ZL系列轮式装载机
图纸jia个人资料的QQ
2013年6月
摘要
装载机是一种重要的土石方施工机械，普遍应用于铁路、公路、建筑、港口、水电、矿山等建设工程。它的主要作用是铲装石灰、砂石、碎屑、土壤、煤炭等散状物料，同时也可以对硬土、矿石等作一定程度的铲挖作业。装载机拥有操作轻便，效率高，机动性好，作业速度快等一系列优点，在加快工程建设的速度，降低工程的成本，提高工程的质量，减轻劳动的强度等诸多方面都起着非常重要的作用，因此成为现代机械化施工中非常重要的机械装备之一。
轮式装载机是由动力装置、传动系统、行走装置、液压系统、转向系统、制动系统和工作装置等诸多系统组成。由于工作装置的合理科学性直接影响着装载机的生产效率、动力特性、运动特性、发动机功率、各工况下的作业效果、工作负荷、工作循环时间、外形尺寸等诸多因素，因此，装载机工作装置设计的合理性和科学性对装载机的整体性能有至关重要的影响。
轮式装载机的工作装置主要由铲斗，动臂，摇臂，连杆，动臂油缸和转斗油缸组成。科学合理的设计并校核这些零部件，才能最终设计出结构和工作性能合理的装载机工作装置。
关键词：装载机，施工机械，工作装置，设计，校核
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ABSTRACT
Loader is a kind of important earthwork construction machinery, widely used in railway, highway, building, port, hydropower, mining and other construction projects. Its main role is loading lime, sand and gravel, debris, soil, coal and other bulk materials, can also be a certain degree of shovel to the hard soil, ore digging. With convenient operation, loading machine with high efficiency, good mobility, fast operating speed and a series of advantages, to speed up the construction speed, reduce project cost, improve project quality, plays a very important role to reduce labor intensity and so on many aspects, therefore become one of mechanical equipment are very important in modern mechanized construction the.
The wheel loader is composed of a power device, a transmission system, a walking device, hydraulic system, steering system, braking system and working device and other system components. Due to the reasonable scientific working device of loader directly affects production efficiency, dynamic characteristics, motion characteristics, engine power, under the condition of operation effect, working load, cycle time, size and other factors, therefore, influence of loader working device. The rationality and the scientific nature of the overall performance of the loader are the crucial.
The digging resistance and digging force is an important performance index to measure the performance parameters of the excavator, essential to its analysis and calculation. The digging resistance is mainly related with the mining object and its size parameters, and the mining capacity of many conditions, analysis of risk is the key point of operation. In mining based on the force analysis, calculation and analysis can be carried out for each member of the hinge point, and analyzes the rationality of mechanism design.
KEY WORDS: Loading machine, Construction machinery, Equipment, Design, verification
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第1章绪论 ··························· 1
1.1工程机械国内外现状及发展 ·················· 1 1.2装载机的简介 ························ 2
1.2.1装载机的用途 ····················· 2 1.2.2装载机的分类 ····················· 2 1.3国内轮式装载机发展现状及趋势 ················ 3
第2章轮式装载机原理 ···················· 6
2.1轮式装载机的总体结构 ···················· 6 2.2轮式装载机的工作原理 ···················· 6
第3章ZL系列轮式装载机的总体设计 ··········· 7
3.1总体设计的原则及主要内容 ·················· 7
3.1.1工程机械设计原则 ··················· 7 3.1.2工程机械总体设计的主要内容 ·············· 8 3.2ZL系列轮式装载机总体参数的确定 ··············· 8
3.2.1轮式装载机总体参数的确定 ··············· 8 3.2.2ZL轮式装载机的插入阻力与掘起阻力的确定 ········ 12 3.3ZL系列轮式装载机的总体布置 ················· 13
3.3.1总体布置的内容、原则和基准选择 ············ 13 3.3.2轮式装载机各部件布置的具体要求 ············ 14 3.3.3各运动部位校核要求 ·················· 16 3.3.4桥荷分配和重心位置的计算与调整 ············ 17 3.3.5轮式装载机稳定性计算 ················· 18
第4章ZL系列轮式装载机工作装置的设计 ········ 20
4.1轮式装载机工作装置的概述 ·················· 20
4.1.1轮式装载机简介 ···················· 20 4.1.2轮式装载机的工作过程 ················· 21 4.1.3轮式装载机工作装置的设计要求 ············· 21 4.2铲斗的设计 ························· 22
4.2.1铲斗的设计要求 ···················· 22 4.2.2铲斗形状、结构 ···················· 22 4.2.3铲斗主要几何尺寸的确定 ················ 24 4.3工作装置连杆机构设计 ···················· 28
4.3.1确定动臂长度、形状与车架的铰接位置 ·········· 29 4.3.2确定动臂举升油缸的铰接位置及举升油缸的行程 ······ 33
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4.3.3其余各点的确定 ···················· 34
第5章工作装置强大设计与校核 ·············· 39
5.1 工作装置的外载荷计算 ··················· 39 5.2 工作装置的受力分析 ···················· 39
结论 ······························ 47
参考文献 ···························· 48 致谢 ······························ 49
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