初中英语语法讲解
在中考单项选择试题中,除了时态,名词的考查频率也较高。一般考查以下几点: 一、 可数名词与不可数名词
在可数名词与不可数名词上一般出现这样几类,(1)分辨是哪一类名词,并根据结论做选择。(2)可数名词复数的不规则变化。(3)不可数名词的量化表达。所以,考生首先要能够明确哪些是可数名词,哪些是不可数名词。其次,还要知道可数名词的复数的变化规则。可数名词的变化规则一般是在单词后面加-s 或-es,如:
1desk---desks bed---beds piano---pianos hat---hats bag---bags photo---photos 2bus---buses box---boxes watch---watches brush---brushes 3tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes hero---heroes Negro---Negroes 4 leaf---leaves knife---knives 5baby---babies family---families
另外,还要记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式,如: Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese
Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen Russian---Russians American---Americans German --- Germans
child---children foot---feet man---men woman---women tooth---teeth goose --- geese deer---deer sheep---sheep
还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有: a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of
另外,大家应注意:单数集合名词作主语时谓语动词“数的”变化:单数集合名词如class, police, family, school, group, team等。尽管形式上是单数,意义上都是复数,因此,一般要与复数谓语动词连用,例如: Class Five have a foreign friend.
五班有一位外国朋友。(这里的五班指五班的同学的。)
His family are good to me. 他的家人对我很好。(很显然,这里的family指家庭成员。)当上述集合名词着重指“整体”时, 意义上则是单数,因此,要与单数谓语动词连用。例如, Our school team often plays well in our city.
我们的校队经常在我们市踢得很好。(这里的team 指整个队,但意义上仍为单数,故谓语动词用plays.
初中英语语法讲解二、名词所有格
名词所有格有两种形式:一是加?s,一种是用of来表示。一般情况下,指某人的某物用?s表示,而指某物的什么用of 短语来表示。另外,要注意凡是以s结尾的名词或规则名词的复数,不能直接加?s,而应该加-?即可。例如,boys
? clothes girls? dresses。 不过,注意例外情况,例如, the boss?s handwriting,其中the boss?s 的-?s不可省略。因为在英语中,如果以-s 或-ss 结尾的名词不是复数复数形式,那么其名词所有格仍加-?s。那么你会说“琼斯的小汽车”吗?对,Jones?s car。
下面我们来做一部分习题。 1. June 1st is ___ Day.
A. Child?s B. Childs? C. Childrens? D. Children?s 答案:D
2. I need ___ paper, Mum. I want to write ___ letter to my English teacher. A. any, some B. some, a C. a, some D. some,any 答案:B
3. There are two ___ and three ___ on the table.
A. knifes, forks B. knifes, fork C. knives, forkes D. knives, forks 答案:D
4. We have got a lot of___ today.
A. newspaper to read B. homework to do C. homeworks to do D. book to read 答案:B
5. We could see __ children and hear ___ noise in the park. A. many, many B. much, much C. many, much D. much, many
答案:C
6. Will you pass me ___?
A. a few pieces of chalk B. a few chalks C. a few of chalks D. some chalks 答案:A
7. ___ has been invited to the dancing party.
A. A friend of her B. A friend of hers C. Friends of hers D. Friends of her 答案:B
下面请大家自己练习一下。 1. September 10th is ___ Day.
A. the Teacher B. Teachers? C. Teacher D. Teacher?s 答案:B
2. ---Can I help you, sir?
---I?d like to have 100___. I want the students to draw pictures on them. A. piece of paper B. pieces of paper C. papers D. paper 答案:B
3. ---Would you like ___ milk, please? ---No, thank you. I still have some. A. some more B. an C. a little of D. all 答案:A
4. ___ the old woman is in!
A. What good health B. How a good health C. What a good health D. How good health 答案:A
① What + a(n) + 形容词 + 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语! ② What + 形容词 + 复数名词 + 主语 + 谓语! ③ What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语! ④ How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语! ⑤ How + 形容词 + a(n) + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语! ⑥ How + 主语 + 谓语!
5. I?m going to help ___ with ___ English.
A. a friend of Nancy, hers B. a friend of Nancy?s, her C. a friend of Nancy?s, hers D. a friend of Nancy, her 答案:B
6. The two desks here are ___. You may use the desk over there. A. Mary and Jane B. Marys and Janes C. Mary and Jane?s D. Mary?s and Jane?s 答案:D
初中英语语法讲解
初中英语语法--形容词讲解及练习
1. 有些表语形容词前不可用very,而要用much,very much等副词,如用much afraid,fast asleep。
2. alive也可用定语形容词,常后置。He is the oldest man alive。
3. 名词化的形容词用于指人时,应看作是复数,用于指物时,表示整体抽象概念,应看作是单数,谓语动词用单三:The old like a quiet place。The unusual is not always the best。
4. 名词化的形容词连在一起使用时可省略冠词:Old and young should hepl each other。
5. 当有两个以上的形容词用来修饰一名词时,其顺序如下:限定词(冠词,物主代词,指示代词,不定代词)→数词(序数词,基数词)→表性质、状态的描绘形容词(短语在前,长语在后)→表特征的形容词(大小、长短、形状、新旧、年龄、温度)→表颜色的形容词→表属性的形容词(包括国籍等专有名词)→表材料、质地的形容词→名词性定语(包括名词、动名词)+ 名词:the last four beautiful big new blue Spanish wooden citizen houses
6. good的反义词是bad,而well的反义词是ill。
7. elder和eldest是用来表示家族关系的长幼顺序,只作定语形容词。而older和oldest是用来表示年龄的比较,以及事物的新旧,既可作定语形容词,也可作表语形容词。
8. later和latest指时间的先后,但latter和last指顺序的先后。
9. farther和farthest主要反映“距离”或“时间”的比较,表示“较远的”“最远的”。而further和furthest主要指“程度”,表示“进一步的”和“最大限度的”。
10. A 两者比较,表示一方高于另一方:比较级+than
B 两者比较,表示同样的程度:as + 原级 +as
C 两者比较,表示一方不如另一方:not so(as)+原级+as
D 两者比较,表示一方程度浅一些:less + 原级 + than
E 用于三者或三者以上,表示其中一方最…:the + 最高级 + 比较范围
11. 某人或某物在与同类相比时,这个“某人或物”应排除在被比者之外,常需用到other,else。
12. 比较级前可用MANY,MUCH,FAR,A BIT, A LITTLE, A GREAT DEAL OF, A LOT等词表示程度或差别。
13. 同一人或物,比较其两种性质或状态,不管形容词是单音节或多音节,一律用more…than:He is more wise than diligent。
14. 特殊用法:
比较级+and+比较级 When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer. (越来越…) the +比较级,the+比较级 She is making greater and greater progress. The richer a country is, the better the people?s life will be. (越…,越…) all the+比较级 国家越富,人民的生活就越好。 The teacher feels all the happier for his diligence. (格外…,越发…) 老师因他的勤奋而感到格外高兴。