艺，总结了它们的特点及所适用油藏的标准。结合现场实施效果，发现问题，提出解决问题的方案。同时，对目前稠油开采领域一些正在发展中的声波采油、人工地震等采油技术进行了归纳和总结。
关键词：稠油油藏；采收率；EOR
中国石油大学(华东)本科毕业设计(论文)
ABSTRACT
中国石油大学(华东)本科毕业设计(论文)
The excessive exploitation and consumption of light oil resources in the last century makes conventional light oil reserves dwindling. On the such background, non-conventional oil resources,which is enormous and focus,has become increasingly important along with the increasing exploration and development technology.The research on EOR technology of heavy oil reservoir provides a new concept of heavy oil exploration,which accelerates the pace of the research on technology in China.Heavy high-viscosity, density, flow resistance in the formation of large, so, when the exploitation of heavy oil displacement is not only inefficient, but the volume so low efficiency, conventional mining methods and inefficient extraction. In this paper, the basic profiles of heavy oil at home and abroad and to enhance heavy oil recovery technology, research, and cyclic steam stimulation, steam flooding, burning oil, polymer flooding, surfactant flooding, alkaline flooding,steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), vapor extraction (VAPEX),Heavy Oil Cold Production and use of microbial technology for exploitation of the system. Analysis of a variety of methods and techniques of oil recovery mechanism, sum up their reservoir characteristics and the application of standards. Combined effect of the scene and found that the question of solving the problem. At the same time, the field of heavy oil recovery is currently being developed, some of the sound production, oil recovery techniques such as artificial earthquake is summarized and concluded.
Key words: heavy oil ; oil recovery; EOR
中国石油大学(华东)本科毕业设计(论文)
目 录
前 言 .................................................................................................................... 1 第1章 稠油油藏概述 ........................................................................................ 3 1.1 稠油的定义及划分标准 ............................................................................. 3 1.1.1 稠油的定义 .......................................................................................... 3 1.1.2 国内外稠油的划分标准 ...................................................................... 3 1.2 稠油的特点 ................................................................................................. 4 1.3 中国稠油油藏分布 ..................................................................................... 5 1.4 中国稠油油藏开采现状 ............................................................................. 5 1.4.1 辽河油田 .............................................................................................. 5 1.4.2 胜利油田 .............................................................................................. 6 1.4.3 克拉玛依油田 ...................................................................................... 6 1.5 本章小结 ..................................................................................................... 7 第2章 提高稠油采收率的主要方法和机理 .................................................... 8 2.1 热力采油技术 ............................................................................................. 8 2.1.1 蒸汽吞吐 .............................................................................................. 8 2.1.2 蒸汽驱 ................................................................................................ 10 2.1.3 火烧油层技术 .................................................................................... 12 2.2 化学驱采油技术 ....................................................................................... 15 2.2.1 聚合物驱油 ........................................................................................ 15 2.2.2 表面活性剂驱油 ................................................................................ 18 2.2.3 碱驱 .................................................................................................... 20 2.3 微生物驱采油技术 ................................................................................... 23 2.3.1 微生物开采机理 ................................................................................ 24 2.3.2 稠油微生物开采技术的优势及问题 ................................................ 24 2.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................... 25 第3章 提高稠油采收率的其他方法 .............................................................. 26 3.1 蒸汽辅助重力泄油技术 ........................................................................... 26 3.1.1 蒸汽辅助重力驱采油机理 ................................................................ 26 3.1.2 蒸汽辅助重力驱采油技术工艺 ........................................................ 26
中国石油大学(华东)本科毕业设计(论文)
3.1.3 蒸汽辅助重力泄油技术特点 ............................................................ 27 3.1.3 蒸汽辅助重力泄油技术存在问题及解决办法 ................................ 27 3.2 蒸汽萃取技术 ........................................................................................... 27 3.2.1 基本概念 ............................................................................................ 27 3.2.2 蒸汽萃取采油机理 ............................................................................ 28 3.2.3 蒸汽萃取采油技术工艺 .................................................................... 28 3.2.4 蒸汽萃取技术特点 ............................................................................ 28 3.3 注氮气与蒸汽提高稠油采收率 ............................................................... 29 3.3.1 注氮气与蒸汽提高稠油采收率机理 ................................................ 29 3.4 稠油出砂冷采 ........................................................................................... 30 3.4.1 稠油出砂冷采的含义 ........................................................................ 30 3.4.2 出砂冷采机理分析 ............................................................................ 30 3.4.3 稠油出砂冷采技术油藏条件 ............................................................ 31 3.4.4 影响出砂冷采效果分析 .................................................................... 32 3.4.5 出砂冷采存在的问题 ........................................................................ 33 3.5 非凝析气相泡沫调驱技术 ....................................................................... 34 3.5.1 泡沫调驱的技术原理 ........................................................................ 34 3.5.2 泡沫调驱的技术特点和适用性 ........................................................ 34 3.5.3 泡沫调驱技术的工艺方法 ................................................................ 34 3.6 声波采油技术 ........................................................................................... 34 3.6.1 电脉冲仪冲击声波采油技术 ............................................................ 35 3.6.2 低频声波采油技术 ............................................................................ 35 3.6.3 超声波采油技术 ................................................................................ 35 3.7 人工地震法采油技术 ............................................................................... 36 3.7.1 震动加快了地层中流体的流速 ........................................................ 36 3.7.2 动能降低稠油粘度，改善流动性能 ................................................ 36 3.7.3 振动具有改善岩石表面润湿性的作用 ............................................ 37 3.8 THAI稠油开采技术 ................................................................................. 37 第4章 结论 ...................................................................................................... 39 致 谢 .................................................................................................................. 40 参考文献 .............................................................................................................. 41