邯郸学院本科毕业设计 题 目 学 生 指导教师 年 级 专 业 系 部
年产12万吨合成氨脱碳工段工艺设计冯文慧 梁亚男 讲师 2011级 应用化学 化学系 邯郸学院化学系 2013年6月
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毕业设计作者：
年 月 日
摘 要 本设计是年产十二万吨合成氨脱碳工段工艺的设计。二氧化碳是氨合成催化剂的毒物，因此需要把这些杂质除去，同时回收的二氧化碳也可以用于其他化学物质的合成，比如尿素，化肥等。本设计采用改良的碳酸丙烯酯和两段吸收两段再生的工艺来脱除合成气中的二氧化碳，并对吸收液进行再生。设计内容主要包括生产工艺的确定和比较、物料衡算和能量衡算、主要设备的设计与选型。主要设备为二氧化碳吸收塔：上塔径为3.1m，填料层高18m，下塔径为3.6m，填料层高度为12米，全塔填料层总高为30m。通过吸收塔将原料气中的二氧化碳含量降低到1%以下，以满足后续工艺需求。并使用CAD软件绘制带有工艺控制点的流程图和二氧化碳吸收塔设备结构图。
关键词 合成氨 脱碳 碳酸丙烯酯 工艺设计 吸收塔
The Design of 120kt/a Synthetic Ammonia
Purification Section Process
Feng Wen-Hui Driected by Lecturer LiangYa-nan
decarburization section in the design process. The carbon dioxide is harmful to ammonia synthesis catalyst, so it need removal of carbon dioxide in the feed gas, and it can be used for the production of other chemicals for example urea. It uses the developed way of hot solution of aqueous potassium carbonate and the process of two absorbtion and two recovery to remove the carbon dioxide of syngas, and to recover the carbon dioxide from the solution. The content of the design mainly includes the choice of the making technology, mass and energy balance, the design of the equipments and tubes. The main equipment of this design is carbon dioxide absorption tower. The diameter of the upper part of the tower is 3100mm, height of the packing layer is 18m, diameter of the lower part of the tower is 3600mm and the height of the packing layer is 12m. In this way, to make the levels of carbon dioxide in feed gas be reduced to less than 1%, to meet the demand. The process flow chart with control points and synthesis tower assembly were drawn with CAD.
Keywords Synthetic ammonia Decarburization process The hot solution of aqueous
Technological design
目 录
摘 要 ......................................................................................................................................... I 1 前言 ...................................................................................................................................... 1 2 合成氨的概述 ...................................................................................................................... 1 2.1 氨的发现与制取 ............................................................................................................. 1 2.2 氨的性质与用途 ............................................................................................................. 1 2.3 合成氨工业的发展现状 ................................................................................................. 2 2.4 合成氨典型流程 ............................................................................................................. 2 2.5 脱碳在合成氨中的作用和地位 ..................................................................................... 4 3 脱碳方法及工艺的选择 ...................................................................................................... 4 3.1 脱碳方法的选择 ............................................................................................................. 4 3.2 脱碳工艺的选择 ............................................................................................................. 6 3.3 脱碳工段主要设备的选择 ............................................................................................. 6 4 工艺计算 .............................................................................................................................. 7 4.1 工艺条件 ......................................................................................................................... 7 4.2 工艺过程 ......................................................................................................................... 7 5 主要设备的计算与选型 ...................................................................................................... 8 5.1 二氧化碳吸收塔 ............................................................................................................. 8 5.2 二氧化碳再生塔 ........................................................................................................... 11 6 车间布局 ............................................................................................................................ 11 6.1 车间设计任务 ............................................................................................................... 11 6.2 厂房的整体布局设计 ................................................................................................... 12 6.3 车间内辅助室与生活区布局 ....................................................................................... 12 7 脱碳三废的处理初步设计 ................................................................................................ 13 8 初步经济核算 .................................................................................................................... 14 9 结论 .................................................................................................................................... 16 10 附录 .................................................................................................................................. 16