3. ago/before
(1 ) I came here a year (2) Haven't we met ? 【分析比较】 ago前面加时段，指过去某一时刻，用于一般过去时，不能与完成时连用。(1)题意为\我一年前来到这儿。\。故(1)应为ago。before 指过去某一时间点之前所发生的事，与现在完成时连用;也可以单独使用，泛指\以前\。(2)题意为\我们以前没见过吗?\故(2) 应为before 4. because/because of
( 1) We had to put off the sport meeting the weather. (2)-Why didn't Jane go to school yesterday? she was ill.
【分析比较】because 引导的原因状语从句，一般放在主句的后面， 主要用于回答why 引起的特殊疑问句。故(2) 应为Because 。because of 后不能接从句，只能接名词(短语)、代词或动名词。(1)题意为\因为天气，我们不得不推迟运动会。\空格后是名词。故(1)应为because of。 5. thanks to/thanks for
(1) inviting us to your birthday party we had a wonderful evening. (2) It is a great success.
a lot of hard work.
【分析比较】thanks to意为\多亏，由于\。问题意为\由于尽心竭力，才取得巨大成功。\。故(2)应为Thanks to。thanks for 意为\为......而感谢\。 (1)题意为\感 谢你邀请我们参加你的生日聚会，我们度过了一个脸快的夜晚。\。故(1)应 Thanks for。 6. since/for
( 1 ) My brother has worked in this school he came here。 (2) The Germans , have lived in the city ten years. ( 3 ) I have had this book two days ago. 【分析比较】 since 引导的时间状语着眼于动作从过去某时开始，一直持续到说话的时候，因此since之后要接表示过去的具体时间或一般过去时的句子。(1)中he came here 是一般过去时;(3) 中的two days ago是过去的具体时间，故选since 。 for 一般与一段时间连用，强调某动作或状态持续时间的长短。(2) 中ten years 是一段时间，故选for。 7. happen/take place
( 1 ) How did the accident ? (2) No one knows what to him.
(3 ) When does the sports meeting ? 【分析比较】 happen 和take place 都有\发生\之意，分别是不及物动词和动词短语，无被动语态。happen 用于偶然发生的事件;take place 通常用于已计划、安排或人们积极参与的事情，还有\举行\之意。happen 后跟宾语时先加\，故( 1 )应该选happen; (2) 应填happened; take place 有\事先计划、安排好\之意，故(3) 应填take place 。
Unit 2
&考点词汇
bee , waste , stream, breathe , influence , weak , produce ,chest , anyway , coal , deaf, print , disturb , rubbish ,create , industry , blood , behavior, sand , prevent ,although , law, rise , level , plastic ，suppose ,nod ,
agreement， shake , action , technology , electric , wheel ,steel , towel , offer &目标短语
pour... into 把……倒入 be harmful to 对....有害 as a result (作为)结果
in the beginning 一开始;初期 day by day 一天天;逐日 die out 消失，灭亡 cut down 砍倒
change into 转换成，把……变成
prevent/ stop... from 妨碍，防止，预防 human being 人
turn off 关掉(水、电、电视、收音机等) on earth 由在地球上;究竟，到底
millions of 元数的，大量的，数以百万计的 take away拿走
refer to 提到，涉及，有关
take up 占去，占据(时间、空间等) ought to 应该
be supposed to do 应当，应该 on time 准时
neither... nor 既不…..也不 &重点句型
1.The flowers and grass have gone!
2. Look , there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream. 3. \
The journalist asked Mrs. Zhou if / whether she was feeling better then. 4. \The journalist asked what the environment around that place was like. 5. None of us likes pollution.
6. We should do everything we can to protect the environment. 7. Everyone should care for wild animals and plant more trees.
8. Humans have come to realize the importance of protecting animals. 9. Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away. 10. Everyone is supposed to do so.
11. About 35 % of the garbage in Hong Kong can be recycled every year while the
rest can't.
12. There will be increase in electricity needs if they are widely used.
&功能意念 1.责备和抱怨 He's to blame.
She blamed him for coming here late. What do you mean by doing so? Why did you come back so late? How could you lie to me?
Why didn't you tell me the truth? You're always so careless. Y ou shouldn't shout at me.
Anyway , I hope the government will solve this problem soon. None of us likes pollution.
I'm always in a bad mood because I can't stand the environment here. I'm sorry to have said that , but this room is too dirty.
I hate to say this , but it's too noisy. Why don't you do something about it? 2. 时段
- How long have you been in this school?
一I have been in this school for three years since three years ago. 一How long does it take you to get to school? It takes me twenty minutes by bike. - When did you live in Beijing?
一I lived in Beijing from 1996to 1999. &语法精粹
1.直接引语和间接引语。 2. 不定代词和不定副词。 3. 并列句。 &考点剖析
1. Look , there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream. 看，有几座化工厂往河里排放废水。
(1)句型there be + sb/ sth. doing... 意为\有某人(某物)正在做......\是句中sth. 或sb. 正在进行的动作，作定语。如:
There are many people living in the area now. 现在有许多人住在那个地区。 (2) pour. .. into... 意为\把……倾倒/排放到......里\。如:
Don't pour dirty water into the lake. 不要向湖泊里面排放脏水。 2. Light pollution is harmful to eyes光污染对眼睛有害。
be harmful to sb. /sth. = do harm to sb. /sth. 意为\对某人/某物有害\。如:
Noise pollution not only disturbs others but also does great harm to people's hearing. 噪音污染不仅打扰别人，而且对人们的听力有很大伤害。
Chemicals are harmful to the environment. = Chemicals do harm to the environment.化学制品对环境有害。
【链接】 harmful 的反义词是harmless\无害的. be harmless to sb. / sth. 意为\
对某人/某物无害\。如:
The green foods are harmless to people. 绿色食品对人无害。 3. ... I can't stand the environment here. ……我 无法忍受这里的环境。
can't stand +名词/动名词，表示\不能容忍某事/做某事\。如: 1 can't stand his mistakes. 我无法容忍他的错误。
1 can't stand waiting for you so long. 我无法忍受等你这么久。
4. Anyway, I hope the government will solve this problem soon. 无论如何，我希望政府能尽快解决这个问题。
anyway可是副词，意为\无论如何，反正\用来转换话题、结束话题或回到原话题的过渡语。如:
Anyway , let's forget about that for the moment.咱们无论如何暂时不要提这件事。 Anyway , I must go now. 无论怎样，我现在必须走了。
5. However, not all people know noise is also a kind of pollution and is harmful to human's health.然而，并非所有人都知道噪音也是一种污染，而且会对人类健康造成危害。
all 用于否定句中常表示部分否定， not all...常译为\不是所有的都……\。此外， not 与both ， all ,always , every 以及every巧的派生词连用时均表示部分否定。如:Not everybody likes doing sports。由.并非人人都喜欢运动。 Both of my parents don't like sports。由.我的父母不是都喜欢运动。
【链接】neither ， none , nothing , nobody , no one , never 等则表示全部否定。如:
Neither of the students likes reading. 这两个学生都不喜欢读书。 I think nothing is difficult for me. 我认为对我来说一切都不难。
6. Recently, it is reported that many teenagers in America can hear no better
than 65-year-old people do , because these young people always listen to loud pop music. 近来，有报道称，美国许多青少年的听力几乎和65 岁的老人一样差，这是因为这些年轻人总听劲爆的流行音乐。
( 1 ) It is ( was) reported\据报道;有消息说……此结构为被动语态。常见的类似结构有: It is ( was)said that\据说，有人说…… \。 如:
It was said that there used to be an old building here. 据说这儿以前有个古建筑。 ( 2 ) no better than... 意为\同……(几乎)一样差，不比……做得好\相当于almost as bad as... 。
如:Lucy did no better than Lily in the exam. 露西和莉莉考得几乎一样糟糕。 【链接】类似结构: no more than ，其后接数词时意为\仅仅\强调数量少，相当于only 。如:
There are no more than 42 students in my class. 我们班只有42 名学生。
7. Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away. 树木能防风固土。 They can also prevent the water from washing the earth away. 树也能防止水土流失。
stop/prevent sb. /sth. (from) doing sth. \阻止某人/某物做某事”在句中from 可以省略，语意不变。如:
Lucy's parents tried to stop/prevent her ( from)playing computer games. 露西的父母试图阻止她玩电脑游戏。
【链接】keep sb. / sth from doing sth. \阻止(避免)某人/某物做某事\不可以省略，否则会导致语意改变。试比较:
You can put the potatoes in water to keep them from turning black. 你可以把马铃薯放到水里以随变黑。
You can put the potatoes in water to keep them turning black. 你可以把马铃薯放到水里以使其继续变黑。
8. This harms the environment and takes up a lot of space四.这会破坏环境并占据大量空间。
take up 在这儿意为\占据\后面可以跟\空间\或\时间\。如:
The runners took up their positions at the starting line. 赛跑运动员已在起跑线上各就各位。
Learning English takes up most of his spare time. 学习英语占去了他绝大部分业余时间。
9. Everyone is supposed to do so. 每个人都有义务那样做。
be supposed to do sth. \按规定、习惯、安排等)有义务做某事，应该做某事\其否定形式为be not supposed to do sth. 。如:
The students are supposed to finish their homework on time. 学生应该按时完成作业。
You are not supposed to park here. 你不该在这儿停车。
10. First ， you ought to turn off the lights when you leave a room. 首先，当你离开房间的时候，你应该关灯。
ought to 情态动词\应该，应当\的意思，一般指道义上有责任或义务去做某事。语气比should 要强，且可表示现在、将来和过去。如: You ought to help your mother do some housework. 你应该帮助你妈妈做些家务。
注意: ought 的否定形式为ought not =ought n?t to疑问形式为Ought... to...?如: Y ou ought not to tell her the bad news. 你不应该告诉她这个坏消息。 一Ought we to set off at once? 我们应该立即动身吗? 一No， you oughtn't to.不，不需要。 &细比细看 1. none/no one
(1) -Who has gone with him? 一
(2)-How many students have been to the West Lake? 一
(3 ) of us has been to Shanghai.
【分析比较】 none 既可指人也可指物，作主语时谓语使用单复数均可，表示三者或三者以上\没有任何人或物\可与of 短语连用。no one 用来指人，不能与of 短语连用。故(3) 选none 。 在简略答语中， no one 用来回答who提问的句子，故(1)选No one。而none 则用来回答how many或how much 提间的句子，故(2) 选None 2. and/or/but/while/so
( 1 ) She came in took her coat off。
( 2) How do you usually go to school , on foot by bike?