tell sb. about sth.“告诉某人有关某事”，tell sb. sth.“告诉某人某事”。
如：The granny told us about a thief breaking into her house. Tell me where you live.告诉我你住在哪儿。？
3. They also have to know how to make money.他们还必须知道如何赚钱。
(1)know how to do 其中的不定式带有疑问词。 know what to do 知道做什么。这一句式可以改为复合句，上句也可为：
They also have to know how they can make money.
又如：Please tell me when we should leave. =Please tell me when to leave.
请告诉我什么时候离开。
(2)make money/earn money挣钱
如：His father makes /earns a lot of money as a pilot.他父亲当飞机驾驶员挣钱很多。
4. However，some advertising can be confusing or misleading. 然而，一些广告会混淆或误导你。
(1)confuse v.使迷惑；confusing adj令人迷惑的；confusedadj.迷惑的，糊涂的
如：Waking up in strange surroundings confused her.她醒来时看到一片陌生的环境，这把她搞糊涂了。
The instructions are very confusing and I can’t understand them.这些指示莫名其妙，我没有办法理解
He gets confused easily.他很容易被弄糊涂。
(2)mislead v.使某人想错/做错，误导；misleading adj.令人受误导的
如：a misleading description/advertisement误导人的描述(广告) 5. Be sure to follow your host’s suggestions.务必要遵从主人的暗示或提议。
(1)be sure to别忘了，记住
如：Be sure to turn everything off before you go to bed.别忘了睡觉之前关上各样东西。
(2)be sure to do一定会??的，必定会发生的。 如：It’s sure to rain. 必定会下雨。 (3)be sure of 对??有把握。
如：He’s sure of living to ninety.他对活到90岁很有信心。 三、语法展示 宾语补足语
1.宾语补足语和宾语一起称为复合宾语，可作宾语补足语的有：名词，代词，形容词，副词，分词，不定式，介词短语，名词从句。 如：(1)We call him Jim.我们叫他吉姆。
(2)Whom do you think of me？ 你以为我是谁？ (3)Please keep the room clean.请保持室内清洁。 (4)He found her out.他发现她出去了。
(5)She found the book interesting.她认为这本书很有意思。
(6)You’d better have your shoes mended.你还是请人把鞋补一补吧。
(7)Make yourselves at home.不要受拘束。
(8)We made him what he is.是我们使他成为现在这样。 2.宾语补足语的注意事项
1)作宾语补足语的形容词应放在宾语后，若放在前则变成了定语。
如：(1)We found the man honest.我们发现此人很诚实。(宾补) (2)We found the honest man.我们发现了这个诚实的人。(定语) 2)在动词elect，choose，make之后用作补语的名词，若是表示“身份，职位”则不带冠词。如：They elected Li Lei monitor last week.上周他们选李雷当班长。 3)有些动词后通常跟“to be+名词或形容词短语”作补语，但to be常省去。这些动词有：think，consider，believe，imagine，suppose，
36
see，find，feel，etc.。
如：He thinks himself (to be) a clever man. 他认为自己很聪明。 4)复合宾语可变为宾语从句。 如：We think her a nice woman.→We think that she is a nice woman.我们认为她是个很好的人。
5)动词let，make，have及感官动词后用不带to的不定式作补语，若变为被动语态，应将to加上。
如：I saw tears come into her eyes.→Tears were seen to come into her eyes.我看到她眼里含着泪。
6)感官动词后跟不带to的不定式或现在分词作补语，其区别在于不定式强调事实经过或动作已完成，而现在分词则强调当时情景或动作正在进行。请比较。
如：I like to hear her sing.我喜欢听她唱歌。
I heard her singing last night.昨晚我听到她在唱歌。 一、疑点难点破解
1. Have you turned off your radio？你关掉收音机了吗？
疑点：turn off表示“切断、关上”之意，用于指切断电源、关上水管等。它的反义词是turn on。当关掉的东西是代词时，把代词放在中间。 如：His mother told him to turn off TV and do his homework.他母亲叫他关掉电视去做作业。
The tap is broken.If you want to save water，you must turn it off. 难点：与此相关的短语还有turn up“开大声”，turn down“关小点声”。用法同turn off/on.
如：It is too noisy. Please turn your radio down.
I can’t hear clearly. Would you please turn the tape up？
2.In the past twelve months they’ve had three major concerts and made a hit CD.在过去的12个月里他们举行了3次大型演唱会，出了一盘火暴的CD。
疑点：for/in the past/last twelve months/years/days/etc.常与现在完
成时态连用。
如：(1)For the past few days he has been ill.几天来他一直生病。 (2)She has been ill for the last three days.这三个星期他在生病。 (3)In the past three years we have learned two thousand English words.
3年来我们学了2000个英语单词。 难点：用于肯定句时，和以上短语连用的动词必须是延续性动作。 如：He has had(而不是bought)the book for three years.他已经买这本书三年了。
You have kept(不用borrow) the book for two weeks.你已经借这本书两个星期了。
3. This program started in 1980 and so far has brought thousands of overseas Chinese students to China to look for their families’roots.这个项目是1980年开始的，到目前为止已经帮助了几千名海外中国学生来中国寻根。
疑点：so far意为“到目前为止”，相当于till now/up to now，可用于句首或句末，用作状语，表示范围、程度或距离，通常作为现在完成时的时间状语出现。
如：I have read many foreign stories so far. 难点：so far as 意为“就?而论”、“到?程度”，表示程度、距离等。
如：So far as I know，he has been to Beijing many times.据我所知，他已去过北京许多次了。
4. I agree with you. 我同意你的看法。
疑点：agree with sb./sb.’s idea/ sb.’s view同意某人，同意某人的观点、想法、主意。
如：My mother doesn’t agree with my father and me.我妈妈不同意我和爸爸的想法。
难点：agree还有许多的用法
(1)用于简短回答中“同意”或“赞成”。如：Chocolate is good for
37
your health. Do you agree？
Yes，I agree./No，I don’t agree. (2)agree to do sth同意去做某事。如：I agree to ask someone for help.我同意向别人求助。
(3)agree to sth赞成某个建议、安排等。如：He agreed to your suggestion.他赞成你的建议。
(4)agree on sth. 在??方面达成一致。如：We agree on a price for the car.我们就车价达成一致意见。 (5)agree that+从句。如：Tom’s mother agree that he went on with his study.
5.You have probably never heard of Amy Winterbourne.你大概从未听说过Amy Winterbourne. 疑点：hear of/about听说，接名词、代词或动名词。如：I have never heard of the story before.
难点：1)hear表示听说时，后面接宾语从句。 如：I heard that his father died yesterday.
2)hear from=get/receive a letter from意为“收到?的信”，“得到?的消息”from后面加表示人的名词或代词 如：How often do you hear from your father？你每隔多久收到你父亲的来信？
6. The walls are made from old glass bottles that are glued together.墙是由胶合在一起的旧玻璃瓶做成的。
疑点：be made from 意思是“由? 制成”，但制成品不能看出原材料。
如：Paper is made from wood.纸是由木头制成的。 难点：be made还可以构成其他词组，注意区分。 (1)be made of意为“由?原材料制成”，主语为制成品，而且能看出原材料，of后面接表示原材料的名词。如：This jacket is made of cotton.这件上衣是棉花做的。
(2)be made in表示某一产品在某地生产或制造，in后面跟表示地
点的名词。
如：Trains are made in Zhuzhou.火车是株洲制造的。 (3)be made by意为“由(谁)制造的”，by后面接动作的执行者。如：The desk was made by his brother.这张桌子是他弟弟做的。 二、重点讲解
1. Have you packed yet？你打包了吗？
(1)这是一个现在完成时的句型，它是在两个时间上，一是过去，一是现在。它的动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响或结果，而这种影响和结果是说话人的兴趣所在，所以常常后面不用时间状语。Have/has+动词的过去分词，是它的基本结构。
如：Someone has broken the door.有人把门打破了。(结果，门仍破着)
(2)pack包装，把??装箱pack sth(up)into?整理行装 如：Pack clothes into a truck.把衣服装进衣箱内。
pack into塞进，挤进。如：The children packed into the cinemas on a wet day.在雨天，孩子们挤进电影院。
2. I have not cleaned out the refrigerator yet.我还没把冰箱清除干净。
clean sth out打扫某物之内部，扫除某物的尘土等。如：It is time for you to clean your bedroom.现在该你打扫你的卧室的时候了。 clean sth up清除罪犯和不道德分子，整顿(某物)。
如：The mayor has decided to clean up the city.市长已决定要整顿市政。
clean sth down清扫，擦干净。如：Clean down the walls.把墙上的尘土扫下。
3. I have not done any of these things yet Because my grandfather came to chat to me.那些事情我一样也还没做，因为我祖父来和我聊天。
(1)because连词，因为。如：I did it because they asked me to do it.我做这事是因为他们要我做。
38
(2)because所表达的原因是不知道的，如要表达明显的理由，或被认为是知道的，就用as，for，或so。如：As it is raining，you had better ever“曾经”，表示从过去到目前为止的时间，用于现在完成时态的疑问和含有最高级的从句中，否定句中常用never代替ever，在反take a taxi.=It is raining，so you had better take a taxi.既然下雨，你最好坐出租车来。
(3)because of 后面加名词或名词短语。
如：Because of his bad legs，he could not walk so fast as the others.因为他的腿有毛病，他不能和别人一样走得快。
4.Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you-if you can get tickets.如果他们到了一个离你近的城市，务必不要错过，如果你能得到票的话。
be sure to do务必，一定要。如：Be sure to tell me when you arrive home.到家后务必要告诉我一声。
★注意动词不定式to do的否定形式，要直接在to do前加not。如：Be sure not to wake up the sleeping boy.一定不要吵醒在睡觉的孩子。
5. I feel like I have done something that wasn’t important to me before.我想我做了些原先对我并不重要的一些事情。
feel like+ doing sth.想要，欲要。如：I don’t feel like eating a big meal now.我现在不想吃大餐。
6. They provide homes for many endangered animals，and help to educate the public about caring for them.我们为濒危动物们提供住所，并教育公众照顾他们。
provide sth for sb /provide sb with sth把某物提供给某人。如：These letters should provide us with all the information we need.这些信应该为我们提供所需的全部信息。 三、语法展示
(一)特殊副词的用法
现在完成时态我们在前面的一、二个单元中已讲述过，所以本单元只讲现在完成时态与几个副词的关系。 1. ever， never
意疑问句中，附加问句用肯定。
如：(1)Have you ever been to Hefei？你曾去过合肥吗？
(2)This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.这是我曾看过的电影中最有趣的一部。
(3)He has never been to the Great Wall，has he？他从未去过长城，是吗？
2. still，just still“仍然，还”，强调过去开始的情况或动作仍在继续，指时间，强调延续；just“刚刚，刚才”，多与现在完成时连用。注意要与just now区别开，just now指过去的时间，常与过去时连用。
如：(1)Has your sister still lived here？你妹妹仍然住在这儿吗？ (2)I have just finished lunch.我刚吃过中饭。
(3)I saw her mother just now.我刚才看见了她母亲。 3. before，ago
两者都可作副词用，before表示过去时间的以前，可独立使用，泛指“以前”，可用于现在完成时态或一般过去时态。ago不能独立使用，要置于时间段的词组之后，只能用于过去时态，表示从现在算起以前的时间。但可以用在情态动词加完成时态结构中，表示现在对过去发生的事情的推测。此外与since连用，构成since?ago用于现在完成时态。
如：(1)She has seen the film before. 她以前看过这部电影。 (2)Mary saw Jim a week ago.玛丽一周前见过吉姆。
(3)A lot of new things have happened since ten years ago.自十年前以来发生了很多新鲜事。 4. since，for since：“自从”，表示的是一个时间点，可用作介词，也可作连词。用作介词时，后接指时间点的名词或短语；用作连词时，后跟一个时间状语从句，但其前的谓语动词或主句的谓语动词须用现在完成时。
39
for构成的短语在现在完成时里，表示时间的长度，后须跟“一段时间”，不可跟“时间点”。 如：(1)He has worked at that factory since he came to the city.他到这城市以来一直在这家工厂工作。
(2)I have studied English for three years. 我学习英语已有三年了。 这两句是动词make的使役用法，make me后分别接了形容词和不定式短语。make的这种用法常见于以下结构： ◎ make+名词（代词）+省略to的动词不定式
My parents often make me do some other homework. 我父母常让我做些其他的作业。 (二)have been to 与have gone to 的区别 (1)have been to表示“已经去过某地”，现在已经不在所去的地方了
如：He has been to America twice.他已经去过美国两次了。 (2)have gone to表示“去了某地”，并未回来，最起码不在当地。 He is not here. He has gone to America.他不在这里，他去美国了。 Unit 13---Unit15单元重难点句子讲解
1. I’d rather go to the Blue Lagoon Restaurant... 我宁愿去Blue Lagoon餐厅，??
would rather意为“宁愿??”，表示句子主语的愿望、选择，后接省去to的不定式。 He’d rather join you in the English Group. 他宁愿加入到你的英语小组中来。
Which would you rather have, bread or rice? 面包和米饭，你更喜欢哪一个？ 如果表示“宁愿（可）??也不愿??”则用句型would rather...than...。在would rather和than后面所连接的两个对比部分一般要一致。 The brave soldier would rather die than give in.那个勇敢的士兵宁死不屈。
He’d rather work than play. 他宁愿工作也不愿玩。 They preferred to die of hunger rather than take his bread. 他们宁愿饿死也不愿接受他的面包。
2. Loud music makes me happy. (P103)嘈杂的音乐使我很开心。
Loud music always makes me want to dance. (P103)嘈杂的音乐总是使我想去跳舞。
特别提示
这一结构中的不定式短语在主动结构中是宾语补足语，必须省去to，变为被动结构时，不定式短语作主语补足语，这时必须带to。 She was made to work for the night shift. 她不得不上夜班。 ◎make+名词/代词+-ed分词短语
What made them so frightened?什么使他们这样害怕？
Can you make yourself understood in English?你能用英语把意思表达清楚吗？
◎make+名词/代词+介词短语或名词短语
She made him her assistant. 她委派他做自己的助手。
Sit down and make yourselves at home, everyone.大家请坐，不要拘束。 ◎make+名词（代词）+形容词或形容词短语。
The good news made us happy. 这条好消息使我们很高兴。
3. ... small restaurants can serve many people every day. (P104)??小饭店每天就可以多接待些顾客。
句中的serve 有“服侍，侍候，招待”等意思，常用于以下结构中： ◎ serve+宾语
They were busy serving the day’s last buyers.他们正忙着接待这天的最后一批顾客。
Nobody can serve two masters. 一人不能侍奉二主。 ◎ serve sb sth, 或serve sth to sb
Mrs Turner served us a very good dinner. =Mrs Turner served a very good dinner to us. 特纳太太招待我们吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。 ◎ serve sb with sth
40