摘 要
结构设计中框架结构是现代化教学楼广泛应用的结构，它具有灵活布置建筑平面的优点，利于安排需要较大空间的建筑，比较适用于教学楼。但是汶川大地震中框架结构教学楼震害较大，因此，要加少许剪力墙来增加框架结构的抗震设防线，增加抗侧刚度，减少侧移。
本设计包过建筑设计和结构设计。教学楼共5层，60人的标准教室，建筑总面积4233m2。利用Auto CAD及天正建筑，对教学楼进行了平面、立面、剖面即整体布局的建筑设计。利用PKPM软件来验算结构布置的合理性，进而对教学楼在无墙情况下的总荷载计算，达到确定建筑结构中一榀框架的配筋计算，确定楼板，联系梁和柱下独立基础的设计。通过PKPM软件来对加少许剪力墙框架结构进行设计，并绘制出结构的主要施工图，完成教学楼的总体结构设计。
关键词：少许剪力墙框架结构 建筑设计 结构设计 抗震设计
Abstrack
Teaching building of the structure design of the frame structure is widely used in the modern teaching building structure, it has more flexible with the advantages of building layout.To arrange the large space building structure.Compared to the teaching building.But after the Wenchuan earthquake frame structure teaching building seismic damage is bigger, therefore, to add a little shear wall frame structure to increase the multi-channel seismic fortification lines, reduce the lateral displacement, increased lateral stiffness.
The teaching building of 5 floors , 60 standard classrooms , a total construction area of 4233m2.This design including the architecture design and structure design, using Auto CAD and it is building, on the teaching building for the plane, elevation, section whereby the overall layout design.Using PKPM software to calculate the structural layout is reasonable, and the teaching building is in the free wall under the condition of total load calculation, to determine the structure of a frame reinforcement calculation, determine the floor, Tie beam independent foundation design.Through the PKPM software to add a little shear wall frame structure design, and draw the structure of the main construction graph, complete the teaching building of the overall structure.
Keywords: Frame structure Architectural design Structural design Anti-seismic design
目 录
第1章 绪论 ....................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 选题背景 ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外现状 ........................................................................................................... 1 1.3 研究的内容和方法 ............................................................................................... 1
1.3.1 研究内容 ..................................................................................................... 1 1.3.2 采用的方法 ................................................................................................. 2 1.4 成果及意义 ............................................................................................................ 2
1.4.1 成果 ............................................................................................................... 2 1.4.2 意义 ............................................................................................................... 2
第2章 设计概括 ............................................................................................................... 3
2.1 设计题目 ............................................................................................................... 3 2.2 设计目的 ............................................................................................................... 3 2.3 设计规模 ............................................................................................................... 3 2.4 设计资料 ............................................................................................................... 3 2.5 各部分工程构造 ................................................................................................... 3
2.5.1 屋面做法 ..................................................................................................... 3 2.5.2 楼面 ............................................................................................................. 4 2.5.3 厕所 ............................................................................................................. 4 2.5.4 墙体 ............................................................................................................. 4 2.5.5 门窗 ............................................................................................................. 4 2.6 设计要求 ............................................................................................................... 4
2.6.1 建筑部分 ..................................................................................................... 4 2.6.2 结构部分 ..................................................................................................... 4
第3章 建筑设计 ............................................................................................................... 6
3.1 建筑功能 ............................................................................................................... 6
3.1.1 建筑功能要求 ............................................................................................. 6 3.2 平面设计 ............................................................................................................... 6
3.2.1 建筑造型 ..................................................................................................... 6 3.2.2 布置原则 ..................................................................................................... 6
3.3 立面设计 ............................................................................................................... 7 3.4 剖面设计 ............................................................................................................... 7 3.5 交通联系部分 ....................................................................................................... 7
3.5.1 楼梯 ............................................................................................................. 7 3.5.2 走廊 ............................................................................................................. 8 3.5.3 出入口及门厅 ............................................................................................. 8
第4章 结构方案设计 ....................................................................................................... 9
4.1 工程简介 ............................................................................................................... 9 4.2 框架结构承重方案的选择 ................................................................................... 9 4.3 初估梁柱截面 ..................................................................................................... 10
4.3.1 柱截面 ....................................................................................................... 10 4.3.2 梁截面 ....................................................................................................... 11
第5章 荷载计算 ............................................................................................................. 12
5.1 恒载标准值的计算 ............................................................................................. 12
5.1.1 屋面 ........................................................................................................... 12 5.1.2 各层楼面 ................................................................................................... 12 5.1.3 梁自重 ....................................................................................................... 12 5.1.4 柱自重 ....................................................................................................... 13 5.1.5 外纵墙自重 ............................................................................................... 13 5.1.6 内纵墙自重 ............................................................................................... 13 5.1.7 内隔墙自重 ............................................................................................... 13 5.1.8 外隔墙自重 ............................................................................................... 14 5.2 活荷载标准值计算 ............................................................................................. 14
5.2.1 屋面和楼面荷载标准值 ........................................................................... 14 5.2.2 雪荷载 ....................................................................................................... 14 5.3 竖向荷载下框架受荷总图 ................................................................................. 15
5.3.1 在A - B 及C -- D轴板 .............................................................................. 15 5.3.2 在A -B 轴间框架梁 ................................................................................. 15 5.3.3 在B- C轴间框架梁 ................................................................................... 16 5.3.6 A轴柱纵向集中荷载的计算 .................................................................... 18 5.3.7 B轴柱纵向集中荷载的计算 .................................................................... 18 5.3.8 C轴柱纵向集中荷载的计算与B轴柱的相同 ........................................ 18 5.3.9 D轴柱纵向集中荷载的计算与A轴柱的相同 ....................................... 18
5.4 风荷载计算 ......................................................................................................... 19 5.5 水平地震作用 ..................................................................................................... 20
5.5.1 重力荷载代表值的计算 ........................................................................... 20 5.5.2 框架柱抗侧移刚度和结构基本自震周期计算： ................................... 22
第6章 内力计算 ............................................................................................................. 26
6.1 恒载作用下的框架的内力 ................................................................................. 26
6.1.1 弯矩分配系数 ........................................................................................... 26 6.1.2 杆件固端弯矩 ........................................................................................... 27 6.2 活载作用下的框架的内力 ................................................................................. 32
6.2.1 弯矩分配系数 ........................................................................................... 32 6.2.2 杆件固端弯矩 ........................................................................................... 33 6.3 风载作用下的框架的内力计算 ......................................................................... 38 6.3
地震作用下的框架的内力计算 .................................................................... 43
第7章 内力组合 ............................................................................................................. 47
7.1 恒荷载作用下内力调幅 ..................................................................................... 47
7.1.1 梁端柱边剪力计算 ................................................................................... 47 7.1.2 梁端柱边剪力梁端柱边弯矩计算 ........................................................... 47 7.1.3 弯矩调幅 ................................................................................................... 47 7.2 活荷载作用下内力调幅 ..................................................................................... 48
7.2.1 梁端柱边剪力计算 ................................................................................... 48 7.2.2 梁端柱边剪力梁端柱边弯矩计算 ........................................................... 48 7.2.3 弯矩调幅 ................................................................................................... 49 7.3 风荷载作用下的梁端柱边内力 ......................................................................... 49 7.4 水平地震作用下的梁端柱边内力 ..................................................................... 50 第8章 内力组合表 ......................................................................................................... 51 第9章 配筋计算 ............................................................................................................. 58
9.1.1 框架梁正截面承载力 ............................................................................... 58 9.1.2 框架梁斜截面配筋计算 ........................................................................... 59 9.2 柱截面设计和配筋 ............................................................................................. 62
9.2.1 柱正截面受弯承载力计算： ................................................................... 62 9.2.2 斜截面承载力计算 ................................................................................... 74
第10章 连系梁设计 ....................................................................................................... 76
10.1 荷载计算 .................................................................................................... 76