H2 I. 操练真题一：Cambridge 6，Test 2, Passage 1，’Advantages of Public Transport’：Questions 6-10 步骤一：分析题目，划出定位次（红色）和考点词（绿色）；
6 The ISTP study examined public and private systems in every city of the world. 7 Efficient cities can improve the quality of life for their inhabitants. 8 An inner-city tram network is dangerous for car drivers. 9 In Melbourne, people prefer to live in the outer suburbs.
10 Cities with high levels of bicycle usage can be efficient even when public transport is only
averagely good.
步骤二：开始按照题目顺序做题:
6 The ISTP study examined public and private systems in every city of the world.
用专有名词ISTP作为定位词(文章中括号里文字必须不能漏掉)，从文章开头定位，找到第一段第二行，即： ‘A new study conducted for the World Bank by Murdoch University’s Institute for Science and Technology Policy (ISTP) has demonstrated that public transport is more efficient than cars. The study compared the proportion of wealth poured into transport by thirty-seven cities around the world. This included both public and private costs of building, maintaining and using a transport system.’ 题目与原文有两处不符，1：题目中提到的是public and private systems但是没有说明是什么系统，而原文指名是transport system; 2：原文中说明该研究只调查了全球37个城市，而题目使用了绝对化词汇every；因此本题为False。
7 Efficient cities can improve the quality of life for their inhabitants.
用efficient cities作为定位词从第6题定位区间之后向下扫读，定位在第二段：
‘...Professor Peter Newman, ISTP Director, pointed out that these more efficient cites were able to put the difference into attracting industry and jobs or creating a better place to live.’ 虽然原文用的是比较级，但是题目没有改变原文的中心思想，属于同义转述，因此为True。
8 An inner-city tram network is dangerous for car drivers. 此题中的tram是相对出现率低的词汇，因此用它来进行定位，在第三段中间部分：
‘...Melbourne’s large tram network has made car use in the inner city much lower, but the outer suburbs have the same car-based structure as most other Australian cities...’ tram在原文中只出现了一次，但是没有提过它对机动车司机是否造成威胁，因此此题为Not Given。
9 In Melbourne, people prefer to live in the outer suburbs.
同时用Melbourne和suburbs作为定位词进行定位，在第8题出题点后一句即是,但是只读这一句明显信息不够判断此题正确与否，因此需要扫读本段：
‘According to Professor Newman, the larger Australian city of Melbourne is a rather unusual city in this sort of comparison. He describes it as two cities: A European city surrounded by a car-dependent one. Melbourne’s large tram network has made car use in the inner city much lower, but the outer suburbs have the same car-based structure as most other Australian cities The explosion in demand for accommodation in the inner suburbs of Melbourne suggests a recent change in many people’s preferences as to where they live.’ 原文首先说墨尔本与其他城市不同，更像是两个城市，内城被一个依赖私家车的外城环绕，内城的私家车使用量低的原因是因为有了tram network，既然人们对内城的交通设施需求如此大，反应了他们更喜欢住在内城的需求，因此题目与原文相悖，False。
11 | Page
10 Cities with high levels of bicycle usage can be efficient even when public transport is only
averagely good. 利用bicycle进行定位到文章第五段：
‘Bicycle use was not included in the study but Newman noted that the two most bicycle friendly cities considered-Amsterdam and Copenhagen-were every efficient, even though their public transport systems were reasonable but not special.’ 题目为原文同义改写，因此为True。
II. 操练真题二：Cambridge 4，Test 4, Passage 1，’How Much Higher? How Much Faster?’：Questions 1-6
步骤一：分析题目，划出定位次（红色）和考点词（绿色）；
1 Modern official athletic records date from about 1900.
2 There was little improvement in athletic performance before the twentieth century.
3 Performance has improved most greatly in events requiring an intensive burst of energy. 4 Improvements in athletic performance can be fully explained by genetics. 5 The parents of top athletes have often been successful athletes themselves.
6 The growing international importance of athletics means that gifted athletes can be
recognized at a younger age.
步骤二：开始按照题目顺序做题:
1 Modern official athletic records date from about 1900.
同时利用records和1900进行定位，records在文章第一段第4行出现，1900没有在附近出现，但是题目中说的是about 1900, 因此在时间上与原文正文第一句的early years of the twentieth century相吻合; ‘Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, though space.’ 题目为原文的同义转述，因此为True。
2 There was little improvement in athletic performance before the twentieth century. 通过做第1题可判断第2题的出题位置与第1题基本一致，第1题限制的时间是在二十世纪之后，扫读下文发现时间上没有出现二十世纪之前的时间，因此无法判断出二十世纪之前的一切论述，故Not Given。
3 Performance has improved most greatly in events requiring an intensive burst of energy. 从第2题之后开始利用events和burst of energy进行定位，出现在第一段第三句和第四句：
‘...For the so-called power events-that require a relatively brief, explosive release of energy, like the 100-metre sprint and the long jump-times and distances have improved ten to twenty per cent. In the endurance events the results have been more dramatic...’ 既然endurance events的进步比power events的进步更加明显，即可证明most greatly是错误的，因此为False。
4 Improvements in athletic performance can be fully explained by genetics.
利用genetics进行定位至原文第二段：
‘No one theory can explain improvements in performance, but the most important factor has been genetics...’ 原文只说genetics是最重要的因素，而非唯一的，因此题目中的fully是与原文意思相悖的，故False.
5 The parents of top athletes have often been successful athletes themselves. 用parents作为定位词定位到：
‘...The athlete must choose his parents carefully, says Jesus Dapena, a sports scientist at Indiana
12 | Page
University, invoking an oft-cited adage...’ 全文唯一提到parents的地方，没有涉及运动员父母本身的职业，因此为Not Given。
6 The growing international importance of athletics means that gifted athletes can be
recognized at a younger age. 在定位时，此题的定位词原封不动出现在原文中的情况较少，基本为近义词同义替换，如：growing≈increasing, international≈global, gifted≈the unique complement of genes for athletic performance, 定位区间即为第5题后一句：
‘...Over the past century, the composition of the human gene pool has not changed appreciably, but with increasing global participation in athletics-and greater rewards to tempt athletes-it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early...’ 题目为原文的同义转述，故True。
III. 操练真题二：Cambridge 7，Test 3, Passage 3，’Forest Policy Making’：Questions 27-33
步骤一：分析题目，划出定位次（红色）和考点词（绿色）；
27 Forest problems of Mediterranean countries are to be discussed at the next meeting of
experts.
28 Problems in Nordic countries were excluded because they are outside the European
Economic Community.
29 Forests are a renewable source of raw material.
30 The biological functions of forests were recognized only in the twentieth century. 31 Natural forests still exist in parts of Europe.
32 Forest policy should be limited by national boundaries.
33 The Strasbourg conference decided that a forest policy must allow for the possibility of
change. 步骤二：开始按照题目顺序做题，第31题由于定位词不明显，因此利用题文同序的原则，做完30题直接做32题，然后在回头在30和32题之间的区间搜索31题答案：
27 Forest problems of Mediterranean countries are to be discussed at the next meeting of
experts.
28 Problems in Nordic countries were excluded because they are outside the European
Economic Community. 第27题和28题的定位词Mediterranean和Nordic距离很近，因此在做27题时一定会看到28题，定位至第一段倒数第二句话：
‘...Those confined to particular geographical areas, such as countries bordering the Mediterranean or the Nordic countries therefore had to be discarded...’ 原文明确说明会议没有讨论Mediterranean和Nordic国际是因为地理原因，并说本次会议没有讨论这些地区不意味今后还会忽视它们，因此第27题为Not Given，第28题为False。
29 Forests are a renewable source of raw material. 带着定位词raw material在原文中定位至第二段中间部分：
‘...At the same time, forests provide raw materials for human activities through their constantly renewed production of wood...’ 题目是原文的同义转述，因此是True。
30 The biological functions of forests were recognized only in the twentieth century.
带着twentieth century从第29题出题点接下去扫读，定位至：
‘As a whole, European countries see forests as performing a triple function: biological, economic and
13 | Page
recreational....Finally, they offer those condemned to spend five days a week in an urban environment an unrivalled area of freedom to unwind and take part in a range of leisure activities, such as hunting, riding and hiking. The economic importance of forests has been understood since the dawn of man-wood was the first fuel. The other aspects have been recognized only for a few centuries but they are becoming more and more important...’ 本段开头便指出森林资源的三个功能：生物，经济和休闲。后面说经济价值是人类自从懂得木材可以当作燃料被认可的，而其他方面都是最近几个世纪人们开始认识到的，其他方面因此可以推论出包括生物和休闲，因此本题为False。
32 Forest policy should be limited by national boundaries. Policy作为定位词出现在文章第三段第三句话：
‘...This means that a forest policy is vital, that it must transcend national frontiers and generations of people, and that it must allow for the inevitable changes that take place in the forests, in needs, and hence in policy...’ 题目是与原文思想相悖的，因此为False。
33 The Strasbourg conference decided that a forest policy must allow for the possibility of
change. 利用Strasbourg Conference定位至第32题出题点后一句，但是读到such，便可知是指代前面的内容，因此两题出题位置部分重合;
‘...This means that a forest policy is vital, that it must transcend national frontiers and generations of people, and that it must allow for the inevitable changes that take place in the forests, in needs, and hence in policy. The Strasbourg conference was one of the first events on such a scale to reach this conclusion...’ 题目为原文的同义转述，因此为True。
31 Natural forests still exist in parts of Europe.
之所以说第31题没有明显定位词是因为文章开篇就开始说欧洲的森林资源，因此再用Europe去定位意义不大，而forests也是通篇都在讨论的话题，因此将31题放在最后去做是比较省时和明智的选择，在第30和32题在原文中出题点之间的区间进行细读，搜索答案;
‘...Hence, there is a real concern throughout Europe about the damage to the forest environment which threatens these three basic roles.
The myth of the natural forest has survived, yet there are effectively no remaining primary forests in Europe. All European forests are artificial, having been adapted and exploited by man for thousands of years...’ 因此题目与原文思想相悖，为False。
14 | Page
H3 I. Matching题型简介与解题技巧 简介： i. Matching题型包括以下几个subtypes: 人名与观点/发现，属性与特点，段落信息搭配，长句子搭配； ii. Matching题目在原文中的出题点均是乱序的，与之前的True/False/Not Given题文同序的特点相反； iii. 其中，长句子搭配出题率较低，段落信息搭配是相对最难的。 ‘人名与观点’解题技巧： i. 在原文中划出所有提到的人名以及相关代词（he, she, they）； ii. 划出这些人名以及代词前后表达观点的内容（直接引语以及间接引语）； iii. 分析题目中的观点或发现，划出定位词回到原文中已经划出的观点中一一比对，找出正确答案。 ‘属性与特点’解题技巧： i. 选择利用选项集合还是题目集合回到原文定位（以Non-Paraphrase项来定位）; ii. 处理剩余集合中的每一项; iii. 带着核心词到原文中寻找对应属性并选择正确的选项。
II. 操练真题一：Cambridge 4，Test 2, Passage 3，’Play is a Serious Business’：Questions 36-40 步骤一：在原文中划出所有提到的人名以及相关代词以及这些人名以及代词前后表达观点的内容： 段落 A B 出现的人名及其观点 ...’Even two or three per cent is huge,’ says John Byers of Idaho University. ‘You just don’t find animals wasting energy like that,’ he adds... NA ... [38-E] But Byers points out that the benefits of increased exercise disappear rapidly after training stops, so any improvement in endurance resulting from juvenile play would be lost by adulthood. ‘If the function of play was to get into shape,’ says Byers, ‘the optimum time for playing would depend on when it was most advantageous for the young of a particular species to do so. But it doesn’t work like that.’... ...In one study, behavioral ecologist Tim Caro...He found that the way the cats played had no significant effect on their hunting prowess in later life. [39-D] Earlier this year, Sergio Pellis of Lethbridge University, Canada, reported that there is a strong positive link between brain size and playfulness among mammals in general. Comparing measurements for fifteen orders of mammal, he and his team found larger brains (for a given body size) are linked to greater playfulness. [36-B] The converse was also found to be true. Robert Barton of Durham University believes that, they require more play to help mound them for adulthood. ‘I concluded it’s to do with learning, and with the importance of environmental data to the brain during development,’ he says. According to Byers, the timing of the playful stage in young animals provides an important clue to what’s going on... ‘People have not paid enough attention to the amount of the brain activated by play,’ says Marc Bekoff, from Colorado University. Bekoff studies coyote pups at play and found that the kind of behavior involved was markedly more variable and unpredictable than that of adults. Such behavior activates many different parts of the brain, he reasons. [37-G] Bekoff likens it to a behavioral kaleidoscope, with animals at play jumping rapidly between activities. ‘They use behavior from a lot of different contexts-predation, aggression, reproduction,’ he says. ‘Their developing brain is getting all sorts of stimulation.’ 15 | Page
C D E F G