Oil sample analysis 油品样本分析
As a minimum an oil analysis should include: 作为油样分析，最少应包含： ? A particle count 颗粒数量
? Water content in ppm 水份含量（ppm，百万分之） ? Viscosity 粘性
? Acidity level 酸性等级
If the oil additive content is of interest a spectral analysis should be included.
如果需要了解油品添加剂，则需要作光谱分析。
This test is best carried out by the oil supplier as they have the detailed knowledge of the initial additivation of the oil.
这类测试最好能由油品的供应商执行，因为他们了解油品的原始添加剂。
It is recommended that the initial tests are performed by an independent laboratory with special knowledge on lubricants.
推荐：初步的测试交由具有润滑品专业知识的独立实验室进行。
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Fig. 6: 图6：
Particle analysis颗粒物分析 Source: 来源：
Filtrex Services BV, Holland Filtrex Services BV,荷兰 Particle counting 颗粒物计数 每100ml颗>2微米 313650 粒物数量 >5微米 87211 >15微米 8137 Colour test filter disc I.grey 滤片颜色测试 I级.灰色 ISO 4406 19/17/14 Paticles identification颗粒鉴定 黑色金属：70％ 焊屑： ％
亮色金属：10％ 锈：5％ 沙粒：％ 纤维：5％ 合成物：5％ 铜：5％
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1 DIV=15 MICRON 1刻度=15微米
ISO Standards ISO标准
The ISO 4406/2000 classification of particle contents was introduced to facilitate comparisons in particle counting.
ISO 4406/2000 颗粒物等级标准被引入，用于颗粒物的比较。
Sudden break down in an oil system is often caused by large particles (>14 μm) in the oil while slower, progressive faults,
e.g. wear and tear, are caused by the smaller particles(4-6 μm). 油质系统的突然崩溃通常是由系统中的大颗粒(>14 μm)引起，
而缓慢的、累积性的故障，例如磨损，则是由更小的颗粒(4-6 微米)所引起
This is one of the explanations why the particle reference sizes were set to 4 μm, 6 μm and 14 μm in ISO 4406/2000.
这也是之所以在ISO 4406/2000标准中，将颗粒按4微米, 6微米和14微米分类的原因。 A typical sample from a wind turbine gearbox, for example, contains in every 100 mL of oil:
以风力涡轮机的齿轮箱中取得的一个典型油品样本为例，每100ml油品中含有: 450,000 particles >4 micron 120,000 particles >6 micron 14,000 particles >14 micron 450,000个颗粒>4微米 120,000 个颗粒 >6 微米 14,000 个颗粒 >14 微米
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Fig. 7: 图7：
Contamination classes according to the new ISO 4406/2000 standard. 依据新ISO 4406/2000标准的污染等级。 More than多于 Till 最多 Class等级
Max：number of particles per 100ml fluid after their size ranges Max：每100毫升液体中超过其颗粒范围的颗粒数量。
Introduced in the ISO classification table (on the right), this oil sample has a contamination class of 19/17/14.
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根据ISO标准的表格，此油样的污染物等级是19/17/14。
NAS Classes NAS 等级
NAS 1628 is a American standard that translates approximately into ISO Codes.
NAS 1628是一个美国的标准，可以近似的转化为ISO代码。
The difference is that the NAS gives a more detailed breakdown of the different particle sizes.
不同之处在于NAS给出了更为细致颗粒尺寸分类。
Fig. 8: 图8： NAS 1628 Size 尺寸
Classes NAS 1628 NAS 1628等级
Evaluation of particle count 颗粒数量的评估
The obtained ISO code is an indication of the cleanliness of the oil in the gearbox and can be verified in the contamination charts shown below.
ISO代码可以标示出齿轮箱内油品清洁度，并且能在以下的污染物表格中对应查询。
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